Science China Information Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Explainable-AI-based two-stage solution for WSN object localization using zero-touch mobile transceivers","authors":"Kai Fang, Junxin Chen, Han Zhu, Thippa Reddy Gadekallu, Xiaoping Wu, Wei Wang","doi":"10.1007/s11432-023-3968-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-023-3968-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Artificial intelligence technology is widely used in the field of wireless sensor networks (WSN). Due to its inexplicability, the interference factors in the process of WSN object localization cannot be effectively eliminated. In this paper, an explainable-AI-based two-stage solution is proposed for WSN object localization. In this solution, mobile transceivers are used to enlarge the positioning range and eliminate the blind area for object localization. The motion parameters of transceivers are considered to be unavailable, and the localization problem is highly nonlinear with respect to the unknown parameters. To address this, an explainable AI model is proposed to solve the localization problem. Since the relationship among the variables is difficult to fully include in the first-stage traditional model, we develop a two-stage explainable AI solution for this localization problem. The two-stage solution is actually a comprehensive consideration of the relationship between variables. The solution can continue to use the constraints unused in the first-stage during the second-stage, thereby improving the performance of the solution. Therefore, the two-stage solution has stronger robustness compared to the closed-form solution. Experimental results show that the performance of both the two-stage solution and the traditional solution will be affected by numerical changes in unknown parameters. However, the two-stage solution performs better than the traditional solution, especially with a small number of mobile transceivers and sensors or in the presence of high noise. Furthermore, we have also verified the feasibility of the proposed explainable-AI-based two-stage solution.</p>","PeriodicalId":21618,"journal":{"name":"Science China Information Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141515953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Learning in games: a systematic review","authors":"Rong-Jun Qin, Yang Yu","doi":"10.1007/s11432-023-3955-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-023-3955-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Game theory studies the mathematical models for self-interested individuals. Nash equilibrium is arguably the most central solution in game theory. While finding the Nash equilibrium in general is known as polynomial parity arguments on directed graphs (PPAD)-complete, learning in games provides an alternative to approximate Nash equilibrium, which iteratively updates the player’s strategy through interactions with other players. Rules and models have been developed for learning in games, such as fictitious play and no-regret learning. Particularly, with recent advances in online learning and deep reinforcement learning, techniques from these fields greatly boost the breakthroughs in learning in games from theory to application. As a result, we have witnessed many superhuman game AI systems. The techniques used in these systems evolve from conventional search and learning to purely reinforcement learning (RL)-style learning methods, gradually getting rid of the domain knowledge. In this article, we systematically review the above techniques, discuss the trend of basic learning rules towards a unified framework, and recap applications in large games. Finally, we discuss some future directions and make the prospect of future game AI systems. We hope this article will give some insights into designing novel approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":21618,"journal":{"name":"Science China Information Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141515955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-path navigation method using solar panel-reflected solar oscillations for Earth satellites","authors":"Yuqing Yang, Haonan Yang, Xiaolin Ning, Weiren Wu, Jiancheng Fang","doi":"10.1007/s11432-023-4064-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-023-4064-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study explores a new navigation method using multi-path solar panel-reflected solar oscillations. Considering the solar panels of BeiDou-3 M1–M24 and GPS satellites as examples, the simulations show that the mean position error of FY-1 using solar panel-reflected solar oscillations is only 20.61 m in 30 days. Compared with the existing autonomous navigation methods for the Earth satellites, the newly proposed method has two advantages. (1) It has the highest navigation accuracy. (2) It does not require any additional accurate geomagnetic map, gravity gradient map, or refraction model. While the proposed method requires at least two atomic frequency discriminators to obtain the measurements and its accuracy is affected by the geometric relationship between the Earth satellite, reflected satellite, and Sun, which are the inherent drawbacks of the method. It is notable that the influence of the relativistic effects on the measurement accuracy needs further research.