Sexually Transmitted Infections最新文献

{"title":"Increased detection of hepatitis B and C through opt-out testing in a UK sexual health clinic.","authors":"Matthew Valentino, Victoria Lashmar, Sachini Mendis, Indrajit Ghosh, Stuart Flanagan, Harry Coleman","doi":"10.1136/sextrans-2025-056854","DOIUrl":"10.1136/sextrans-2025-056854","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21624,"journal":{"name":"Sexually Transmitted Infections","volume":" ","pages":"339-340"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147988875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in prevalence of <i>Trichomonas vaginalis</i> among patients of an STI clinic in the Netherlands: a 9-year retrospective study.","authors":"Carolina J G Kampman, Femke D H Koedijk, Froukje Bosma, Jeannine Hautvast, Christian Jpa Hoebe","doi":"10.1136/sextrans-2025-056676","DOIUrl":"10.1136/sextrans-2025-056676","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Prevalences of <i>Trichomonas vaginalis</i> (TV) in Europe are low and consequently marginally tested by Dutch sexually transmitted infections (STI) clinics. We routinely tested all patients on all anatomical sites. We aimed to assess trends, prevalences among key populations and at different anatomical sites, as well as predictors of being TV positive to inform future testing practices and guideline development.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed between 2014 and 2022, using STI clinic data. Trends and positivity rates among key populations and anatomical locations were assessed using descriptive analyses. Sociodemographics and sexual behaviour variables were analysed to assess predictors of being TV positive, using multivariable regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 37 577 consultations were performed in which patients were tested for TV; 16 075 among women and 21 502 among men. Overall TV positivity was 0.9% (145/16 075) among women and 0.3% (54/21 502) among men, and highest among women with a Netherlands Antillean ethnic background with 5.2% (11/212). TV positivity was lowest at the pharyngeal anatomical site (0.1%), followed by anorectal site (0.2%) and the urogenital anatomical site (0.5%).The following predictors of being TV positive were tested significant for men: being older (≥40 years, OR=5.1), having a Surinamese (OR=6.8) or Netherlands Antillean (OR=7.4) ethnic background and being gonorrhoea positive (OR=2.1). For women, the following predictors tested significant: being older (≥40 years, OR=3.3), having an Eastern European (OR=3.1), Western European (OR=2.2), Netherlands Antillean (OR=7.8) or Mid and South African (OR=4.0) ethnic background, having STI symptoms (OR=2.6) and being gonorrhoea positive (OR=2.6).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Based on our results of 9 years of screening in an STI clinic setting, routine universal testing for TV is unnecessary. Testing patients, particularly women, is only required in symptomatic cases and might be considered in cases with an Eastern European, Netherlands Antillean or Mid and South African ethnic background.</p>","PeriodicalId":21624,"journal":{"name":"Sexually Transmitted Infections","volume":" ","pages":"292-298"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13422104/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145496660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating PrEP equity in Wales, UK, using triangulation of routine data sources.","authors":"Eleanor Cochrane, Sophie Harker, Josie Smith, Darren Cousins, Zoe Couzens, Alessandro Ceccaarelli, David Gillespie","doi":"10.1136/sextrans-2025-056748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2025-056748","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Unlike other key populations, gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) in Wales show a high uptake of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), reflecting trends seen in countries where HIV incidence has historically been highest among GBMSM. Pragmatic solutions to evaluate inequity of uptake include the PrEP-to-need ratio (PnR), which was applied via the method and data triangulation approach to evaluate equity of PrEP uptake in Wales, 2023, using routine data.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PnR is redefined as the number of PrEP users divided by 'PrEP need'. Epidemiological PrEP need (represented by new HIV diagnoses) is compared with PrEP candidacy PrEP need (represented by the number of PrEP candidates among service users). PrEP candidates were retrospectively identified from the sexual health clinic (SHC) and online STI self-sampling request (Test and Post (T&P)) service users. PnRs were calculated across sociodemographic groups in Wales, 2023, and inequity ratios (magnitude of difference between two PnRs) were compared across methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2023, 2191 people were prescribed PrEP and 76 people received a 'first new HIV diagnosis'. Of 62 711 SHC