ScienceOpen Posters最新文献

{"title":"Role of Vitamin D in Prevention of Chronic Diseases","authors":"S. Khanam","doi":"10.14293/s2199-1006.1.sor-.ppjnwpo.v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14293/s2199-1006.1.sor-.ppjnwpo.v1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Vitamin D is one of the essential nutrients to sustain the human health. Vitamin D functions in the body through both an \u0000 endocrine mechanism (regulation of calcium absorption) and an \u0000 autocrine mechanism (facilitation of gene expression). The role of Vitamin D deficiency in increasing the risk factor of many common and serious \u0000 chronic diseases, including \u0000 cancers, \u0000 type 1 diabetes, \u0000 cardiovascular disease and \u0000 osteoporosis. Numerous epidemiologic studies suggest that \u0000 exposure to sunlight, which enhances the production of Vitamin D₃ in the skin, is important in preventing many chronic diseases. \u0000 25(OH)D (25-hydrovitamin D) is the \u0000 metabolite that should be measured in the blood to determine Vitamin D status. 25(OH)D deficiency is \u0000 prevalent in infants who are solely breastfed and \u0000 who do not receive Vitamin D₃ \u0000 \u0000 supplementation and in \u0000 adults of all ages who have \u0000 increased skin pigmentation or who always wear sun protection or limit their outdoor activities. It is therefore necessary to know the adverse health effects of 25(OH)D deficiency and to \u0000 design intervention and \u0000 early treatments for those who are likely to have low levels of 25(OH)D.","PeriodicalId":21568,"journal":{"name":"ScienceOpen Posters","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80978082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ROLE OF INSULIN IN BRAIN: DELVE INTO THE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS","authors":"S. Khanam","doi":"10.14293/s2199-1006.1.sor-.ppkjzat.v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14293/s2199-1006.1.sor-.ppkjzat.v1","url":null,"abstract":"We have learned over the last several decades that the brain is an important target for insulin action. In central nervous system (CNS) it mainly affects feeding behaviour and various aspects of memory and cognition. Insulin signalling in CNS has emerged as a novel field of research since decreases brain insulin levels and signalling were associated to impaired learning, memory and age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Alterations of these functional activities may contribute to the manifestation of several clinical entities, such as central insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). A close alliance between T2DM and AD has been reported, to the extent that AD is twice more frequent in diabetic patients. There are links between T2DM and AD through mitochondrial alterations and oxidative stress, altered energy and glucose metabolism, cholesterol modifications, dysfunctional protein O-GlcNAcylation, formation of amyloid plaques, altered Aβ metabolism and tau hyperphosphorylation. Herewith, we aim to integrate the metabolic, neuromodulatory, and neuroprotective roles of insulin in two age-related pathologies: T2DM and AD, both in terms of intracellular signalling and potential therapeutic approach.","PeriodicalId":21568,"journal":{"name":"ScienceOpen Posters","volume":"125 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91471754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case of septic shock which postmortem pathological autopsy revealed bacterial myocardial abscess","authors":"T. Tamai","doi":"10.14293/S2199-1006.1.SOR-.PPLGPEY.V1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14293/S2199-1006.1.SOR-.PPLGPEY.V1","url":null,"abstract":"Background and purpose: The myocardial abscess is a scarce condition, but it is significant due to its high mortality. We aimed to seek insight into myocardial abscess by presenting a case report.\u0000 Methods: A 73 years old male was emergently transferred to our hospital with disorientation and hypotension. He had a past medical history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, and calculous cholecystitis. He had complained of lumbago since 1 week before arrival at our hospital. We diagnosed him with septic shock due to pyogenic spondylitis and psoas abscess by the laboratory and imaging findings. We could not find abnormality in his cardiac status of echocardiography. Despite the treatment, his condition worsened rapidly, and he died after 24 hours of arrival. We performed a postmortem pathological autopsy, which revealed the condition of myocardial abscesses. We examined medical literature about a myocardial abscess.