</p>","PeriodicalId":21618,"journal":{"name":"Science China Information Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141515958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stability analysis and stabilization of semi-Markov jump linear systems with unavailable sojourn-time information","authors":"Xiaotai Wu, Yang Tang, Shuai Mao, Ying Zhao","doi":"10.1007/s11432-023-4065-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-023-4065-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study addresses the stability and stabilization problems of discrete-time semi-Markov jump linear systems (S-MJLSs) with unavailable sojourn-time information. The sojourn-time probability mass functions (S-TPMFs) of discrete-time semi-Markov chains are no longer confined to the geometric distribution, and it is difficult to obtain accurate and comprehensive information for S-TPMFs in practice. This is because S-TPMFs are usually deduced from the statistical characteristics according to the sampled-data, while adequate samples are often costly and time consuming. In this study, when the S-TPMFs for semi-Markov chains are assumed to be unavailable, the <i>σ</i>-error mean square stability is investigated for discrete-time S-MJLSs with some widely used assumptions; for semi-Markov chains, only the transition probability matrix of the embedded chain is used. In addition, the existence conditions of the effective controller are provided for closed-loop systems without using the information of S-TPMFs. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the validity of the obtained theoretical results.</p>","PeriodicalId":21618,"journal":{"name":"Science China Information Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141515963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prescribed time control based on the periodic delayed sliding mode surface without singularities","authors":"Bin Zhou, Yi Ding, Kang-Kang Zhang, Guang-Ren Duan","doi":"10.1007/s11432-023-4052-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-023-4052-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this paper, nonsingular prescribed-time control is studied based on periodic delayed sliding mode surfaces. Different from the existing sliding mode control, where either singularity problems may appear or the convergence time depends on the initial state, the proposed sliding mode control approaches can achieve prescribed-time convergence without singularity. The proposed nonsingular sliding mode control approaches can be applied to both second-order and high-order nonlinear systems with prescribed-time convergence. As applications of the proposed sliding mode control approaches, the control of hypersonic vehicle systems is revisited. Numerical simulations on the nonlinear model of the hypersonic vehicle system show the effectiveness of the proposed methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":21618,"journal":{"name":"Science China Information Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141515957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Channel modeling for MI-based wireless underground sensor networks with conductive objects","authors":"Shuhan Deng, Guanghua Liu, Ziwei Chen, Huaijin Zhang, Tao Jiang","doi":"10.1007/s11432-023-4024-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-023-4024-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We develop a comprehensive and accurate channel model forMI-WUSNs by taking into account the impact of multiple conductive objects located in different positions. The mathematical expressions for mutual inductance and received power are rigorously derived for each case. Extensive experimental results have verified our theory. Hence, this paper provides a solid foundation for subsequent system design for MI-WUSNs.</p>","PeriodicalId":21618,"journal":{"name":"Science China Information Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141515959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scenarios analysis and performance assessment of blockchain integrated in 6G scenarios","authors":"Bo Li, Guanjie Cheng, Honghao Gao, Xueqiang Yan, Shuiguang Deng","doi":"10.1007/s11432-023-4054-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-023-4054-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Emerging applications such as smart city infrastructures and virtual reality landscapes are setting rigorous benchmarks for 6G mobile networks, requiring elevated levels of confidentiality, integrity, non-repudiation, authentication, and stringent access controls. Blockchain technology is heralded as a transformative enabler for meeting 6G standards, owing to its intrinsic attributes. However, a gap exists in the holistic investigation of blockchain’s applicability in 6G realms, particularly addressing the “whether”, “when”, and “how” of its deployment. Present research trails in developing robust methodologies to gauge blockchain’s efficacy within 6G use cases. Addressing this, our study introduces a novel confluence of blockchain with 6G networks, where data resides in distributed Hash tables (DHTs) while their hashes are secured in distributed ledger technology (DLT), harnessing blockchain’s core strengths-immutability, traceability, and fortified security. We delineate seven specific 6G use cases poised for enhancement through blockchain integration, and scrutinize the rationale, nature, and timing of this convergence. Furthermore, we devise a comprehensive methodology for assessing blockchain’s performance metrics and scalability in 6G environments. Our extensive experimental analyses evaluate the synergistic performance of this integration, revealing that the Quorum blockchain satisfactorily supports 80% of 6G scenarios. The findings suggest that, with appropriate configurations, consortium blockchains are well-equipped to fulfill the demanding performance and scalability requisites of 6G networks.