Scoliosis and Spinal Disorders最新文献

{"title":"Utilization trends of pedicle subtraction osteotomies compared to posterior spinal fusion for deformity: a national database analysis between 2008-2011.","authors":"Jeffrey L Gum,&nbsp;Leah Y Carreon,&nbsp;Jacob M Buchowski,&nbsp;Lawrence G Lenke,&nbsp;Steven D Glassman","doi":"10.1186/s13013-016-0081-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13013-016-0081-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Increased awareness regarding the importance of the sagittal spinal profile has led to more aggressive correction of sagittal malalignment. The utilization trends of pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO) for sagittal plane correction in spinal deformity surgery have not been well characterized.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A commercially available database (PearlDiver, Inc) was queried for both Private Payor and 5 % Medicare claims from 2008 to 2011. Revision and clarification of the coding guidelines for PSO were introduced in 2008. Patients who had a thoracic and/or lumbar PSO were identified using CPT codes (22206-22208). In order to appropriately interpret trends in PSO use, three comparison groups were identified. Patients who had a diagnosis of adult spine deformity were identified using ICD-9 codes. Patients who had fusion for spine deformity or posterior spine fusion were identified using CPT codes. Differences in annual utilization and demographics between these four groups were then compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From the Private Payor database, 199 PSOs were identified with the number of PSOs increasing from 33 in 2008, to 61 in 2011, representing a 185 % increase. From the Medicare data, 102 PSOs were identified, increasing from 13 in 2008 to 32 in 2011, a 246 % increase. In contrast, from both databases, there was minimal to no increase in the incidence of adult spine deformity, fusion for spine deformity or posterior spine fusion over the study time interval.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Over the study time interval, there was up to a 3.2-fold increase in the utilization of PSOs while the diagnosis of adult spine deformity, fusion for spine deformity and posterior spine fusions had minimal to no increase.</p>","PeriodicalId":21573,"journal":{"name":"Scoliosis and Spinal Disorders","volume":"11 1","pages":"25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s13013-016-0081-z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34369380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trunk appearance perception scale for physicians (TAPS-Phy) - a valid and reliable tool to rate trunk deformity in idiopathic scoliosis.","authors":"Antonia Matamalas,&nbsp;Elisabetta D'Agata,&nbsp;Judith Sanchez-Raya,&nbsp;Juan Bago","doi":"10.1186/s13013-016-0085-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13013-016-0085-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Evaluation of trunk deformity by physicians in patients with idiopathic scoliosis (IS) has been considered an important part of clinical practice. Different methods to quantify the severity of trunk deformity by external observation have been reported. A valid tool to evaluate patients' perception of trunk deformity, the Trunk Appearance Perception Scale (TAPS), is hereby validated for use by physicians (TAPS-Phy).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cross-sectional study of patients with non-surgically treated IS. Patients were prospectively recruited. On the day of the visit, a posterior-anterior radiograph in standard position and clinical photographs in three different views (anterior, posterior and forward bending position) were obtained. Patients also completed a TAPS questionnaire (TAPS-Pat). Three different observers scored the TAPS questionnaire (TAPS-Phy), based on the digital photographs previously obtained, twice a week. The angle of trunk inclination (ATRI) was also measured on digital photographs. Inter and intra-rater reliability was calculated through weighted kappa coefficient. External validity was tested by the Spearman correlation coefficient between the TAPS-Phy score and the scoliosis magnitude determined using the magnitude of the largest curve (MLC), ATRI, and TAPS-Pat.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty two patients (46 women; mean age 16.6 years) were included. The average curve magnitude of the major curve was 44°. Mean scores of TAPS-Phy for the three evaluators ranged from 3.4 to 3.5. No differences between the three means were found. TAPS-Phy showed good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha coefficient 0.84). Inter-observer reliability ranged from slight to substantial (0.14 to 0.63); intra-observer reliability ranged from 0.35 to 0.99. Correlation between TAPS-Phy and ATRI (r = -0.54 to -0.75), MLC (r = -0.47 to -0.6) and TAPS-Pat (r = 0.29 to 0.34) were statistically significant (p < 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>TAPS-Phy is a valid and reliable scale to rate a physician's impression of the severity of the deformity in patients with idiopathic scoliosis and can be useful in routine clinical records.