Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology最新文献

{"title":"Factors affecting health-related quality of life in prostate cancer patients.","authors":"Aušra Mickevičienė,&nbsp;Giedrius Vanagas,&nbsp;Albertas Ulys,&nbsp;Mindaugas Jievaltas,&nbsp;Giedrė Smailytė,&nbsp;Žilvinas Padaiga","doi":"10.3109/00365599.2012.661765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/00365599.2012.661765","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men in Lithuania. Quality of life (QoL) assessment plays a key role in the evaluation and treatment of cancer patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate factors affecting the QoL of patients with prostate cancer in Lithuania.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional national-level study was performed. QoL was investigated with the EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, interrelationship analysis between characteristics and multivariate logistic regression to estimate predictors and odds ratios (ORs) for each of the independent variables in the model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The response rate was 74.8% (N = 486). One-quarter of respondents with prostate cancer indicated high QoL scores. Higher QoL scores were given for prostate cancer patients with lower education level [OR = 3.092, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.007-9.491, p = 0.049], having lower monthly expenses for treatment (OR = 3.653, CI 1.318-10.128, p = 0.013), disease stage II (by patient conveyance) (OR = 10.053, CI 1.015-99.534, p = 0.048), disease stage I (by medical record) (OR = 2.19E + 08, CI 218514200.17-218514200.17, p < 0.001) and in those with undisclosed disease stage (OR = 9.220, CI 1.251-67.965, p = 0.029).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Significant predictors for higher QoL scores were education level, own monthly expenses for treatment and disease stage. Patients with undisclosed disease stage more often had higher QoL scores.</p>","PeriodicalId":21543,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology","volume":"46 3","pages":"180-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/00365599.2012.661765","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30494498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of serum creatinine- and cystatin C-based equations for the estimation of glomerular filtration rate in a Chinese population.","authors":"Xiao-Hua Pei,&nbsp;Juan He,&nbsp;Qiao Liu,&nbsp;Bei Zhu,&nbsp;Li-Hua Bao,&nbsp;Chen-Jing Yan,&nbsp;Jian-Qing Wu,&nbsp;Wei-Hong Zhao","doi":"10.3109/00365599.2012.660985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/00365599.2012.660985","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the applicability of a selection of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimating equations based on serum creatinine (SCr) and serum cystatin C in a Chinese population.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Estimated GFR values from 10 equations were compared with reference GFR (rGFR) from the (99m)Tc-DTPA renal dynamic imaging method. The study enrolled 569 Chinese participants (41.5% women, 53.5 ± 16.9 years, range 19-92 years), with mean rGFR 74.80 ± 26.10 (range 9.8-146.8 ml/min/1.73 m(2)).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Bland-Altman analysis illustrated that the 95% agreement limits of all the equations surpassed the acceptable tolerance (<60 ml/min/1.73 m(2)), of which the MacIsaac equation was the closest one, reaching 71.7 ml/min/1.73 m(2). Linear regression analysis also demonstrated a consistent result. When assessed in all participants, the accuracy of the six equations reached and exceeded the acceptable level (≥70%), of which the Shanghai and MacIsaac equations gained more accuracy than others. When compared in subgroups, the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI), MacIsaac and Cockcroft-Gault (CG) equations were optimal for rGFR stages ≥ 90 ml/min/1.73 m(2), 30-89 ml/min/1.73 m(2) and < 30 ml/min/1.73 m(2), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results demonstrated that further improvement is needed for the selected 10 equations. Not all the cystatin C equations were superior to SCr equations. They have their own applicability at various GFR levels. At present, the CKD-EPI, MacIsaac and CG equations may be applied to evaluate GFR in normal, mild to moderate and severe kidney function, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":21543,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology","volume":"46 3","pages":"223-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/00365599.2012.660985","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30495521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term follow-up of neonatally diagnosed primary megaureter: rate and predictors of spontaneous resolution.","authors":"Salvatore Arena,&nbsp;Carlo Magno,&nbsp;Angela Simona Montalto,&nbsp;Tiziana Russo,&nbsp;Carmelo Mami,&nbsp;Sergio Baldari,&nbsp;Carmelo Romeo,&nbsp;Francesco Arena","doi":"10.3109/00365599.2012.662695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/00365599.2012.662695","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Primary megaureter (PM) represents 6-10% of all antenatal displaced urinary malformations. Spontaneous resolution of PM is a well-known event. This long-term follow-up study evaluated the incidence and rate of resolution of PM. Some predictive factors were revised, based on morphological classification and scintigraphic pattern.