users and 71 872 T&P users, 7% and 14%-28% were identified as PrEP candidates, respectively. Relative to PrEP need, there were 2-58 times more men than women and 2-35 times more people of White than Black ethnicity prescribed PrEP (ranges reflect variation across triangulated PrEP need denominators). Smaller inequities in uptake were identified, favouring people aged 55+ and those in urban and less deprived settings. SHC data generate smaller PrEP-candidacy rates than T&P, most notably for women and people of Black ethnicity, for whom estimates differ by a magnitude of up to 72 and 10, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study identifies inequities in PrEP uptake across gender, ethnicity, age group, rural/urban classification and deprivation. Disparate estimates of equity gaps, most notably across gender and ethnicity, emphasise the limitations of routine data to evaluate equity of uptake. Data and method triangulation strengthen characterisation of PrEP-uptake inequities in low-incidence settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":21624,"journal":{"name":"Sexually Transmitted Infections","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148448903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors associated with the online postal self-sampling testing cascade in England, 2022: a retrospective observational study of routinely collected service-level healthcare data.","authors":"Jo Gibbs, Alison Howarth, Anna Tostevin, Victoria Tittle, Oliver Stirrup, Catherine H Mercer, David Crundwell, Sara Day, Claire Dewsnap, Louise J Jackson, Hamish Mohammed, Jonathan D C Ross, Jessica Sheringham, Ann Sullivan, Andew Winter, Geoff Wong, Andrew Copas, Fiona Burns","doi":"10.1136/sextrans-2025-056804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2025-056804","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The last decade has seen a rapid increase in online postal self-sampling (OPSS) for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the UK. Evaluating OPSS is important to understand its uptake and use by different populations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analysed pseudonymised routine data from online sexual health providers in three case study areas (CSAs) in England, conducting descriptive analysis of the OPSS testing cascade for service users aged 16+ years who submitted an online kit order (1 January 2022 to 30 November 2022). We used logistic regression to determine crude and adjusted associations by CSA between service user characteristics and progression along the cascade.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 610 876 orders submitted and kits dispatched, 51.5-78.4% of STI kits across CSAs were returned. 98.5% (n=459 304/466 392) of returned STI kits contained 1+ processable swab/urine sample. Chlamydia test positivity as a proportion of kit orders ranged from 3.7% (CSA2) to 5.7% (CSA3), with gonorrhoea test positivity ranging from 1.29% (CSA1) to 1.63% (CSA2).Return of blood samples varied from 36.3% to 65.3% and return of processable blood samples varied from 22.8% to 57.9% of orders submitted. Older people (45+ years) were more likely than younger people (16-19 years) to return a processable blood sample (CSA1-adjusted OR (aOR)=1.85, CSA2-aOR=1.48, CSA3-aOR=1.43, all p<0.001) as were those in less deprived versus those in most deprived areas (CSA1-aOR=1.24; CSA2-aOR=1.10; CSA3-aOR=1.37, all p<0.001). Women, and men who did not report sex with men (respectively), were less likely than men who have sex with men to return a processable blood sample (CSA1-aOR=0.42, 0.39; CSA2-aOR=0.75, 0.87; CSA3-aOR=0.40, 0.54, all p<0.001), as were those reporting symptoms compared with those with no symptoms (CSA1=0.75; CSA2=0.81; CSA3=0.92, all p≤0.004). Positive predictive value for HIV screening via OPSS (excluding those known to be living with HIV) ranged from 4.4% (CSA2) to 7.1% (CSA3).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We found consistent differences across CSAs in return of OPSS kits and processable blood samples by age, deprivation level, sex, sexual behaviour and symptom status. Interventions are needed to ensure that the testing pathways available meet the needs of all populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":21624,"journal":{"name":"Sexually Transmitted Infections","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148448921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) provision and clinical attendance patterns in London sexual health services.","authors":"Annabel Jane Brown, Adam Shallis, Tara Suchak, Diarmuid Nugent, Gurmit Jagjit Singh, Ellen Dwyer, Rachael Jones, Marta Boffito, Victoria Tittle","doi":"10.1136/sextrans-2026-057051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2026-057051","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21624,"journal":{"name":"Sexually Transmitted Infections","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148448901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Point-of-care