Russian Agricultural Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of the Efficacy of the Use of Humic Fertilizers in the Cultivation of Spring Barley in the Soil and Climatic Conditions of the Central Chernozem Region","authors":"V. I. Lazarev, Zh. N. Minchenko","doi":"10.3103/s1068367424700083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s1068367424700083","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The effect of humic fertilizers of domestic (ECO-SP) and foreign (Fulvigrain Classic, Gumiful Pro) production on the yield and quality of spring barley grain of the Prometheus variety was studied. The cultivation was performed as follows. Without treatment with humic fertilizers (control); ECO-SP: seed treatment (0.5 L/t) + treatment of plants in the tillering phase (0.5 L/ha) + treatment of plants in the stem elongation phase (0.5 L/ha); Fulvigrain Classic: seed treatment (0.8 L/t) + treatment of plants in the tillering phase (0.4 L/ha) + treatment of plants in the stem elongation phase (0.4 L/ha); Humiful Pro: seed treatment (0.1 L/t) + processing of plants in the tillering phase (0.1 L/ha) + processing of plants in the stem elongation phase (0.1 L/ha). The work was carried out in 2020–2022 in the Kursk Federal Agrarian Scientific Center (Kursk oblast, Kursk district, Cheryomushki village). The soil of the experimental site is a typical powerful, heavy-loamy chernozem. The treatment of spring barley seeds with humic fertilizers was found to increase their germination energy by 2–7%, and laboratory germination by 3–5% if compared with the seeds untreated with humic fertilizers. When processing seeds and plants with humic fertilizers, the yield of spring barley increased by 0.46–0.56 t/ha or by 12.7–15.5%, the grain size, by 0.7–1.6%, the protein content, by 0.2–0.4%, and the starch, by 0.4–0.9%. Higher yields of spring barley were provided by ECO-SP and Fulvigrain Classic humic fertilizers, 0.52.and 0.56 t/ha respectively. The efficacy of Humiful Pro humic fertilizer was lower: the yield increase was 0.46 t/ha or 12.7%, the grain size increased by 0.7%, the protein content, by 0.6%, and the starch, by 0.3% if compared with the control.</p>","PeriodicalId":21531,"journal":{"name":"Russian Agricultural Sciences","volume":"111 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141507025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Grazing Intensity on Organic Carbon Deposition in Pasture Soil","authors":"L. V. Boitsova, S. V. Neprimerova","doi":"10.3103/s1068367424700058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s1068367424700058","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The effect of cattle grazing intensity on the deposition of organic carbon (C_org) in pasture soil was studied. The work was carried out in 2010 on soddy-medium podzolic sandy loam soil in Leningrad oblast. Three pasture areas were identified according to grazing intensity: low (section one), medium (section two), and high (section three). C_org and carbon in the clay fraction of the soil (C_clay) were determined according to the Tyurin method. The clay fraction (&lt;1 µm) was isolated using sedimentation and centrifugation. X-ray analysis of soil minerals was carried out in samples of the clay fraction of the soil on a DRON-3M diffractometer, Cu<i>K</i>α tube mode 30 mA, 30 kV, from 3.5 to 75°, goniometer rotation speed 1° per minute. The soil of site three was distinguished by the minimum content of C_org in both periods of the survey (May: 16 C g/kg of soil; July: 27.8 C g/kg). The C_org value in the July samples was 1.3 times less compared to site two and 1.2 times less than site one. C_clay values varied in the following range: 40.8–108.9 C g/kg fractions in May and 99.7–140.9 C g/kg fractions in July. The content of C_clay in July samples from site three was 1.3 times higher than the content in samples from site two and 1.4 times from site one. The variation in the enrichment coefficient (E_soc) was 1.78–3.50 in May and 2.89–5.07 in July. Its highest value was recorded for the soil of site three in July and exceeded the values in sites one and two by 1.75 times. The mineral depositing organic matter in the clay fraction of the soil of the site with high grazing intensity was mica with a deficiency of cation (<i>r</i> = 0.90). The increase in grazing intensity led to an increase in the content of C_clay.