\u0000 Results: According to a previous treatise, pyogenic spondylitis was reported as a causative disease of the myocardial abscess to the same extent as infective endocarditis. Bacterial myocarditis may lead to decreased cardiac function and arrhythmias. Our case did not show cardiac asynergy, decreased cardiac function, and sudden fatal arrhythmias during the course. We thought that the myocardial abscess was due to a hematogenous metastasis from the pyogenic spondylitis. And we thought the direct cause of death was septic shock, not the myocardial abscess.\u0000 Conclusions: We experienced a fatal septic shock case that revealed myocardial abscess by the postmortem pathological autopsy. It is possible that we cannot notice the existence of myocardial abscess without a pathological autopsy.","PeriodicalId":21568,"journal":{"name":"ScienceOpen Posters","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87006378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glucose biosensors for Diabetes Mellitus management","authors":"Ankit Majie","doi":"10.14293/S2199-1006.1.SOR-.PPL0VKR.V1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14293/S2199-1006.1.SOR-.PPL0VKR.V1","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes mellitus is one of the common endocrine disorder of the recent times with\u0000 increasing mortality and morbidity worldwide. Blood glucose monitoring is one of the\u0000 essential methods of management of Diabetes Mellitus. The use of biosensors in blood\u0000 glucose monitoring is now becoming one of the essential tools. The development and\u0000 improvement of devices such as continuous glucose monitoring and non-invasive glucose\u0000 monitoring system has led to the ease of blood glucose monitoring. The three main\u0000 components of the device include the biological recognition element, transducer and\u0000 a signal processing system. Currently most of the glucose biosensors are of the electrochemical\u0000 type which has better sensitivity and better reproducibility. The glucose measurement\u0000 is mostly based on the interaction with one of the three enzymes, glucose oxidase\u0000 (GOx), hexokinase and glucose-1-dehydrogenase (GDH) and the product is quantified\u0000 by the processing system. Self-assessment through glucose biosensors is becoming cost\u0000 effective with increasing patient compliance as it is decreasing the need for expensive\u0000 laboratory tests. Moreover, the evolution Saliva Glucose Biosensors where blood glucose\u0000 can be easily recorded through smartphones are now in trending. The major challenges\u0000 are maintaining the precision and accuracy of the biosensors, standardization, continuous\u0000 assessment and training of the lay users.","PeriodicalId":21568,"journal":{"name":"ScienceOpen Posters","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85898619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"rDEBtktd, an R-package for analysis and forward-prediction of sublethal effects","authors":"Marie Trijau, Benoit Goussen, André Gergs, S. Charles","doi":"10.14293/S2199-1006.1.SOR-.PPJ7LB5.V1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14293/S2199-1006.1.SOR-.PPJ7LB5.V1","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA) of chemicals is based on standard laboratory toxicity\u0000 tests with living organisms which ensure controlled experimental conditions and reproducibility.\u0000 These toxicity tests are usually carried out under constant exposure concentrations,\u0000 which can be far from reality of environmental exposure regimes as foreseen by the\u0000 practical use of chemicals. In that respect mechanistic effect modelling, such as\u0000 Toxicokinectic – Toxicodynamic (TKTD) modelling, has recently been playing an increasing\u0000 role in the extrapolation of effects from constant controlled exposure conditions\u0000 to time-variable exposure, closer to real environmental conditions. Among TKTD models,\u0000 models based on the Dynamic Energy Budget theory adapted for ecotoxicology (DEB-TKTD\u0000 models) offer a comprehensive framework to analyse and extrapolate sublethal effects\u0000 (growth and reproduction) of chemicals on individual organisms across their whole\u0000 life cycle. While the EFSA Scientific Opinion on the state of the art of TKTD effect\u0000 models (EFSA PPR, 2018. EFSA Journal;16(8):5377) considers DEB-TKTD models as valuable\u0000 tools for ERA, their full acceptance by stake-holders still requires the development\u0000 of standardized and user-friendly tools. To bridge this gap, we developed ready-to-use\u0000 functions within a new R package “rDEBtktd”. This package takes advantage of the general\u0000 Bayesian framework thus enabling the estimation of probability distributions for physiological\u0000 DEB parameters and TKTD parameters, from which uncertainties can be easily quantified\u0000 to be then propagated to forward-predictions for untested time-variable exposure scenarios.