Russian Agricultural Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Phytochemical Characteristics and Insecticidal Activity of Sida acuta (Burm. f.) against Sitophilus oryzae (L.)","authors":"Bala Mohan, Duraisamy Prabha, Chinnasamy Bhuvaneshwari","doi":"10.3103/s1068367424010026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s1068367424010026","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Pest attacks are crucial contemporary problems in recent decades that may cause severe damage to their host and their products. Therefore, controlling the pest attacks is very crucial. Hence, the present study aimed to control the insecticidal activity of <i>Sitophilus oryzae</i> L. with the help of <i>Sida acuta</i> leaf extract. Two types of solvent extracts were used for screening insecticidal activity against <i>Sitophilus oryzae</i> L. by using five different concentrations: control, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg mL^–1, were used to evaluate the insecticidal activity during the study period. The results from the study revealed that a total of 95% of the mortality rate was observed in ethanol-based plant extracts at 72 h of exposure, and 82% of the mortality rate was observed in petroleum ether-based plant extracts at 72 h of exposure. The recorded LC₅₀ values ranged from 41.01 to 35.83 mg mL^–1 in both plant extracts at 72 h of exposure. During the study period, control did not influence the insecticidal activity of <i>Sitophilus oryzae</i> L. The analyzed phytochemical properties revealed that the <i>Sida acuta</i> plant is an alkaloid in nature, and it may possess valuable pharmaceutical properties, and these properties may influence the insecticidal activity of <i>Sitophilus oryzae</i> L. However, the use of <i>Sida aucta</i> leaf extract provided good results in controlling the insecticidal activity against <i>Sitophilus oryzae</i> L. Moreover, the use of botanical insecticides may reduce toxicity in ecosystems and provide cost-effective methods for farmers.</p>","PeriodicalId":21531,"journal":{"name":"Russian Agricultural Sciences","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140803008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reaction of Barley Varieties on the Content of Polyphenols on Stress Soil Backgrounds","authors":"O. N. Shupletsova, E. V. Tovstik, I. N. Shchennikova","doi":"10.3103/s1068367424010142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s1068367424010142","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>To assess the stress resistance of genotypes, the authors studied the influence of soil stressors on the content of polyphenolic compounds in grain, straw, and roots of barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i> L.) of various varieties with differentiation by origin (domestic and foreign selection), and methods of production (hybridization and cell selection). The plants were grown in vegetative tanks with sod-podzolic soil in natural conditions until the seeds ripened. The experimental design included the following options: with excessive cadmium (Cd²⁺ 6.4 mg/kg); increased acidity (pH_KCl = 4.8); simulated drought in the interphase period, emergence into the tube-earing; without stress load at pH_KCl = 6.5 (control). The content of polyphenols in terms of gallic acid was determined by the spectrophotometric method. The total accumulation of polyphenols in grain under drought conditions (9.18–11.13 mg/g) and in the presence of excessive Cd²⁺ in the soil (9.07–9.10 mg/g) exceeded the control by 2.5–14.8 and 2.8–8.5%, respectively. On acidic soil, compared with the control, the amount of polyphenols in grain significantly decreased in all domestically bred barley varieties that underwent selection on acidic soils or selection on acidic selective media in vitro, by 16.1% in Vitrum and 11.8% in Rodnik Prikamye. In varieties of foreign selection (Zazersky 85, Triumph, and Tallon), under acidic conditions, the value of this indicator, on the contrary, increased by 2.2–4.8%. Most of the polyphenols were in a bound state. The free fraction of polyphenols was distributed among organs (% of the total amount in the plant): straw (41.4–49.1) &gt; roots (32.4–42.5) &gt; grain (15.6–22.6). Among the stressors studied, increased acidity contributed to a greater extent to the increase in the relative accumulation of free polyphenols. The most significant increase of accumulation was noted in the roots: in varieties and regenerants of the selection of the Federal Agrarian Research Center of the North-East, the increase was 19.0%; in varieties of foreign selection, it comprised 35.7%.