</p>","PeriodicalId":21573,"journal":{"name":"Scoliosis and Spinal Disorders","volume":"11 ","pages":"24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s13013-016-0085-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34696312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An exploration of information exchange by adolescents and parents participating in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis online support groups.","authors":"Traci Schwieger,&nbsp;Shelly Campo,&nbsp;Keli R Steuber,&nbsp;Stuart L Weinstein,&nbsp;Sato Ashida","doi":"10.1186/s13013-016-0084-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13013-016-0084-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Research indicates that healthcare providers frequently fail to adequately address patients' health information needs. Therefore, it is not surprising that patients or parents of a sick child are seeking health information on the internet, in particular in online support groups (OSGs). In order to improve our understanding of the unmet health information needs of families dealing with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), this study assessed and compared the types of information that adolescents and parents are seeking in OSGs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study used two publicly accessible AIS-related OSGs on the National Scoliosis Foundation (NSF) website that targeted those who are receiving brace treatment and those under observation without treatment. Information exchanges were coded as providing or seeking information. Types of information being exchanged were categorized into several AIS-specific and brace-specific categories. Through a review of over 8,000 messages, 305 adolescents with AIS and 300 parents of a child with AIS were identified and categorized based on stage of illness/treatment. One message from each individual was randomly selected and coded for analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were significantly more (p < 0.001) parents that had a recently diagnosed child compared to recently diagnosed adolescents participating in the AIS-related OSGs, whereas there were significantly more (p = 0.004) adolescents that experienced brace treatment compared to parents of a child that experienced brace treatment. The most frequent information exchanged by adolescents and parents was AIS-related concerns regarding causes, diagnosis, and progression of the condition. However, compared to adolescents, parents exchanged this AIS-related information significantly more (p < .001) in their posts. Finally, compared to parents, adolescents exchanged significantly more information about appearance-related concerns regarding both AIS-related deformity (p < 0.002) and wearing a brace (p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Families dealing with AIS are participating in OSGs to exchange information, in particular information related to the condition and to treatment. This study found similarities and differences regarding how information was exchanged (providing or seeking) and regarding frequency and types of information exchanged. Knowledge of these similarities and differences may be useful for improving health communication in the healthcare setting, at home, and for development and improvement of AIS-related website support.</p>","PeriodicalId":21573,"journal":{"name":"Scoliosis and Spinal Disorders","volume":"11 ","pages":"22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s13013-016-0084-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34326172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rate of lumbar paravertebral muscle fat infiltration versus spinal degeneration in asymptomatic populations: an age-aggregated cross-sectional simulation study.","authors":"Rebecca J Crawford,&nbsp;Thomas Volken,&nbsp;Stephanie Valentin,&nbsp;Markus Melloh,&nbsp;James M Elliott","doi":"10.1186/s13013-016-0080-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13013-016-0080-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The spinal column including its vertebrae and disks has been well examined and extensively reported in relation to age-aggregated degeneration. In contrast, paravertebral muscles are poorly represented in describing normative degeneration. Increasing evidence points to the importance of paravertebral muscle quality in low back health, and their potential as a modifiable factor in low back pain (LBP). Studies examining normative decline of paravertebral muscles are needed to advance the field's etiological understanding. With a novel approach and based on published data, we establish and compare decline rates of imaging features for degeneration of lumbar vertebrae and disks, versus fatty infiltration in paravertebral muscles in asymptomatic adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Our cross-sectional simulation study examined age-aggregated data from three published studies who reported on asymptomatic adults spanning 18-60 years. Prevalence rates of imaging degenerative features of the spinal column were examined via logistic regression and compared with percentage fatty infiltration in erector spinae, multifidus and psoas using synthetic data and Monte Carlo simulation with 10,000 endpoint-specific regression iterations. General linear regression models were employed to estimate marginal effects of age reported as a one-year change rate (with 95 % confidence intervals) for comparisons between all reported spinal features.