\u0000 The physiological part of the DEB-TKTD model we implemented follows the original definition\u0000 of the DEB model, which allows using the parameter values available for more than\u0000 1000 species in the Add-my-Pet database as prior information for the Bayesian inference\u0000 process. This poster illustrates: (1) how to simply simultaneously estimate all the\u0000 parameters of the DEB-TKTD model from one or several growth and reproduction datasets,\u0000 (2) how to produce informative summaries to assess the results of the Bayesian inference\u0000 and check all goodness-of-fit criteria, (3) how to make growth and reproduction predictions\u0000 for untested time-variable exposure scenarios, (4) and finally the influence of both\u0000 data quantity and design on the precision of parameter estimates. Environmental Risk\u0000 Assessment (ERA) of chemicals is based on standard laboratory toxicity tests with\u0000 living organisms which ensure controlled experimental conditions and reproducibility.\u0000 These toxicity tests are usually carried out under constant exposure concentrations,\u0000 which can be far from reality of environmental exposure regimes as foreseen by the\u0000 practical use of chemicals. In that respect mechanistic effect modelling, such as\u0000 Toxicokinectic – Toxicodynamic (TKTD) modelling, has recently been playing an increasing\u0000 role in the extrapolat","PeriodicalId":21568,"journal":{"name":"ScienceOpen Posters","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73011298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overview of the Emergency Department of Internal Medicine of the HUEH during the months of April and May 2021","authors":"Axler Jean Paul, Ansly Jefferson Desravines, R. Roche, Arens Jean Ricardo Medeus, Andre Wislet","doi":"10.14293/S2199-1006.1.SOR-.PPGFWCZ.V1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14293/S2199-1006.1.SOR-.PPGFWCZ.V1","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction\u0000 This is a simple descriptive analysis of cases received in the Internal Medicine Department\u0000 of the HUEH during our visit. The objective is to present the demographic characteristics\u0000 of the main diagnoses.\u0000 Methodology\u0000 The data were revealed from the emergency book and the period considered was from\u0000 April 1 to 22, 2021, and then from May 3 to 30, 2021, due to a work stoppage. 97 patients\u0000 were recorded in the notebook for the period. SPSS and Excel were used for the analyses.\u0000 Results\u0000 The mean age of the patients was 56.82±16.85 years. Of these 57.7% were in the 30-65\u0000 age group, and only 8.2% were under 30 years. More than half were male (52.6%). However,\u0000 women were older than men (59.60±16.78 years vs 54.32±16.67 years) (Figure 1). About\u0000 the origin, 40.2% came from the Western department, and 13.4% were from the South.\u0000 (Table 1) Only 21.6% of patients were referred. Of these referred patients 38.1% came\u0000 from the West department, 19.0% from the Centre department, and 14.3% from Artibonite.\u0000 81.4% of the patients received were hospitalized and 12.4% were kept for observation.\u0000 More than half (54%) had hypertension as a history, and 33% had diabetes and hypertension\u0000 combined. The 5 main pathologies diagnosed were: global D/C (29.9%); stroke including\u0000 Sylvian infarction (15.5%); decompensated type 2 diabetes (11.3%); CKD (10.3%) and\u0000 sepsis (6.2%). Almost one-third of the hospitalizations were global D/C class IV (29.9%),\u0000 17.7% had Sylvian infarction, 12.7% had CKD, 11.4% decompensated diabetes, and 7.6%\u0000 had sepsis.\u0000 Among the decompensated cardiac patients, 53.8% were between 30 and 65 years, only\u0000 7.7% were younger than 30 years, and 59.2% were men. For Sylvian infarction, 78.5%\u0000 were in the 30-65 age group and more than half (53.3%) were women. In patients with\u0000 decompensated diabetes, 63.6% were between 30-65 years of age and 54.5% were men.\u0000 70% of CKD patients were in the 30-65 age group, and more men (70%) thanwomen (30%).\u0000 It is worth noting that 20% of these patients were under 30 years of age. Sepsis cases\u0000 were predominantly in women (66.6%).