screening for curable sexually transmitted infections in antenatal care in Zimbabwe: a costing study.","authors":"Kevin Martin, David Bath, Rangarirayi Nyamwanza, Ethel Dauya, Tsitsi Bandason, Chido Dziva Chikwari, Victoria Simms, Joseph D Tucker, Anna Machiha, Michael Marks, Katharina Kranzer, Rashida A Ferrand","doi":"10.1136/sextrans-2025-056899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2025-056899","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i>, <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> and <i>Trichomonas vaginalis</i> during pregnancy are associated with adverse birth outcomes. However, there are limited published data available on cost estimates for implementing such screening. The aim of this study was to estimate the cost of integrating point-of-care STI screening into antenatal care in Harare, Zimbabwe, compared with a modelled standard of care (syndromic management).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We implemented screening for <i>C. trachomatis</i>, <i>N. gonorrhoeae</i> and <i>T. vaginalis</i> in antenatal care at two primary healthcare clinics in Harare, Zimbabwe, between 12 January 2023 and 23 October 2023. Economic costs required to deliver the testing strategy from a health system perspective were collected using a bespoke cost extraction tool based on study records, staff interviews, time-and-motion studies, local authority salary scales and other secondary sources. During the study, implementation within high-volume settings was found to not be operationally feasible, so implementation within a low-volume setting in routine care, without time required for research processes, was modelled for a 12-month period. The incremental cost per person screened and treated was calculated comparing point-of-care testing to a modelled standard of care using syndromic management.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The composite prevalence of <i>C. trachomatis</i>, <i>N. gonorrhoeae</i> and/or <i>T. vaginalis</i> as measured in the intervention was 28.3% (283/1000). As a proportion of the total cost of the intervention, the largest components were test kits (55.4%), personnel (31.0%), and equipment costs (7.5%). The costs per person screened and treated were $41 and $146, respectively. The incremental costs per person screened and treated compared with syndromic management were $41 and $169, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The incremental cost per person screened and treated for an STI using a point-of-care antenatal screening strategy was driven by test kit and personnel costs, underlining the need for lower cost point-of-care STI diagnostics.</p><p><strong>Trial registration number: </strong>NCT05541081.</p>","PeriodicalId":21624,"journal":{"name":"Sexually Transmitted Infections","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148405481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cervicovaginal inflammation and HIV target cell activation in adolescent girls and young women with <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i> infections.","authors":"Smritee Dabee, Shaun Barnabas, Brian Kullin, Bart Versteeg, Nonhlanhla Mkhize, Etienne Muller, Venessa Maseko, David A Lewis, Janan Dietrich, Glenda Gray, Katherine Gill, Linda-Gail Bekker, Musalula Sinkala, Darren P Martin, Sylvia M Bruisten, Heather B Jaspan, Jo-Ann S Passmore","doi":"10.1136/sextrans-2025-056900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2025-056900","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in sub-Saharan Africa are disproportionately affected by <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i> (CT) infections, a leading cause of pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility and increased HIV susceptibility. CT-induced genital inflammation disrupts mucosal barriers and activates HIV target cells, compounding immunological risks. We investigated CT infection in AGYW from two South African regions, focusing on genital inflammation and immune activation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An observational cohort of 298 sexually active AGYW (aged 16-22 years) from Cape Town and Johannesburg was enrolled. Participants in Johannesburg attended one visit, while those in Cape Town were followed longitudinally (6-8 months). Cytokine profiling of cervicovaginal samples assessed inflammatory responses, while cervical cytobrush-derived CD4+ T cells were analysed for CD38, Ki67 and C-C chemokine receptor type 5 expression. CT <i>ompA</i> genotyping examined strain diversity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CT prevalence was 2.4-times higher in Cape Town (41.6%) than Johannesburg (17.4%). CT infection was associated with upregulated interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, with responses appearing stronger in Johannesburg, although low CT cases at this site limited regional comparisons. Genotyping suggested regional variation: genovar D, predominant in Cape Town, was associated with lower interferon (IFN)-γ concentrations, whereas genovar E, more common in Johannesburg, was associated with higher IFN-γ concentrations. AGYW with CT infection across multiple visits did not exhibit elevated genital tract cytokine levels compared with those infected at a single visit. However, they showed increased activated cervical CD4+ T cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CT-associated immune responses in AGYW appear to reflect a combination of pathogen diversity, regional context and host immune history.