</p>","PeriodicalId":21618,"journal":{"name":"Science China Information Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141515961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptive 5G-and-beyond network-enabled interpretable federated learning enhanced by neuroevolution","authors":"Bin Cao, Jianwei Zhao, Xin Liu, Yun Li","doi":"10.1007/s11432-023-4011-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-023-4011-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mobile telemedicine systems based on the next-generation communication will significantly enhance deep fusion of network automation and federated learning (FL), but data privacy is a paramount issue in sectors like healthcare. This work hence considers FL augments 5G-and-beyond networks by training deep learning (DL) models without the need to exchange raw data. The substantial communication loads imposed on by extensive parameters involved in DL models are managed through adaptive scheduling mechanisms effectively. To address the opaque nature of DL models and to improve the interpretability of FL models, we introduce a convolutional fuzzy rough neural network specifically designed for medical image processing. We also develop a multiobjective memetic evolutionary algorithm to streamline and optimize the neural network architectures. Our comprehensive FL framework integrates smart scheduling, interpretable fuzzy rough logic, and neuroevolution. This framework is shown to improve communication efficiency, increase interpretability of diagnosis with protected privacy, and generate low-complexity neural architectures.</p>","PeriodicalId":21618,"journal":{"name":"Science China Information Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141515962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of double protograph LDPC codes based JSCC systems via the ACE-PEG algorithm","authors":"Yijie Lv, Jiguang He, Shaohua Hong","doi":"10.1007/s11432-024-4074-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-024-4074-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this work, a novel design method of DP-LDPC codes for the JSCC system via the ACE-PEG algorithm has been proposed. The designed base matrix contains more higher-degree VNs than the conventional ones, and thus increases the amount of message between the cycles and/or stopping sets and the remaining part of the Tanner graph via the ACE-PEG algorithm. Simulation results have demonstrated that the proposed design approach of DP-LDPC codes obtains significant performance enhancement in both waterfall and error-floor regions compared to the selected benchmark schemes from the latest literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":21618,"journal":{"name":"Science China Information Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141515960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"XRL-SHAP-Cache: an explainable reinforcement learning approach for intelligent edge service caching in content delivery networks","authors":"Xiaolong Xu, Fan Wu, Muhammad Bilal, Xiaoyu Xia, Wanchun Dou, Lina Yao, Weiyi Zhong","doi":"10.1007/s11432-023-3987-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-023-3987-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Content delivery networks (CDNs) play a pivotal role in the modern internet infrastructure by enabling efficient content delivery across diverse geographical regions. As an essential component of CDNs, the edge caching scheme directly influences the user experience by determining the caching and eviction of content on edge servers. With the emergence of 5G technology, traditional caching schemes have faced challenges in adapting to increasingly complex and dynamic network environments. Consequently, deep reinforcement learning (DRL) offers a promising solution for intelligent zero-touch network governance. However, the black-box nature of DRL models poses challenges in understanding and making trusting decisions. In this paper, we propose an explainable reinforcement learning (XRL)-based intelligent edge service caching approach, namely XRL-SHAP-Cache, which combines DRL with an explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) technique for cache management in CDNs. Instead of focusing solely on achieving performance gains, this study introduces a novel paradigm for providing interpretable caching strategies, thereby establishing a foundation for future transparent and trustworthy edge caching solutions. Specifically, a multi-level cache scheduling framework for CDNs was formulated theoretically, with the D3QN-based caching scheme serving as the targeted interpretable model. Subsequently, by integrating Deep-SHAP into our framework, the contribution of each state input feature to the agent’s Q-value output was calculated, thereby providing valuable insights into the decision-making process. The proposed XRL-SHAP-Cache approach was evaluated through extensive experiments to demonstrate the behavior of the scheduling agent in the face of different environmental inputs. The results demonstrate its strong explainability under various real-life scenarios while maintaining superior performance compared to traditional caching schemes in terms of cache hit ratio, quality of service (QoS), and space utilization.</p>","PeriodicalId":21618,"journal":{"name":"Science China Information Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141502709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}