\u0000 Conclusion\u0000 We are in the midst of an epidemiological transition in which infectious pathologies\u0000 no longer predominate, but cardiovascular ones. We have observed that stroke is the\u0000 second cause of hospitalization at the HUEH, other studies are needed to confirm this\u0000 observation, in the meantime, it is an obligation that the HUEH is equipped to meet\u0000 its primary objective which is a tertiary care and training oriented according to\u0000 the epidemiological needs of the country, hence the need to strengthen the Cardiology\u0000 unit and to put a Neurology unit with an imaging center\u0000 .","PeriodicalId":21568,"journal":{"name":"ScienceOpen Posters","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74132780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of 3D & 4D Printing in Pharmaceutical Industry in 21st Century and its Future Aspects","authors":"D. Saha","doi":"10.14293/S2199-1006.1.SOR-.PPGLUZN.V1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14293/S2199-1006.1.SOR-.PPGLUZN.V1","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT :\u0000 Nowadays in the 21st-century use of 3D and 4D printings are day by day increased in\u0000 the global pharmaceutical industry. In the case of 3D printing, it is seen that 3D\u0000 printings have played different roles through its innovation, like body implants.\u0000 Medical model, the creation of customized prosthetics, Pharmaceutical research about\u0000 drug dosage forms, delivery, and discovery e.t.c. 4D printing uses the same process\u0000 as 3D printing but with smart and sensitive materials made of special plastic, ceramic,\u0000 or metal that change shape or other ways, when the part is exposed to heat, cold,\u0000 moisture, light, or other environmental changes. The new “4D biomaterial” part changes\u0000 shape as the infant grows and it eventually disappears through bio-degradation when\u0000 no longer needed. This procedure has saved the lives of babies suffering from severe\u0000 breathing problems. Other examples of 4D printings are stimuli-responsive hydrogels,\u0000 actuators for robots e.t.c. Demands of 4D printed applications are day by day increased\u0000 which is actually upgrade generation of 3D printings. According to the literature\u0000 review, it is known that the economical value of the 4D printing project will be 31.63\u0000 million Dollars wherein in 2021 its value is 8.54 million only.","PeriodicalId":21568,"journal":{"name":"ScienceOpen Posters","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91276998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NATURAL SWEETENERS AND ITS USE IN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY","authors":"Ankit Majie","doi":"10.14293/S2199-1006.1.SOR-.PPCRINY.V1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14293/S2199-1006.1.SOR-.PPCRINY.V1","url":null,"abstract":"Natural sweeteners and artificial sweeteners are the two available sweeteners available\u0000 for use in pharmaceutical industry. The sweeteners are used as excipients to improve\u0000 the perception of taste and to mask the bitter taste of some drugs. The use of natural\u0000 sweeteners is increasing due to their lower toxicity than the artificial ones. Natural\u0000 sweeteners, especially the non-saccharide sugars are non-toxic, have low calorific\u0000 value and super sweet (100-10,000 times more sweet than artificial sweeteners). Moreover,\u0000 they are easily available in nature and can be consumed by the diabetic patients.\u0000 The secondary metabolite responsible for sweet taste can be grouped under, dihydrochalcones,\u0000 proteins, polyols, volatile oils, terpenoids, steroidal saponins, etc. They are effective\u0000 at low concentrations, stable at varying temperature range, non-carcinogenic, compatible\u0000 with a wide range of drug substance and other excipients in the formulation. In pharmaceutical\u0000 industry, they are currently used to prepare liquid, oral preparations, prepare the\u0000 syrup base, employed in coating of pills and tablets and a vehicle for many drugs.\u0000 The low-calorie value helps to prevent obesity and can be easily consumed by overweight\u0000 individuals. Most of the natural sweeteners are nutritive so it provides additional\u0000 nutrition. But, the mixing of natural sweeteners with the substandard artificial ones\u0000 needs to be controlled.","PeriodicalId":21568,"journal":{"name":"ScienceOpen Posters","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81458235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence Powered Clinical Trials","authors":"Ankit Majie","doi":"10.14293/S2199-1006.1.SOR-.PPSORGE.V1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14293/S2199-1006.1.SOR-.PPSORGE.V1","url":null,"abstract":"The future of clinical trials is changing rapidly due to the introduction of Artificial\u0000 Intelligence (AI) to study the clinically significant patterns and algorithms generated\u0000 upon the input from the trial. The high failure rates in the clinical trials leads\u0000 to inefficient drug development cycle which increases expenses of the pharmaceutical\u0000 industry. The technique of artificial intelligence allows the decision makers to study\u0000 the clinical trials in real life conditions which increases the accuracy of the trials.