</p>","PeriodicalId":21624,"journal":{"name":"Sexually Transmitted Infections","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148376761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into sexual partners and partnerships among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men in the United Kingdom: results from the Reducing Inequalities in Sexual Health (RiiSH) behavioural survey.","authors":"Elizabeth Fearon, David Etoori, Dana Ogaz, Benjamin Weil, Will Nutland, David Reid, John Saunders, Hamish Mohammed, Catherine H Mercer","doi":"10.1136/sextrans-2025-056865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2025-056865","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Sexual decision-making and sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevention are influenced not only by individuals' characteristics but also by those of their partners and their relationship with each other. To inform STI prevention and understand transmission dynamics, we aimed to understand sexual partnership demographic assortativity, sexual behaviour, communication and concurrency among UK-resident gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>With community members and organisations, we codesigned a sexual partnerships module for an annual online cross-sectional community-based survey of UK-resident GBMSM (cisgender/trans/non-binary assigned-male-at-birth) undertaken November-December 2023. We collected data about ≤3 most recent male sex partners since August 2023 and analysed variations in relative demographic characteristics (age, ethnicity), sexual behaviours (practices, condom use, HIV-pre-exposure prophylaxis (HIV-PrEP use)) and sexual health communication by partner type (one-time, established, casual and uncertain).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>1106 participants described 2342 partners: 12.5%, 20.4%, 9.9% and 57.1% reporting 0, 1, 2 and 3 partners, respectively, of varying combinations. Casual partner types were most reported (43.2%) versus one-time (36.1%), established (13.9%) and uncertain partnerships (6.8%). Concurrency was common with the mean number of ongoing partnerships >1 (1.23, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.30). Age-mixing varied by partner type, from median 2 (established partners) to 10 (one-time partners) years difference.Sexual health communication was highest among established partners. It was two times as common to be unaware of one-time partners' HIV status (66.8%) and not to have discussed sexual health (65.7%) compared with casual partners (30.0% and 27.2%, respectively). Condom use was low across partner types. HIV-PrEP was always used by HIV-negative participants in two times as many one-time, causal and uncertain partnerships (49.2%, 50.0%, 42.0%) compared with established partnerships (23.3%) involving condomless anal intercourse.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>UK-resident GBMSM have diverse types of male sexual partners, varying in their demographic mixing, sexual behaviour and communication, which should be reflected in sexual health promotion and transmission dynamics analyses.</p>","PeriodicalId":21624,"journal":{"name":"Sexually Transmitted Infections","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148353382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cost-effectiveness of a decentralised molecular point-of-care testing programme for sexually transmitted infections in remote primary care health services in Australia.","authors":"Caroline G Watts, Louise M Causer, Susan J Matthews, Kirsty Smith, Kelly Andrewartha, Annie Tangey, Ben B Hui, Rae-Lin Huang, David Anderson, Steven G Badman, Basil Donovan, Christopher K Fairley, Manoji Gunathilake, Belinda Hengel, John Kaldor, Lisa Maher, Donna B Mak, David Persing, David G Regan, Mark D Shephard, David Speers, Handan Wand, James Ward, David Whiley, Caitlyn S White, Virginia Wiseman, Rebecca J Guy","doi":"10.1136/sextrans-2025-056863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2025-056863","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>In remote Australian First Nations communities, the burden of curable sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is highest for young women and men aged 16-29 years and for women is associated with two-fold higher rates of hospitalisations for pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) than for non-First Nations women. Following a randomised trial, decentralised community-led molecular point-of-care (POC) testing for STIs has operated in remote primary care across Australia for more than 7 years, improving uptake and timeliness of treatment for chlamydia, gonorrhoea and trichomonas infections. However, cost-effectiveness remains unknown.