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Declines in multifidus (0.24 & 0.11 %/year), erector spinae (0.13 & 0.07 %/year), and psoas (0.04 %/year) occur at similarly slow rates to disk protrusion (0.25 %/year), annular fissure (0.15 %/year), and spondylolisthesis (0.29 %/year). Multifidus showed a trend for faster decline than erector spinae, particularly in men. Of the features examined, disk signal loss declined fastest, and psoas muscle the slowest.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Degeneration of lumbar paravertebral muscles occurs slowly in asymptomatic adults, with a tendency to be most pronounced in multifidus. Rate of decline of spinal structures represents a novel variable that warrants inclusion as a known feature of the expected degenerative cascade, and to provide a basis for comparison to diseases of the spine in research and clinical practice. Concurrent examination of spinal features using advanced imaging to improve muscle analysis would be a strong addition to the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":21573,"journal":{"name":"Scoliosis and Spinal Disorders","volume":"11 ","pages":"21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s13013-016-0080-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34317946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychometric validation of the EuroQoL 5-Dimension 5-Level (EQ-5D-5L) in Chinese patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.","authors":"Prudence Wing Hang Cheung,&nbsp;Carlos King Ho Wong,&nbsp;Dino Samartzis,&nbsp;Keith Dip Kei Luk,&nbsp;Cindy Lo Kuen Lam,&nbsp;Kenneth Man Chee Cheung,&nbsp;Jason Pui Yin Cheung","doi":"10.1186/s13013-016-0083-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13013-016-0083-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Scoliosis is a common spinal deformity that occurs often during adolescence. Previous studies suggested that adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients can have various aspects of their lives being affected, due to disease presentation and/or treatment received. It is important to define a reliable instrument based on which the affected patients' health-related quality of life can be assessed. This study aims to assess the validity, reliability and sensitivity of the EuroQoL 5-dimension 5-level (EQ-5D-5L) in Chinese patients with AIS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients of Chinese descent were prospectively recruited to complete both the traditional Chinese versions of the EQ-5D-5L and the refined Scoliosis Research Society-22 (SRS-22r) questionnaires. Patients' demographic profiles and corresponding clinical parameters including treatment modalities, spinal curve pattern and magnitude, and duration of bracing were recorded. Telephone interviews were then conducted at least two weeks later for the assessment of test-retest reliability. Statistical analysis was performed: construct validity of the EQ-5D-5L domains were assessed using Spearman's correlation test against the SRS-22r; whereas intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to assess the test-retest reliability, and agreement over the test-retest period was expressed in percentages. Also, the sensitivity of the EQ-5D-5L in differentiating various clinical known groups was determined by effect size, independent t-test and analysis of variance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 227 AIS patients were recruited. Scores of domains of the EQ-5D-5L correlated significantly (r: 0.57-0.74) with the scores of the SRS-22r domains that were intended to measure similar constructs, supporting construct validity. The EQ-5D-5L domain responses and utility scores showed good test-retest reliability (ICC: 0.777; agreement: 76.4 -98.1 %). Internal consistency was good (Cronbach's α: 0.78) for the EQ-5D-5L utility score. The EQ-5D-5L utility score was sensitive in detecting differences between subjects who had different treatment modalities and bracing duration, but not for curve pattern and its magnitude.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The EQ-5D-5L is found to be a valid, reliable and sensitive measure to assess the health-related quality of life in Chinese AIS patients. This potentiates the possibility of utilizing the EQ-5D-5L to estimate AIS patients' health-related quality of life, based on which the outcome of various treatment options can eventually be evaluated.</p>","PeriodicalId":21573,"journal":{"name":"Scoliosis and Spinal Disorders","volume":"11 ","pages":"19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s13013-016-0083-x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34308213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiotherapy scoliosis-specific exercises - a comprehensive review of seven major schools.","authors":"Hagit Berdishevsky, Victoria Ashley Lebel, Josette Bettany-Saltikov, Manuel Rigo, Andrea Lebel, Axel Hennes, Michele Romano, Marianna Białek, Andrzej M'hango, Tony Betts, Jean Claude de Mauroy, Jacek Durmala","doi":"10.1186/s13013-016-0076-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13013-016-0076-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent decades, there has been a call for change among all stakeholders involved in scoliosis management. Parents of children with scoliosis have complained about the so-called \"wait and see\" approach that far too many doctors use when evaluating children's scoliosis curves between 10° and 25°. Observation, Physiotherapy Scoliosis Specific Exercises (PSSE) and bracing for idiopathic scoliosis during growth are all therapeutic interventions accepted by the 2011 