</p>","PeriodicalId":21531,"journal":{"name":"Russian Agricultural Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140803013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Change of Sugar Beet Technological Quality and Productivity as a Result of Vegetating Plants’ Treatment with Fungicides","authors":"L. N. Putilina, N. A. Lazutina","doi":"10.3103/s1068367424010087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s1068367424010087","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Studies were carried out for determining an effective consumption rate and application sequence of Abacus Ultra (suspension emulsion) and Pictor Active (concentrate of suspension) fungicides for sugar beet vegetating plants as well as revealing changes in morphological and technological indexes and the crop productivity as a result of these chemicals' combined influence. The work was conducted in a grain-arable crop rotation of Voronezh oblast in 2020–2021. RMS 127, a domestic sugar beet hybrid, was the object of investigations. The experiment scheme included study of the following variants with control and four schemes of plant protection from leaf diseases using OOO BASF fungicides: (I) first treatment with Abacus Ultra with the consumption rate of 1.25 L/ha and, in 20 days, second treatment with Pictor Active with the consumption rate of 0.6 L/ha; (II) first treatment with Abacus Ultra (1.25 L/ha) and second treatment with Pictor Active (0.8 L/ha); (III) first treatment with Pictor Active (0.6 L/ha) and second treatment with Abacus Ultra (1.25 L/ha); and (IV) first treatment with Pictor Active (0.8 L/ha) and second treatment with Abacus Ultra (1.25 L/ha). The effectiveness of sugar beet protection using the treatment scheme II was demonstrated. This agrotechnical method has a positive effect on physiological processes in a plant and effectively depresses the growth of fungi–powdery mildew agents, the treatment increased the photosynthesis productivity coefficient by 41.2%, providing 8.3 t/ha yield gain, and a 3.2-time reduction of beetroots with pathologies. Also, it increased predicted sugar output by 0.84%, improving its extraction ability during processing at the same time, and increased refined sugar yield per hectare of the crop by 24.1%.</p>","PeriodicalId":21531,"journal":{"name":"Russian Agricultural Sciences","volume":"263 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140803035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological and Biochemical Features of Drought Resistance of Potato Plants","authors":"O. A. Rozentsvet, E. S. Bogdanova, S. L. Rubtsov, A. L. Bakunov, A. V. Milekhin, V. N. Nesterov","doi":"10.3103/s1068367424010099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s1068367424010099","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The purpose of the study is to identify the relationship between drought resistance indicators and the yield of potato plants under unfavorable conditions. A xeromorphic leaf structure is considered to be a diagnostic sign of plant drought resistance. The objects of the study were 24 potato varieties. Planting of seeds, preplanting tillage, harvesting, and crop recording were carried out in the period of 2020–2022 on the territory of the Samara Research Institute of Agriculture (branch of the Samara Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences). Growing conditions for 2021 and 2022 were characterized by elevated temperatures and insufficient moisture. The number and size of stomata per unit leaf area were chosen as the criterion for xeromorphism. The studied varieties were divided into two groups (<i>n</i> = 12 each) according to the number of stomata. In the first group, the average number of stomata was 26 000 pcs./cm² of leaf, and that in the second group was 35 000 pcs. (<i>F</i> = 41, <i>p</i> = 0.03). More developed structural features of xeromorphism and the accumulation of certain types of metabolites in the second group of varieties led to a 1.6 times greater yield than in the first less xeromorphic group (<i>F</i> = 9, <i>p</i> = 0.004). The second group was characterized by a large number of mesophyll cells per unit leaf area (584 000 pcs./cm² vs. 557 000 pcs.), high content of phospholipids (36 mg/g dry weight vs. 31 mg/g), dry weight (0.19 vs. 0.17 g/g wet weight), and the ratio of membrane lipids to membrane proteins (1.4 vs. 1.2). In the less xeromorphic group of plants, the level of oxidative stress, assessed by LPO products, was 0.050 μM/g fresh weight and was 12% higher than in the more xeromorphic group (<i>F</i> = 6, <i>p</i> = 0.08). The revealed positive correlation between yield and xeromorphic genotypes indicates the prospects of using this criterion in potato breeding or creating a variety model.