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A decision analytic model was devised to compare costs and outcomes associated with a POC testing programme for chlamydia, gonorrhoea and trichomonas infections in women and men aged 16-29 years seeking care, compared with standard care (laboratory-based testing). The analysis used a government payer perspective and 10-year time horizon. The primary outcome was the cost ($A) per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained. Sensitivity analyses examined uncertainty around the results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Based on a combined testing positivity rate of 36% and 29% for chlamydia, gonorrhoea and trichomonas for women and men, respectively, the POC testing programme, compared with laboratory testing, produced an estimated incremental cost per QALY ratio (ICER) of $A19 714 (95% CIs $A19 608 to $A19 821) over 10 years. Among those with an STI, the POC testing programme was predicted to reduce diagnosed PID by 30% and preterm/low birth weight babies by 17%. Sensitivity analyses indicated that the ICER was most sensitive to the probability of infection and receiving treatment within 2 days, based on a willingness-to-pay threshold of $A50 000.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This health economic evaluation indicates that a scaled molecular POC testing programme for the management of STIs in remote primary care settings is cost-effective compared with standard care. Sustained POC testing in this setting is likely to improve reproductive health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":21624,"journal":{"name":"Sexually Transmitted Infections","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148353451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"National prevalence estimates of chlamydia and gonorrhoea in the Netherlands (PECAN): comparison of two national cross-sectional surveys.","authors":"Daphne A van Wees, Inge J M Willemstein, Sylvia M Bruisten, Hanneke de Graaf, Koenraad Vermey, Marieke Hiemstra, Birgit H B van Benthem, Janneke C M Heijne","doi":"10.1136/sextrans-2026-056965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2026-056965","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>National prevalence estimates of chlamydia and gonorrhoea are essential to inform public health strategies and support evidence-based policy development. The aim was to generate national prevalence chlamydia and gonorrhoea estimates in 2022/2023, identify associated risk factors and compare prevalence over time.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Five years after the first survey in 2016/2017, a second national cross-sectional probability sample survey about sexual health among men and women aged 16-34 years in the Netherlands was conducted between October 2022 and March 2023. Sexually active survey participants were invited to participate in the prevalence study and received a home-based sampling kit. Returned samples were tested for chlamydia and gonorrhoea in a laboratory (ie, nucleic acid amplification test). Weighting techniques were used to correct for selective non-response. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors of infection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 6277 survey participants invited for the prevalence study, 1142 (18.2%) returned a specimen. The weighted overall chlamydia prevalence was 3.5% (95% CI 2.3% to 5.4%), and prevalence was higher in younger age groups (<25 vs ≥25 years). Due to low numbers in other groups, risk factor analysis was only possible among women aged 18-24 years, where risk factors for chlamydia included being <20 years, vocational education, no steady relationship and condomless sex. As in 2016/2017, no gonorrhoea cases were detected in 2022/2023. Chlamydia prevalence and associated risk factors did not change, except for higher prevalence among university-educated individuals in 2022/2023.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Chlamydia prevalence among young sexually active men and women in the Netherlands remained stable between 2016/2017 and 2022/2023, with higher prevalence observed in younger age groups in both studies. Given recent changes in chlamydia testing guidelines in the Netherlands towards more restrictive testing of asymptomatic individuals, probability sample surveys with laboratory-confirmed STI testing are crucial for monitoring prevalence trends and evaluating public health policy.</p>","PeriodicalId":21624,"journal":{"name":"Sexually Transmitted Infections","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148332371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}