International Society on Scoliosis Orthopaedic and Rehabilitation Treatment (SOSORT). The standard features of these interventions are: 1) 3-dimension self-correction; 2) Training activities of daily living (ADL); and 3) Stabilization of the corrected posture. PSSE is part of a scoliosis care model that includes scoliosis specific education, scoliosis specific physical therapy exercises, observation or surveillance, psychological support and intervention, bracing and surgery. The model is oriented to the patient. Diagnosis and patient evaluation is essential in this model looking at a patient-oriented decision according to clinical experience, scientific evidence and patient's preference. Thus, specific exercises are not considered as an alternative to bracing or surgery but as a therapeutic intervention, which can be used alone or in combination with bracing or surgery according to individual indication. In the PSSE model it is recommended that the physical therapist work as part of a multidisciplinary team including the orthopeadic doctor, the orthotist, and the mental health care provider - all are according to the SOSORT guidelines and Scoliosis Research Society (SRS) philosophy. From clinical experiences, PSSE can temporarily stabilize progressive scoliosis curves during the secondary period of progression, more than a year after passing the peak of growth. In non-progressive scoliosis, the regular practice of PSSE could produce a temporary and significant reduction of the Cobb angle. PSSE can also produce benefits in subjects with scoliosis other than reducing the Cobb angle, like improving back asymmetry, based on 3D self-correction and stabilization of a stable 3D corrected posture, as well as the secondary muscle imbalance and related pain. In more severe cases of thoracic scoliosis, it can also improve breathing function. This paper will discuss in detail seven major scoliosis schools and their approaches to PSSE, including their bracing techniques and scientific evidence. The aim of this paper is to understand and learn about the different international treatment methods so that physical therapists can incorporate the best from each into their own practices, and in that way attempt to improve the conservative management of patients with idiopathic scoliosis. These schools are presented in the historical order in which they were developed. They include the Lyon approach from France, the Katharina Schroth Asklepios approach from Germany, the Scientific Exercise Approach to","PeriodicalId":21573,"journal":{"name":"Scoliosis and Spinal Disorders","volume":"11 ","pages":"20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4973373/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34308214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adolescents with and without idiopathic scoliosis have similar self-reported level of physical activity: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Elias Diarbakerli,&nbsp;Anna Grauers,&nbsp;Hans Möller,&nbsp;Allan Abbott,&nbsp;Paul Gerdhem","doi":"10.1186/s13013-016-0082-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13013-016-0082-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Little is known about physical activity levels in individuals with idiopathic scoliosis. The aim of this study was to describe the level of physical activity in adolescents with and without idiopathic scoliosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two hundred thirty-nine adolescents, median (25th, 75th percentile) age 16.0 (14.4, 17.6) with idiopathic scoliosis and 58 randomly recruited population-based individuals without scoliosis aged 14.6 (12.8, 16.3) participated. The 239 idiopathic scoliosis patients consisted of 88 untreated, 43 previously braced, 36 with ongoing brace-treatment and 72 surgically treated individuals. Main outcome measure was the proportion achieving at least moderate activity level, as estimated by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire short form (IPAQ-SF). Other outcome measures were Metabolic Equivalent Task (MET) minutes/week, time spent sitting, spare time activity level and sporting activities. Statistical analyses were adjusted for age and sex.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The proportion of individuals with scoliosis with moderate activity level was 180 out of 239 (75 %) and for individuals without scoliosis 49 out of 58 (85 %) (p = 0.14). Median MET-minutes/week (25th,75th percentile) was for individuals with scoliosis scoliosis 1977 (840,3777) and for individuals without scoliosis 2120 (887,4598) (p = 0.11). Sporting activities did not differ (p = 0.28). The ongoing brace-treatment group had a significantly higher proportion of individuals categorizing themselves at high spare time activity level compared to the surgically treated and previously braced individuals (p = 0.046). No difference was seen between the treatment groups regarding the proportion achieving moderate activity (p = 0.11) and sporting activities (p = 0.20). Median MET minutes/week was 2160 (794,3797) for the untreated group, 989 (661,2706) for the previously braced group, 2055 (1010, 4026) for the surgery group and 2106 (990,4480) for the ongoing brace-treatment group (p = 0.031).