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Sixty neonates with PM were followed. The diagnosis was confirmed by ultrasound examination and (99m)Tc-DTPA diuretic renal scan. All the observed patients underwent antibiotic prophylaxis. All conservatively treated children were followed from 6 months to 15 years. Follow-up consisted of monthly urine cultures, renal ultrasound and DTPA diuretic renography. Hydroureteronephrosis was considered to have resolved when a retrovesical cross-sectional diameter of ureter less than 6 mm was found.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 72 PM were identified in this series. At the end of the follow-up period, 38 PM (52.8%) had resolved, in 18 PM (25%) ureteral dilatation persisted and 16 PM (22.2%) required a surgical procedure. The median age at resolution was significantly affected by presenting hydronephrosis grade and cross-sectional diameter at diagnosis, but not by gender. The (99m)Tc-DTPA renogram results showed no functional impairment in resolved and persisting cases, even after long-term observation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The data show that 22% of neonatal PM require surgical treatment. Poor drainage on (99m)Tc-DTPA scan, grade IV-V hydronephrosis and ureteric diameter more than 15.0 mm were statistically significant and independent predictive factors for surgery. The time to spontaneous resolution in neonatally diagnosed PM may exceed 3.6 years, after which recovery is rare.</p>","PeriodicalId":21543,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology","volume":" ","pages":"201-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/00365599.2012.662695","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40145898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy residual stone fragments: clinical significance and management.","authors":"O Porfyris,&nbsp;D Delakas","doi":"10.3109/00365599.2011.644861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/00365599.2011.644861","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) is one of the primary treatments for urolithiasis, very often residual fragments of the calculi are still present for a long time after the ESWL session. These fragments are usually asymptomatic and can be managed expectantly, but sometimes they can cause symptoms and require intervention. Secondary procedures are not routinely applied to all patients with residual fragments, but only to those with significant symptoms. Medical therapy may play an important role in the management of residual fragments, by correcting an underlying metabolic disorder and by preventing the growth of residual calculi and the formation of new ones.</p>","PeriodicalId":21543,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology","volume":"46 3","pages":"188-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/00365599.2011.644861","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30448138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adjustable continence balloons: clinical results of a new minimally invasive treatment for male urinary incontinence.","authors":"Line Kjær,&nbsp;Mikkel Fode,&nbsp;Nis Nørgaard,&nbsp;Jens Sønksen,&nbsp;Jørgen Nordling","doi":"10.3109/00365599.2012.660986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/00365599.2012.660986","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the results of the Danish experience with the ProACT urinary continence device inserted in men with stress urinary incontinence.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The ProACT was inserted in 114 patients. Data were registered prospectively. The main endpoints were complications, pad use per day and 24 h urinary leakage. A questionnaire evaluating symptoms and satisfaction was sent to the patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data including preoperative and postoperative pad use and urinary leakage were available for 92 and 90 patients, respectively. A decrease in the median 24 h urinary leakage (352.5 vs 11 ml, p < 0.001) and in the median number of pads used per day (4.75 vs 2.25, p = 0.001) was demonstrated. Forty-six patients had a pad use of 0-1 pads per day and/or a daily urinary leakage less than 8 g, corresponding to an overall dry rate of 50%. A decrease in urinary leakage > 50% was seen in 72 patients (80%). Complications were seen in 23 patients. All of these were treated successfully by removal of the device in the outpatient setting followed by replacement of the device. Another eight patients had a third balloon inserted to improve continence further. Fourteen patients (12%) ended up with an artificial sphincter or a urethral sling. Sixty patients (63%) experienced no discomfort and 58 (61%) reported being dry or markedly improved. Overall, 50 patients (53%) reported being very or predominantly satisfied.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Adjustable continence balloons seem to be a good alternative in the treatment of male urinary incontinence. Complications are mild and easily treated.