</p>","PeriodicalId":21531,"journal":{"name":"Russian Agricultural Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140803029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Pectinase Production Potential of Microorganisms Isolated from Agricultural Soil and Rotten Fruits in Shiraz, Southwest of Iran","authors":"Yashgin Hassanzadeh, Mahtab Hadadi, Saba Eslami, Seyedeh Saina Seifzadeh, Mohammad Motamedifar","doi":"10.3103/s1068367424010063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s1068367424010063","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Pectinase is a general term for enzymes such as Pectoliase, Pectozyme, and Polygalactronase, which are usually considered Pectic enzymes. Pectinases are produced by plants and several microbial strains, including yeasts and bacteria. It is estimated that commercial Pectic enzymes from <i>Bacillus</i> spp. Make-up about 50% of the enzyme market. Raw fruit juices contain amounts of colloidal pectin. This substance can cause the precipitation of plant membranes during filtration and make it challenging to clarify fruit juice due to its fibril-like structure. Regarding the benefit of the production of commercial Pectinase from microorganisms, we aimed to investigate the profile of pectic enzymes producing microorganisms from agricultural soil and fruit in Shiraz, southwest of Iran. Actually, since there is a need for an enzyme that can break down Pectin in raw fruit juice, we conducted this study to comprehensively understand the Pectinase-producing microbial reservoir. For the isolation of Pectinase-producing microorganisms, agricultural soil samples were collected from Marvdasht and Bieza, Shiraz, Iran. Purified microbial isolates were stored at –80°C in a 20% glycerol concentration. After the primary characterization of Pectinase-producing isolates, the quantitative assay of Pectinase was done using Pectin as substrate. A total of 11 soil samples were mainly obtained. After purification, a total of 34 different microorganisms were isolated. Out of these, 26 (76.47%) isolates were from soil samples, and 8 (23.52%) ones from fruits. Based on morphological appearance and cultural characteristics, five isolates were related to the fungal cluster, and the rest were bacteria. The best producers were bacteria, followed by fungi. Based on the results of this study, it was determined that agricultural soil in Shiraz is a rich source of pectinase-producing gram-positive bacilli, which can be a rich source for commercial enzyme production.</p>","PeriodicalId":21531,"journal":{"name":"Russian Agricultural Sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140803138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensitivity of the Causative Agent of Net Blotch of Barley (Pyrenophora teres Drechsler) to Fungicides","authors":"G. V. Volkova, Ya. V. Yakhnik","doi":"10.3103/s1068367424010166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s1068367424010166","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>This research was carried to study the effect of fungicides of various classes on the intrapopulation structure of <i>Pyrenophora teres</i> in terms of its sensitivity to toxicants, virulence, and racial composition. The study involved eight variants of winter barley treatment with Magnello, EC (1 L/ha), Capella, M (1 L/ha), Kolosal Pro, MC (0.4 L/ha), Quadris, SC (1.2 L/ha), Amistar Trio, EC (1 L/ha), and Orgamika C, L (0.4 L/ha), which were introduced to the nutrient medium with a pure culture of <i>P. teres</i> at doses of 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, and 200% of the norm (control without treatment). The racial composition of the populations was determined using an international set of differentiator varieties. When treating plants with fungicides at the rates permitted for agricultural use, the minimum levels of efficiency were recorded for Quadris, SC (52.3%) and Orgamika C, L (66.8%) and maximum levels of efficiency for Magnello, EC (88.2%) and Kolosal Pro, MC (97.0%). The average virulence of the population isolated after Quadris, SC treatment proved to be maximum: 3.4 points (at the control level). The greatest racial diversity has been found in <i>P. teres</i> populations isolated after treatment with fungicides based on Magnello, EC triazoles (CF = 0.10) and Quadris, SC strobilurins (CF = 0.10). The maximum intrapopulation heterogeneity has been recorded in populations isolated after treatment with fungicides based on triazoles and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens: Kolosal Pro, MC (Sh = 2.16), Capella, M (Sh = 2.14), Magnello, EC (Sh = 2.10)), and Orgamika C, L (Sh = 2.12). After introducing the permitted rate of fungicides into the pure culture of P. teres, the average growth rate of the colonies slowed down from 86.1% (Quadris, SC) to 100% (Amistar Trio, EC). Fungicides based on strobilurins and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens completely prevented sporulation. The results of the research suggest that there is a shift in sensitivity to the test drugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":21531,"journal":{"name":"Russian Agricultural Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140803092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photosynthetic Activity as a Factor of the Yield Formation and Quality of the New Grain Irtysh 33 Fodder Oat