Matthew J Mimiaga, Jiahao Tian, Izzy Chiu, Elizabeth A Yonko, Gilda Noori, Najib Aziz, Beth D Jamieson, Yuhang Qian, Maria L Alcaide, Michael Augenbraun, M Reuel Friedman, Mirjam-Colette Kempf, Jodie Dionne-Odom, Gypsyamber D'Souza, Andrew Edmonds, Deborah Konkle-Parker, Audrey L French, Ighovwerha Ofotokunc, Frank J Palella, Michael W Plankey, Anjali Sharma, Phyllis C Tien, Ken Ho, Adam J Visconti, Roger Detels
{"title":"Prevalence of chlamydial, gonococcal and syphilis positivity by anatomical site and sex via self-collected biospecimens using at-home testing kits among a large and diverse cohort of men and women enrolled in the MACS/WIHS Combined Cohort Study (MWCCS) in the USA.","authors":"Matthew J Mimiaga, Jiahao Tian, Izzy Chiu, Elizabeth A Yonko, Gilda Noori, Najib Aziz, Beth D Jamieson, Yuhang Qian, Maria L Alcaide, Michael Augenbraun, M Reuel Friedman, Mirjam-Colette Kempf, Jodie Dionne-Odom, Gypsyamber D'Souza, Andrew Edmonds, Deborah Konkle-Parker, Audrey L French, Ighovwerha Ofotokunc, Frank J Palella, Michael W Plankey, Anjali Sharma, Phyllis C Tien, Ken Ho, Adam J Visconti, Roger Detels","doi":"10.1136/sextrans-2025-056508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2025-056508","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cisgender men who have sex with men (MSM), transgender women, cisgender women and cisgender men who have sex with women only (MSW) have differential risk of acquiring <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i> (CT) and <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> (GC), the two most commonly reported bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the USA. Similarly, MSM and transgender women have a higher number of syphilis infections in the USA than other groups. The presence of any of these three STIs is a significant risk factor for HIV acquisition and transmission, unless taking antiretroviral medication for HIV prevention (pre-exposure prophylaxis) or treatment (antiretroviral therapy). We sought to understand the prevalence rates of STIs in various vulnerable populations by anatomical site, sex and gender, which will inform the development of targeted prevention interventions and guide future updates to national testing guidelines.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants are enrolled in the MACS (Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study)/WIHS (Women's Interagency HIV Study) Combined Cohort Study (MWCCS)-the longest-running observational study of both people living with HIV (PLWH) and sociodemographically similar people living without HIV (PLWOH) in the world-with a total of 13 clinical research sites across the USA; participants (N=5700) complete quantitative assessments related to a variety of behavioural and health-related factors every 6 months. Regardless of whether or not they were sexually active or symptomatic/asymptomatic, all enrolled participants (ie, cisgender MSM, transgender women, cisgender women and cisgender MSW) were asked to complete surveillance testing for bacterial STIs (ie, syphilis, CT and GC). In addition to urethral samples, cisgender MSM, transgender women and cisgender MSW collected samples to test for extragenital pharyngeal and rectal CT and GC. Using at-home testing kits, participants self-collected biospecimens (ie, dried blood spots (DBS)/ microtainer of blood, urine and rectal and pharyngeal swabs) which were mailed to a central laboratory for nucleic acid amplification testing (for CT/GC) and syphilis testing using the reverse algorithm. STI results were linked to participants' HIV testing data and self-administered surveys on sociodemographics, sexual behaviours and psychosocial factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among those tested, 24.6% of cisgender MSM, 25.8% of transgender women, 7.4% of cisgender women and 14.6% cisgender MSW tested positive for at least one STI. Multiple STIs/anatomical sites were detected in 3.9% of participants, with the highest prevalence among transgender women (9.7%). Current/past syphilis prevalence was 11.2% across all participants, with cisgender MSM (19.7%) and transgender women (19.4%) having a higher prevalence than cisgender women (6.4%) and cisgender MSW (12.6%). Regarding CT, 2.1% of the participants tested were positive at one anatomical site. Among those who h","PeriodicalId":21624,"journal":{"name":"Sexually Transmitted Infections","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144718387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anniris Rincon-Quintero, Carlos Davina-Nunez, Ana De Malet, Bitalio Jhon Montaño Barrientos, Carolina Menéndez-Rodríguez, Alexandre Pérez-González, Sonia Perez-Castro, Sandra Cortizo-Vidal, Antonio Ocampo, Carmen Potel