</p>","PeriodicalId":21543,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology","volume":"46 3","pages":"196-200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/00365599.2012.660986","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30484773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A 12-year-old boy with an infected ectopic ureter presenting with acute appendicitis-like symptoms and acute scrotum.","authors":"Wei-Yueh Chu,&nbsp;Teng-Fu Tsao,&nbsp;Sung-Lang Chen,&nbsp;Hung-Ming Chang,&nbsp;Shan-Ming Chen,&nbsp;Chih-Yi Chen,&nbsp;Ko-Huang Lue,&nbsp;Ji-Nan Sheu","doi":"10.3109/00365599.2011.644864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/00365599.2011.644864","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An ectopic ureter draining into the seminal vesicle or vas deferens in males is a very rare anomaly and is usually associated with renal dysplasia or agenesis. An ectopic ureter associated with a dysplastic kidney is not usually a suspected cause during clinical evaluation of children with abdominal pain. This report presents a rare case of an ectopic ureter associated with a dysplastic kidney with an acute infection in a previously healthy 12-year-old boy, demonstrated by magnetic resonance imaging. He presented with abdominal pain that mimicked acute appendicitis-like symptoms which was subsequently complicated by epididymitis manifesting as an acute scrotum. Clinicians should consider including an ectopic ureter in the differential diagnosis of children presenting with acute abdomen.</p>","PeriodicalId":21543,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology","volume":"46 3","pages":"208-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/00365599.2011.644864","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30373548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Danish single-institution experience with radical prostatectomy: impact of surgical margins on biochemical outcome.","authors":"Marie-Louise Vrang,&nbsp;Martin Andreas Røder,&nbsp;Ben Vainer,&nbsp;Ib Jarle Christensen,&nbsp;Lisa Gruschy,&nbsp;Klaus Brasso,&nbsp;Peter Iversen","doi":"10.3109/00365599.2011.644860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/00365599.2011.644860","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the impact of positive surgical margins (PSMs), stratified by location and extension, on biochemical outcome after radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP).</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study included data from 605 consecutive patients treated with RRP for localized prostate cancer. Patients with node-positive disease were excluded. Biochemical recurrence-free survival was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate and multivariate analysis was used to assess risk factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall PSM rate was 35.4%. Eighty-three per cent (82.7%) of these had a single PSM, whereas 17.3% of patients had two or more PSMs. Apical PSMs were present in 42.5% and non-apical in 57.5%. The presence of any PSM had a significant impact on the risk of biochemical recurrence (BR) [hazard ratio (HR) = 3.3, p < 0.0001]. Compared with margin-negative patients, both apical and non-apical PSMs increased the risk of BR (HR = 2.1 and 4.2, p = 0.02 and p < 0.0001, respectively). The number of PSMs also influenced the risk of BR (one PSM: HR = 2.8, p < 0.0001, vs two or more PSMs: HR = 5.5, p < 0.0001). In multivariate analysis, pT category, PSA and prostatectomy Gleason score independently increased the risk of BR. In an exploratory multivariate analysis of pT2 tumours, the impact of apical PSMs on biochemical recurrence-free survival (BRFS) was not statistically significant, although with an HR of 2.1. Non-apical PSM was associated with a significantly increased risk of BR (HR = 3.4, p = 0.01). Number of PSMs did not influence the risk of BR in multivariate analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The presence of PSMs after RRP is associated with a higher risk of BR. Multiple and non-apical PSMs are associated with a significantly higher risk of BR compared to single and apical PSMs.</p>","PeriodicalId":21543,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology","volume":"46 3","pages":"172-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/00365599.2011.644860","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30447915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does stage III chronic kidney disease always progress to end-stage renal disease? A ten-year follow-up study.","authors":"Seung Don Baek,&nbsp;Chung Hee Baek,&nbsp;Ja Seon Kim,&nbsp;So Mi Kim,&nbsp;Ji Hyun Kim,&nbsp;Soon Bae Kim","doi":"10.3109/00365599.2011.649045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/00365599.2011.649045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Clinically, it may be appropriate to subdivide patients with stage 3 chronic kidney disease (CKD) into two subgroups, as they show different risks for kidney outcomes. This study evaluated the proportion of patients with stage 3 CKD who progressed to stage 4 or 5 CKD over 10 years and independent predictors of progression of renal dysfunction. It sought to validate whether stage 3 CKD patients should be subdivided.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study enrolled 347 stage 3 CKD patients between January 1997 and December 1999, who were followed up through June 2010. The baseline clinical characteristics and outcomes were compared in patients with stage 3A [45 <estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 ml/min/1.73 m(2)] and stage 3B (30 < eGFR <45 ml/min/1.73 m(2)) CKD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 347 patients, 196 (58.2%) were in stage 3A. The only difference in baseline characteristics between stages 3A and 3B patients was the degree of albuminuria. During follow-up, 167 patients (48.1%) did not progress, 60 (17.3%) progressed to stage 4 and 120 (34.6%) progressed to stage 5, with 91 (26.2%) starting dialysis. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that macroalbuminuria [(hazard ratio (HR) 3.06, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.48-2.89, p < 0.001], microalbuminuria (HR 1.99 95% CI 1.04-3.85, p = 0.038), microscopic haematuria (HR 2.07 95% CI 1.48-2.89, p < 0.001) and stage 3B CKD (HR 2.99 95% CI 2.19-4.10, p < 0.001) were independent predictors of progression of renal dysfunction. Stage 3B patients had higher risks of adverse renal and cardiovascular outcomes than stage 3A patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>About half of the patients with stage 3 CKD progressed to stage 4 or 5, as assessed by eGFR, over 10 years. Degree of albuminuria, stage 3 subgroup and microscopic haematuria were important risk factors for progression of stage 3 CKD. It would be appropriate to divide the present stage 3 CKD into two subgroups.</p>","PeriodicalId":21543,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology","volume":" ","pages":"232-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/00365599.2011.649045","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40192461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inadvertent arterial catheterization complicating femoral venous access for haemodialysis.","authors":"Andreas Pikwer,&nbsp;Gunnar Sterner,&nbsp;Stefan Acosta","doi":"10.3109/00365599.2011.633226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/00365599.2011.633226","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Large-bore catheters for temporary haemodialysis are often placed via the internal jugular or femoral vein, guided by external landmarks or ultrasound techniques. Inadvertent femoral artery catheterization may occur during attempted placement of the dialysis catheter in the femoral vein.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This investigation was carried out in Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden. Between 2008 and 2011, patients referred for consultation by a vascular specialist owing to inadvertent arterial catheterization after attempted placement of a dialysis catheter in the femoral vein were noted in a logbook and patients with iatrogenic arterial injuries undergoing vascular repair at Malmö-Lund Hospitals were identified through the Swedish vascular registry (Swedvasc).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The five included patients had a dialysis catheter (11-13.5 Fr) inserted, without ultrasound guidance, into the femoral artery. One patient suffered from circulatory shock. Two cases were managed with external compression, while three cases required surgical repair. Two patients had postoperative wound infection in the groin.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Femoral dialysis catheters should be inserted using ultrasound guidance. Large-bore catheters suspected of being in an inadvertent arterial position should be fixed securely before further diagnostic or interventional considerations. A management algorithm for inadvertently placed catheters in the femoral artery is proposed.</p>","PeriodicalId":21543,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology","volume":"46 2","pages":"156-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/00365599.2011.633226","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30242566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HER2 status in primary stage T1 urothelial cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder.","authors":"Hans Olsson,&nbsp;Ing-Marie Fyhr,&nbsp;Per Hultman,&nbsp;Staffan Jahnson","doi":"10.3109/00365599.2011.637955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/00365599.2011.637955","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The HER2 receptor is involved in pathways essential for cell proliferation, and is an important predictive and prognostic factor in breast cancer. HER2 probably plays a critical role in many types of cancer, including urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB). Stage T1 UCB exhibits heterogeneous clinical behaviour, and the frequency of HER2 expression in such disease has not been thoroughly examined. The aim of this study was to use an immunohistochemical technique to evaluate the frequency of HER2 expression in a defined population-based cohort of patients registered as having primary stage T1 UCB.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The initial study population comprised 285 patients registered as having primary stage T1 UCB. The original histological specimens were re-evaluated with regard to T stage and World Health Organization grade. Hospital records provided information on tumour size, multiplicity, possible presence of histologically proven recurrence and progression. The patients were followed for at least 5 years or until death. In tumours still considered stage T1 after re-evaluation, HER2 was investigated by immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded material and scored according to the guidelines used in breast cancer.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After histopathological re-evaluation, 201 patients were still T1 UCB and could be investigated regarding HER2 expression. HER2 overexpression was observed in 25 of those patients (12.4%). HER2 status was not significantly associated with recurrence or progression.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>HER2 was overexpressed in 12.4% of the present cohort of patients with primary stage T1 UCB. There was no significant association between tumour HER2 status and prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":21543,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology","volume":"46 2","pages":"102-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/00365599.2011.637955","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30308931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}