Variety","authors":"O. A. Yusova, P. N. Nikolaev, V. S. Vasyukevich","doi":"10.3103/s1068367424010178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s1068367424010178","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The purpose of this research was to assess the influence of photosynthetic activity of a new promising oat variety, Irtysh 33, on the yield formation and quality of green mass. Experiments were carried out in 2017–2022 in Western Siberia. The soil is leached common chernozem. The moisture level was optimal in 2019 (HTI = 1.10), excessive in 2018 (HTI = 1.39), and low in 2017 and 2020–2022 (HTI = 0.58–0.77). The object of the research is the new promising variety Irtysh 33 (the standard is the Orion variety). On average, Irtysh 33 was characterized by a more developed leaf apparatus over the study period, with an assimilation surface area being 35.5% higher in the heading phase and 24.9% higher in the flowering phase than that of the standard. The mass fraction of dry biomass of the new variety was greater than that of the standard variety in these periods (by 14.6 and 10.2%, respectively); the yield of the fodder mass was 7.3 and 3.2 t/ha higher, respectively. Such results are determined, among other things, by an increase in the photosynthetic potential of the Irtysh 33 variety by 30% compared to the standard variety. In the heading phase, the protein content in the fodder mass was 0.4% higher, the protein yield was 1.07 t/ha higher, and the mass fraction of fiber was 0.7% lower in the new variety than in the standard variety. The influence of the accumulation of dry biomass on the formation of the mass fraction of fiber increased from heading to flowering from <i>r</i> = 0.515 ± 0.02 to <i>r</i> = 0.684 ± 0.103, its effect on the yield increased from <i>r</i> = 0.479 ± 0.008 to <i>r</i> = 0.602 ± 0.015; the effect of net photosynthetic productivity on the accumulation of dry biomass increased from <i>r</i> = 0.115 ± 0.004 to <i>r</i> = 0.419 ± 0.017, and its effect on the yield increased from <i>r</i> = 0.460 ± 0.020 to <i>r</i> = 0.601 ± 0.051. The medium direct correlation of the assimilation leaf surface with the mass fraction of protein, recorded in the heading phase (<i>r</i> = 0.640 ± 0.19), changed for the medium inverse correlation in the next phase (<i>r</i> = –0.508 ± 0.021).</p>","PeriodicalId":21531,"journal":{"name":"Russian Agricultural Sciences","volume":"161 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140803023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship of Growth Rates to Prenatal Micronutrient Supplementation in Replacement Heifers","authors":"V. A. Safonov, T. S. Ermilova, A. E. Chernitskiy","doi":"10.3103/s1068367424010105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s1068367424010105","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>In accordance with the developmental origins of health and disease (DoHaD) hypotheses, the intrauterine fetal growth environments have a long-term effect on postnatal growth and health of animals. The objective of the study was to reveal the relationship between the fetal micronutrient supplementation during the third trimester of prenatal development and its growth rates during the first 180 days after birth. The surveys were performed with 40 clinically healthy Simmental heifers. Samples of unpigmented tail switch hair were collected from the newborns before receiving colostrum for their first feed. The micronutrient contents (selenium, copper, zinc, manganese, cobalt, iron, chromium, and molybdenum) were analyzed with the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry method (Nexion 300D, Perkin Elmer, United States). The heifer weight was measured on day 1 and at 180 days of age. Afterwards, its average daily weight gain was estimated. Relationships between the study variables were revealed with the Spearman’s rank correlation test with IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0 software (IBM Corp., United States). No significant correlation between the weight of newborn calves and the micronutrient content in their hair samples was found. However, the weight of heifers at 180 days of age and their average daily weight gain (during the first 180 days of life) correlated with the contents of selenium (<i>r</i> = 0.349 and <i>r</i> = 0.408, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05, respectively), copper (<i>r</i> = 0.378 and <i>r</i> = 0.440, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01, respectively), zinc (<i>r</i> = 0.455 and <i>r</i> = 0.481, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01, respectively), and cobalt (<i>r</i> = 0.304 and <i>r</i> = 0.344, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05, respectively) in the newborn hair samples. No correlations between the heifer parameters indicated above and the manganese, iron, chrome, and molybdenum contents in tail hair were revealed.