{"title":"Emergence of multidrug-resistant <i>Haemophilus parainfluenzae</i> isolates from urethral samples in men who have sex with men.","authors":"Anniris Rincon-Quintero, Carlos Davina-Nunez, Ana De Malet, Bitalio Jhon Montaño Barrientos, Carolina Menéndez-Rodríguez, Alexandre Pérez-González, Sonia Perez-Castro, Sandra Cortizo-Vidal, Antonio Ocampo, Carmen Potel","doi":"10.1136/sextrans-2025-056524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2025-056524","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the urethral carriage rate of <i>Haemophilus parainfluenzae</i> isolated in men who have sex with men and to describe the clinical characteristics of carriers. We performed an analysis of the resistance determinants, virulence factors and the genetic phylogeny of the isolates.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Clinical data were obtained from 234 patients attending the infectious diseases unit at the Álvaro Cunqueiro Hospital (Vigo, Spain) between 2021 and 2023. <i>H. parainfluenzae</i> isolated in urethral samples was subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole-genome sequencing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The urethral carriage rate was 25%. None of the risk factors studied (received antimicrobial therapy in the previous month, HIV status, Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) use and age) were related to a higher carriage rate. Neither multidrug-resistant (MDR), the presence of a capsule, nor virulence factors were useful to distinguish asymptomatic carriage from acute urethritis (urethral discharge, dysuria, irritation). Nearly half the isolates (48%) met the criteria for MDR. Furthermore, the <i>bla</i> <sub>CTXM-15</sub> gene was found in two isolates that were highly resistant to ceftriaxone (CRO). The other 22 CRO-resistant strains had low minimum inhibitory concentrations and showed alterations in the transpeptidase domain of penicillin-binding protein 3. Moreover, resistance to CRO was high (37%). Most of our urethral strains grouped into one cluster, and this difference was statistically significant when the phylogenetic analysis was performed with samples from different anatomical origins.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The increase in <i>H. parainfluenzae</i> strains isolated in the urethra belonging to only one cluster is worrying. Moreover, the isolation of strains increasingly resistant to different groups of antimicrobials highlights the need for close monitoring of the evolution of resistance and the transmission of these resistant strains in the future. Larger studies should be planned to establish the epidemiological relevance of these difficult-to-treat MDR bacteria.</p>","PeriodicalId":21624,"journal":{"name":"Sexually Transmitted Infections","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144691412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Diagnostic performance of <i>Treponema pallidum</i> particle agglutination tests against electrochemiluminescence immunoassays for the detection of anti-TP antibodies: Evaluation study.","authors":"Tadesse Lejisa, Demiraw Bikila, Chala Bashea, Yosef Tolcha, Mehari Meles, Tigist Getahun, Genet Ashebir, Wossene Habtu, Feyissa Challa, Daniel Melese Desalegn, Adisu Kebede Anbessa, Gonfa Ayana, Habteyes Hailu Tola","doi":"10.1136/sextrans-2024-056298","DOIUrl":"10.1136/sextrans-2024-056298","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Although the burden of syphilis is slightly increasing worldwide, there are a limited number of rapid, simple-to-use, accurate and cost-effective diagnostic tools available. Thus, we aimed to determine the diagnostic performance of the <i>Treponema pallidum</i> particle agglutination (TPPA) test (hereafter called index test) against an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) (hereafter called reference test). We selected the available treponemal reference test (ECLIA) to evaluate the index test (TPPA) which is not currently in use in Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a multicentre cross-sectional study to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the index test against the reference test. We enrolled 581 syphilis-suspected cases from the five selected health facilities in Addis Ababa in this study. We collected data on sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and whole blood from each participant. We estimated the sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values of the index test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 581 participants, 380 (65.4%) were female. The mean age of the participants was 39.7 years (±SD 16.6), with an age range of 18-94 years. The sensitivity of the index test was 99.4% (95% CI 96.4% to 100%), while the specificity was 100%. The positive predictive value of the index test was 100%, and the negative predictive value was 99.8% (95% CI 98.4% to 100%). There was no invalid test result.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The diagnostic performance of TPPA for syphilis was equivalent to that of ECLIA. Thus, TPPA can be used for the diagnosis of syphilis at the health facility level equivalent to a reference test.</p>","PeriodicalId":21624,"journal":{"name":"Sexually Transmitted Infections","volume":" ","pages":"320-324"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143029309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Riccardo Schiavoni, Laura Labate, Matteo Cerchiaro, Raffaella Rosa, Massimo Niccolo, Laura Mezzogori, Lucia Taramasso, Matteo Bassetti, Antonio Di Biagio
{"title":"Ocular presentation of primary syphilis in a man with HIV.","authors":"Riccardo Schiavoni, Laura Labate, Matteo Cerchiaro, Raffaella Rosa, Massimo Niccolo, Laura Mezzogori, Lucia Taramasso, Matteo Bassetti, Antonio Di Biagio","doi":"10.1136/sextrans-2024-056347","DOIUrl":"10.1136/sextrans-2024-056347","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The incidence of syphilis is rising, particularly among men who have sex with men. Ocular involvement, often manifesting as bilateral uveitis, typically occurs in later stages and is more severe and difficult to recognise in individuals living with HIV. We describe the case of a man with HIV infection who presented to our outpatient clinic with vision loss and a cutaneous maculopapular rash.</p>","PeriodicalId":21624,"journal":{"name":"Sexually Transmitted Infections","volume":" ","pages":"338-339"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144058657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Karna Coulibaly, Anne Gosselin, Nicolas Derche, Romain Mbiribindi, Annabel Desgrées du Loû