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis show similar levels of self-reported physical activity as individuals without idiopathic scoliosis. Bracing and surgery do not appear to inhibit physical activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":21573,"journal":{"name":"Scoliosis and Spinal Disorders","volume":"11 ","pages":"17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s13013-016-0082-y","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34328483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fifteen to twenty-five year functional outcomes of twenty-two patients treated with posterior Cotrel-Dubousset type instrumentation: a limited but detailed review of outcomes.","authors":"William F Lavelle,&nbsp;Andy A Beltran,&nbsp;Allen L Carl,&nbsp;Richard L Uhl,&nbsp;Khalid Hesham,&nbsp;Stephen A Albanese","doi":"10.1186/s13013-016-0079-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13013-016-0079-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Long-term outcomes of patients undergoing extensive fusions for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) have conflicting results. Moskowitz found uninstrumented scoliosis fusion patients had similar back pain as a normal age matched population. Recently, long-term outcomes of patients with Harrington rod instrumentation were reviewed and found similar functional outcome scores to non-scoliosis patients, with trending toward worse outcomes when fusions extended to L4. Our study examined long-term functional outcomes of patients treated with Cotrel-Dubousset (CD) instrumentation and determined whether distal level of instrumented fusion (L4 and L5) correlate with increased back pain or lower functional level.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective review of AIS surgeries from 1986 to 1996 was undertaken. Patient demographics and surgical data were collected via case-note audit. Patients were contacted and asked to complete a series of functional outcome questionnaires including visual analog scales (VAS) for pain, Short-Form 36 (SF-36), Scoliosis Research Society 22 (SRS-22) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) for function. ANOVA technique categorically compared outcome scores to most distal levels of fusion. Linear regression compared patient reported outcomes to time elapsed since surgery. Statistical significance was p < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One hundred twelve patients were identified, 50 patients were contacted, and 22 agreed to participation and completed a full assessment. Follow-up time since surgery ranged from 15 to 26 years and age ranged from 30 to 43 years. Six patients reported daily VAS back pain of ≥5; with a mean of 2.5. Back pain was not associated with level of distal fusion (p = 0.92). ODI was 15.36, with six patients' ODI >20. No relationship was shown between ODI and distal level of fusion (p = 0.72). SF-36 and SRS 22 values were also not related to distal level of instrumentation. Patient reported VAS back pain scores (r(2) = 0.18, p = 0.05), ODI (r(2) = 0.09, p = 0.17), and SF-36 and SRS-22 were not worse in patients with longer follow-up over time. Back pain and certain functional score subcategories of the SF-36 and SRS-22 trended toward improved results over time.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Most patients who underwent multi-segment spinal fixation appeared to do well long-term, with minimal back pain. Lowest instrumented segment did not appear to be associated with increased back pain after 15 to 25 years follow-up.</p>","PeriodicalId":21573,"journal":{"name":"Scoliosis and Spinal Disorders","volume":"11 ","pages":"18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s13013-016-0079-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34328484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum to: The use of growth standards and corrective formulae to calculate the height loss caused by idiopathic scoliosis.","authors":"Adrian Gardner,&nbsp;Anna Price,&nbsp;Fiona Berryman,&nbsp;Paul Pynsent","doi":"10.1186/s13013-016-0078-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13013-016-0078-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s13013-016-0068-9.]. </p>","PeriodicalId":21573,"journal":{"name":"Scoliosis and Spinal Disorders","volume":"11 ","pages":"16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s13013-016-0078-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34597738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: current concepts on neurological and muscular etiologies.","authors":"Marcelo Wajchenberg, Nelson Astur, Michel Kanas, Délio Eulálio Martins","doi":"10.1186/s13013-016-0066-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13013-016-0066-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a frequent disease but its etiology remains unknown. Gender prevalence in females is already known and there are many suggested hypotheses to explain its origin and manifestation, like associated neurologic, muscular and connective tissue disorders. Literature reports have tried to analyze disease prevalence in selected populations, possible ways of inheritance, related genes location and their polymorphisms, which may play a role in the development of the deformity. The purpose of this paper is to review and update concepts on the origin and genetic influence on AIS. </p>","PeriodicalId":21573,"journal":{"name":"Scoliosis and Spinal Disorders","volume":"11 ","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s13013-016-0066-y","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34684226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}