</p>","PeriodicalId":21531,"journal":{"name":"Russian Agricultural Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140803139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Results from Index Evaluation of Kazakh White-Headed and Hereford Cattle for Liveweight","authors":"A. T. Bissembaev, Kh. A. Amerkhanov, Yu. A. Yuldashbayev, J. M. Kassenov, S. T. Zhali, A. E. Chindalieyv, D. A. Baimukanov, V. A. Demin","doi":"10.3103/s106836742401004x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s106836742401004x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The results from the research study to show the dynamics of liveweight for the Kazakh White-Headed and Hereford cattle youngstock and the index evaluation for liveweight to create the subsequent breeding livestock populations have been reported. The selection index evaluation for liveweight (at birth, weaning, and the age of 12 months) was performed with the best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) method to form the breeding herds on main farms. The method to estimate the selection index value was developed based on the statistical method for the animal genetic model and the predicted breeding-value indices for three production parameters: liveweight at birth, weaning, and the age of 12 months. Overall, 9503 and 2766 farms for rearing the Kazakh White-Headed and the Hereford cattle livestock, respectively, were analyzed. The accuracy of the breeding value index estimation with the BLUP AM method for the Kazakh White-Headed calf bulls and heifers at birth, weaning, and the age of 12 months comprised 0.509–0.557 and 0.534–0.573, 0.274–0.319 and 0.354–0.368, and 0.336–0.418 and 0.388–0.415, respectively. The accuracy of the breeding value index estimation with the BLUP AM method for the Hereford calf bulls and heifers at birth, weaning, and the age of 12 months comprised 0.531–0.810 and 0.511–0.565, 0.330–0.608 and 0.257–0.366, and 0.386–0.498 and 0.342–0.414, respectively. The BLUP AM method can provide the opportunity to improve the accuracy of evaluation of the Kazakh White-Headed and Hereford cattle livestock through the liveweight measurements at birth, weaning, and the yearling age.</p>","PeriodicalId":21531,"journal":{"name":"Russian Agricultural Sciences","volume":"149 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140803025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spring Wheat Harvest under the Complex Agrotechnological Effect with Different Moisture Levels in the South of Western Siberia","authors":"V. I. Usenko, A. A. Garkusha, T. A. Litvintseva, E. G. Deryanova, A. A. Shcherbakova, I. A. Kobzeva","doi":"10.3103/s1068367424010154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s1068367424010154","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Studies to assess the effectiveness of an integrated effect of agrotechnological techniques (fertilizers, pesticides, tillage, and predecessors) and agrometeorological conditions on the harvest of spring wheat have been carried out in 2011–2023. The work was performed on leached low-power low-humus medium-loamy chernozem in Altai krai. The scheme of the stationary field experiment established in 2000 assumed the study of the following variants: (factor A) tillage: deep tillage (25–27 cm), surface tillage (14–16 cm), subsurface tillage, and the variant without tillage; (factor B) fertilizers: without fertilizers, presowing fertilizer (ammophos), basic fertilizer (ammonium nitrate) + presowing fertilizer; and (factor C) pesticides: without pesticides, dicoticides, dicoticides + graminicides, and dicoticides + graminicides + insecticides + fungicides. Wheat predecessors were created in the fallow (no-tillage–rapeseed)–wheat–oats–wheat–peas–wheat rotation and with permanent cultivation of wheat. The wheat yield (t/ha) after predecessors without fertilizers and pesticides averaged 1.53 for fallow, 1.27 for peas, 1.06 for oats, and 0.81 for permanent sowing. The dependence (<i>r</i>) of yield on May–June moisture conditions for these predecessors increased from 0.628 to 0.705, 0.870, and 0.918, respectively. The contribution of soil tillage (%) to the wheat yield variation decreased from fallow and peas (26.9–58.0%) to oats and permanent sowing (1.3–2.5%) and that of fertilizers and pesticides increased from 10.0 to 53.2% and from 29.7 to 51.5%, respectively. The yield increase (t/ha) after fertilization with ammophos at sowing decreased from fallow (0.15 t/ha) to peas (0.11 t/ha), oats (0.10 t/ha), and permanent sowing (0.08 t/ha), while the use of basic fertilization with ammonium nitrate led to its increase from 0.19 and 0.18 to 0.31 and 0.22 t/ha. Under good moisture conditions, the effectiveness of fertilizers increased by 1.5–2.0 times with increase in saturation with pesticides.</p>","PeriodicalId":21531,"journal":{"name":"Russian Agricultural Sciences","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140803094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}