{"title":"Association between HIV risk perception, knowledge of biomedical prevention and sexual behaviour among sub-Saharan African immigrants living in a precarious situation in France.","authors":"Karna Coulibaly, Anne Gosselin, Nicolas Derche, Romain Mbiribindi, Annabel Desgrées du Loû","doi":"10.1136/sextrans-2024-056392","DOIUrl":"10.1136/sextrans-2024-056392","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Sub-Saharan African immigrants are particularly affected by HIV in France, with many acquiring the infection after migration due to precarious circumstances that increase their vulnerability. This study aimed to explore the association between HIV risk perception, knowledge of biomedical HIV prevention methods and sexual behaviours among sub-Saharan African immigrants living in precarious conditions in the greater Paris area.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study analysed data from 614 participants in the MAKASI project, conducted in the greater Paris area (2019-2020). Sociodemographic characteristics, living conditions, knowledge of biomedical HIV prevention methods (postexposure prophylaxis, treatment as prevention and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP)) and sexual behaviours were described by sex using Pearson's χ<sup>2</sup> tests. HIV risk perception, defined as self-reported exposure to HIV comparable to or greater than the general population, was analysed by participant characteristics. A multivariable logistic regression model identified factors associated with HIV risk perception using variables with a significance threshold of 20%.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most participants (76.5%) were men, with a median age of 34 years (IQR: 29-41) and living in precarious conditions. Forty-one per cent of respondents reported perceiving their HIV exposure risk as comparable to or greater than the general population. Participants aware of PrEP (adjusted OR (aOR) =2.60 (1.17-5.80); p<0.020) and those who had sex with occasional partners without a condom within in the 3 months preceding the survey (aOR=1.89 (1.12-3.18); p<0.017) were more likely to report the same or greater risk of HIV exposure.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings reveal that PrEP knowledge and sex with occasional partners, particularly participants who did not use condoms, are associated with increased HIV risk perception among sub-Saharan African immigrants. Further research should explore the relationship between PrEP uptake and HIV risk perception in this population.</p><p><strong>Trial registration number: </strong>NCT04468724.</p>","PeriodicalId":21624,"journal":{"name":"Sexually Transmitted Infections","volume":" ","pages":"294-300"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143067689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Introducing the first UK national guideline for the use of doxycycline postexposure prophylaxis (doxyPEP) for the prevention of syphilis.","authors":"John Saunders, Helen Fifer, Nicholas Medland","doi":"10.1136/sextrans-2025-056526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2025-056526","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21624,"journal":{"name":"Sexually Transmitted Infections","volume":"101 5","pages":"351-352"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144660101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sexual practices and risk behaviours towards human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among Ecuadorian university students: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Juan Roman, Isabel Hernandez, Mabel Sanchez, Nilda Perez, Silvana Andrade, Verónica Cepeda, Peter Chedraui, Mercedes Flores, Cristian Galarza, Maribel Guerron, Maura Munoz, Héctor Ortega, Esteban Ortiz-Prado, Jhonny Perez, Fabricio Perez, Patricio Romero, Álvaro Ron, Abel Suing, Ximena Acosta-Acuna, Enrique Teran","doi":"10.1136/sextrans-2024-056324","DOIUrl":"10.1136/sextrans-2024-056324","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe the sexual practices and behaviour towards HIV infection among Ecuadorian university students.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a cross-sectional, descriptive study carried out between February 2019 and August 2020 among university students from all over the country. Students aged 18 years and older of each participating institution were contacted by an official email account and invited to fill out a survey through Google Forms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data from a total of 5677 sexually active participants were analysed. The majority were female (57.1%), 48.7% corresponded to the age range 18-20 years and nearly half studied in the field of health. Only 28.5% (n=1612) mentioned having ever been tested for HIV at least once. Regarding sexual behaviour, the vast majority reported having only one partner in the last 2 months. Condom use during the 'last' sexual contact was significantly lower in the never tested group (33.5% vs 43.3%, p<0.0001, respectively). Having a higher number of ever or current sexual partners (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.78 to 1.13) and not using a condom (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.64 to 0.82) were significantly related to having an HIV test performed. More than half of the participants indicated that they took the HIV test as part of their routine control, and nearly half mentioned not taking it because they felt sure they were free of HIV.