V. I. Usenko, A. A. Garkusha, T. A. Litvintseva, E. G. Deryanova, A. A. Shcherbakova, I. A. Kobzeva
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Studies to assess the effectiveness of an integrated effect of agrotechnological techniques (fertilizers, pesticides, tillage, and predecessors) and agrometeorological conditions on the harvest of spring wheat have been carried out in 2011–2023. The work was performed on leached low-power low-humus medium-loamy chernozem in Altai krai. The scheme of the stationary field experiment established in 2000 assumed the study of the following variants: (factor A) tillage: deep tillage (25–27 cm), surface tillage (14–16 cm), subsurface tillage, and the variant without tillage; (factor B) fertilizers: without fertilizers, presowing fertilizer (ammophos), basic fertilizer (ammonium nitrate) + presowing fertilizer; and (factor C) pesticides: without pesticides, dicoticides, dicoticides + graminicides, and dicoticides + graminicides + insecticides + fungicides. Wheat predecessors were created in the fallow (no-tillage–rapeseed)–wheat–oats–wheat–peas–wheat rotation and with permanent cultivation of wheat. The wheat yield (t/ha) after predecessors without fertilizers and pesticides averaged 1.53 for fallow, 1.27 for peas, 1.06 for oats, and 0.81 for permanent sowing. The dependence (r) of yield on May–June moisture conditions for these predecessors increased from 0.628 to 0.705, 0.870, and 0.918, respectively. The contribution of soil tillage (%) to the wheat yield variation decreased from fallow and peas (26.9–58.0%) to oats and permanent sowing (1.3–2.5%) and that of fertilizers and pesticides increased from 10.0 to 53.2% and from 29.7 to 51.5%, respectively. The yield increase (t/ha) after fertilization with ammophos at sowing decreased from fallow (0.15 t/ha) to peas (0.11 t/ha), oats (0.10 t/ha), and permanent sowing (0.08 t/ha), while the use of basic fertilization with ammonium nitrate led to its increase from 0.19 and 0.18 to 0.31 and 0.22 t/ha. Under good moisture conditions, the effectiveness of fertilizers increased by 1.5–2.0 times with increase in saturation with pesticides.
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