\u0000 Thus, decreasing the burden of the pharmaceutical industry and increasing the success\u0000 rates of the trial. Moreover, clinical trial is a much time-consuming process involving\u0000 10-15 years for just one drug molecule with lot of investment. The use clinical trial\u0000 can reduce the time required for the trial and its investment reduces to one half.\u0000 With the use of the AI powered clinical trials one drug from every 100 drugs passes\u0000 this phase easily with genuine results which is much greater than the conventional\u0000 procedure. Rather the use of clinical trials can help in automated documentation of\u0000 the clinical trial data under the database of the concerned company be retrieved and\u0000 accessed very easily. The future of AI will include generation of precision medicine\u0000 and even prediction of drug resistance in clinical trials.","PeriodicalId":21568,"journal":{"name":"ScienceOpen Posters","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81427763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do Stealth Adapted Viruses Predispose to More Severe and Prolonged Covid-19 Illness?","authors":"W. Martin","doi":"10.14293/S2199-1006.1.SOR-.PPTYKYK.V1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14293/S2199-1006.1.SOR-.PPTYKYK.V1","url":null,"abstract":"Infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus can lead to variable clinical outcomes. Approximately\u0000 40% of those infectedwill remain asymptomatic; with a similar percentage developing\u0000 a mild to moderate illness, essentially localized to the respiratory system. A markedly\u0000 more severe and extensive illness involving multiple organs occurs in the remaining\u0000 approximately 20% of those infected. A further intriguing consequence of Covid-19\u0000 disease is the continuing illness in about 10% of those with either the mild to moderate\u0000 or the more severe acute Covid-19 disease. This Long Covid-19 syndrome has many features\u0000 in common with the chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS).\u0000 The concept of coinfecting virus pathogens is central to understanding several human\u0000 diseases. Another useful concept is that of stealth adapted viruses. These viruses\u0000 differ from the viruses from which they are derived in not typically evoking inflammation.\u0000 This is because of deletion or mutation of the genes coding for the relatively few\u0000 virus components that are normally targeted by the cellular immune system. It is a\u0000 generic process that can potentially apply to all viruses, including the SARS-CoV-2\u0000 virus.\u0000 Stealth adaptation has occurred with thecytomegaloviruses of rhesus and African green\u0000 monkeys. Kidney cells from African green monkeys are still being used to produce poliovirus\u0000 vaccines.DNA sequencing studies on these monkey-derived stealth adapted viruses show\u0000 that in addition to deletions or mutations of some of the originating virus genes,\u0000 stealth adaptation can involve the incorporation of additional genetic sequences from\u0000 cells, other viruses, and bacteria. These“renegade” sequences become components within\u0000 the reformed, replicating and infectious stealth adapted viruses.\u0000 The variable and diverse genetic compositions of different stealth adapted viruses\u0000 are likely to at least occasionally include some elements that are interactive with\u0000 genes of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This could lead to the potentiation of either or both\u0000 viruses with added pathogenicity for the infected individual. Moreover, although the\u0000 residual virus components may not be ordinarily immunogenic, some may become so if\u0000 the virus levels are greatly increased and/or the immune system is sufficiently stimulated.\u0000 A strong case can be made for a role of stealth adapted viruses in patients with the\u0000 Long Covid-19 syndrome. These patients can be divided into those who had similar but\u0000 milder symptoms prior to Covid-19 and those who had previously been asymptomatic.The\u0000 former patients were probably infected earlier with a stealth adapted virus, which\u0000 has now become potentiated through its interaction with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The\u0000 later patients are likely to be newly infected with a stealth adapted SARS-CoV-2 virus.\u0000 The next step in exploring this hypothesis is to culture the blood of patients for\u0000 evidence of infection with stealth adapted viruses, followed by genetic sequencing\u0000 of the positive cult","PeriodicalId":21568,"journal":{"name":"ScienceOpen Posters","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89355167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}