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Behaviour towards testing for HIV in university students was related to their risky sexual practices and behaviour. Prevention campaigns focused on the general population as well as at-risk populations, including university students, are needed to curb the escalating incidence of HIV in Ecuador.</p>","PeriodicalId":21624,"journal":{"name":"Sexually Transmitted Infections","volume":" ","pages":"307-312"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143029313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Victor Cabelho Passarelli, Flora Goldemberg, Carolina Dos Santos Lázari, Gabriela Gaspar Carnevale, Mateus Vailant Thomazella, Sophia Chamarelli, Danilo Gennari Da Costa, Caroline França Pedrozo, Camila Melo Picone, Angela Carvalho Freitas, Gwenda Hughes, Silvia Figueiredo Costa
{"title":"Antimicrobial resistance and treatment failures in symptomatic and asymptomatic <i>Mycoplasma genitalium</i> infections in São Paulo, Brazil: first evidence from a cross-sectional study of sexual health clinic attendees.","authors":"Victor Cabelho Passarelli, Flora Goldemberg, Carolina Dos Santos Lázari, Gabriela Gaspar Carnevale, Mateus Vailant Thomazella, Sophia Chamarelli, Danilo Gennari Da Costa, Caroline França Pedrozo, Camila Melo Picone, Angela Carvalho Freitas, Gwenda Hughes, Silvia Figueiredo Costa","doi":"10.1136/sextrans-2025-056586","DOIUrl":"10.1136/sextrans-2025-056586","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21624,"journal":{"name":"Sexually Transmitted Infections","volume":" ","pages":"346-348"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144086550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wondimeneh Shiferaw, Beatris Mario Martin, Judith Ann Dean, Kenneth Koh, Deborah Mills, Colleen Lau, Luis Furuya-Kanamori
{"title":"Systematic review exploring the burden of sexually transmissible infections and bloodborne viruses in refugees and asylum seekers: insights to inform policy and practice.","authors":"Wondimeneh Shiferaw, Beatris Mario Martin, Judith Ann Dean, Kenneth Koh, Deborah Mills, Colleen Lau, Luis Furuya-Kanamori","doi":"10.1136/sextrans-2024-056395","DOIUrl":"10.1136/sextrans-2024-056395","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In 2022, the number of refugees and asylum seekers (RAS) have reached an all-time high of 40.7 million globally. The surge in RAS, coupled with their limited access to healthcare (at their home and destination countries), has led to the risk of transmitting/acquiring sexually transmissible infections (STIs) and bloodborne viruses (BBVs). This situation threatens the health of RAS and poses a public health challenge to destination countries, potentially placing a burden on healthcare systems and resources. Healthcare recommendations for screening programmes for RAS vary between countries, leading to disparities in STI/BBV screening practices on arrival. These disparities can impact early detection and treatment of STIs/BBVs, increasing the risk of onward transmission and long-term negative sequelae. Therefore, this systematic review aims to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with STIs/BBVs among RAS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Six databases (ie, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and CINAHL) were searched for observational studies reporting STIs/BBVs prevalence and/or risk factors among RAS. The inverse variance heterogeneity model with double arcsine transformation was applied to prevalence meta-analysis of STIs/BBVs by region of origin of RAS. Narrative data synthesis was undertaken to summarise risk factors associated with STIs/BBVs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 21 studies (n=504 432 RAS) were included. Most studies were conducted among RAS arriving in Europe (n=14), followed by North America (n=5) and Australia (n=2). The highest prevalence of HIV (1.55%; 95% CI 0.53 to 3.04), syphilis (1.29%; 95% CI 0.59 to 2.24) and hepatitis B (6.50%; 95% CI 2.29 to 12.46) were observed among RAS from sub-Saharan Africa. The highest prevalence of hepatitis C was found in RAS from Southeast Asia (3.96%; 95% CI 2.74 to 5.38) and North Africa (3.59%; 95% CI 1.33 to 6.79). The highest prevalence of chlamydia was reported among RAS from the Middle East (1.48%; 95% CI 0.00 to 4.73) and Eastern Europe (1.40%; 95% CI 0.38 to 4.96). History of STIs, torture, blood transfusion and African origin were identified as factors associated with increased prevalence of STIs/BBVs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study underscores the regional disparities in the burden of STIs/BBVs among RAS. These findings highlight the importance of targeted screening for STIs/BBVs based on the country/region of origin and individual risk factors, and implementation of mitigation measures (eg, improving healthcare access and raising awareness) tailored to their unique needs. Such measures are crucial for reducing the impact of STIs/BBVs in both RAS and host countries.</p><p><strong>Prospero registration number: </strong>CRD42024546750.</p>","PeriodicalId":21624,"journal":{"name":"Sexually Transmitted Infections","volume":" ","pages":"325-336"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143503772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}