</p>","PeriodicalId":21531,"journal":{"name":"Russian Agricultural Sciences","volume":"164 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141513475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study into the Effect of a Combination of Biocoordination Compounds and a Water-Based Probiotic on the Performance of Broiler Chickens","authors":"S. V. Lebedev, T. V. Kazakova, O. V. Marshinskaya, E. V. Kiyaeva","doi":"10.3103/s1068367424700095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s1068367424700095","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of a combined probiotic, which included microbial mass of a mixture of live bacteria <i>L. acidophilum</i>, <i>B. adolescentis</i>, and chelate complex of amino acids with chromium on the dynamics of growth performance, feed intake and digestibility, slaughter quality, and morphological and biochemical blood parameters in the organism of broiler chickens of Arbor Acres cross (ZAO Poultry Farm Orenburgskaya). Up to 2 weeks of age, the birds were in the preparatory period and received the basic diet (<i>n</i> = 60). Starting from the age of 15 days, broilers of the experimental group additionally received a combined probiotic at a dose of 0.2 g/kg with water and a chelate complex of amino acids with chromium at a dose of 200 mg/kg with feed. The duration of the study period was 28 days. The body weight of broiler chickens of the experimental group was statistically significantly higher by 28 and 42 days of age than in the control by 18 (<i>p</i> = 0.03) and 14% (<i>p</i> = 0.01), respectively. The weight of gutted carcass in the experimental group was higher than in the control group by 24% (<i>p</i> = 0.05). Addition of the studied additive to the diet of birds contributed to the reduction of feed costs per 1 kg of gain by 0.3 kg (14%). Digestibility of crude protein in the experimental group was significantly higher by 2.7% (<i>p</i> = 0.03). The level of protein in meat of the experimental group was higher than in the control by 2.76% (<i>p</i> = 0.03). The introduction of probiotic in the diet had a stimulating effect on antioxidant enzymes. In broiler chickens of the experimental group, the activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in blood serum was significantly higher than in the control by 13 (<i>p</i> = 0.02) and 7.5% (<i>p</i> = 0.03), respectively. Probiotics, together with the complex of amino acids with chrome, due to its multipurpose action can have a positive effect on the organism of farm poultry and increase the efficiency of poultry farming.</p>","PeriodicalId":21531,"journal":{"name":"Russian Agricultural Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141530497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fodder and Seed Productivity of the Awnless Brome of the Selection of Omsk Agricultural Scientific Center","authors":"A. N. Puzikov, O. A. Yusova, A. Kh. Momonov, A. V. Dubinin","doi":"10.3103/s1068367424700113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s1068367424700113","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The study was conducted in 2019–2023 in the Omsk oblast in order to assess the feed and seed productivity of varieties of awnless brome of the Omsk Agricultural Scientific Center and the selection of the most promising material from the studied material for further use in breeding work. The material was varieties SibNIISKhoz-189 (standard), SibNIISKhoz-88, Titan, SibNIISKhoz-99, Elbrus, and Effect. Three cycles were carried out: summer sowing in 2019, 2020, and 2021, accounting years, respectively, of 2020–2021, 2021–2022, and 2022-2023. During the experiments, the yield of green mass and absolutely dry matter and seed productivity were evaluated, and biochemical analyzes of the green mass of varieties were carried out to determine the content of the mass fraction of protein and fiber. In all years of the research, during the growing season, increased air temperature was noted, exceeding the long-term average data by 1.6–1.8°С and a large deficit of precipitation. The HTC values by year were 0.60, 0.56, 1.02, and 0.85 in 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, respectively, with the optimal of 1.13. On average, over three cycles of research, a significant excess over the standard was characterized by varieties SibNIISKhoz-88 and SibNIISKhoz-99 in terms of green mass yield (9.6 and 7.3% to st.); SibNIISKhoz-88, SibNIISKhoz-99, Titan, and Effect in terms of absolutely dry matter yield (7.8–11.1% to st.); SibNIISKhoz-99, Elbrus, Effect, and Titan in terms of seed yield (16.5–22.8% to st.). The mass fraction of protein in the green mass of the Effect variety, on average, over three evaluation cycles significantly exceeded the standard by 0.8%, while the fiber content was at the standard level.</p>","PeriodicalId":21531,"journal":{"name":"Russian Agricultural Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141513473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Russian Science Schools in Adoption and Development of Mechanization and Electrification in Agriculture in Russia (1920–2023)","authors":"Yu. S. Tsench","doi":"10.3103/s1068367424700125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s1068367424700125","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The article analyzes the establishment and development of agricultural engineering science schools and their role in the adoption of agricultural mechanization and electrification in Russia in 1920–2023. The logic of the research conducted following scientific methods and procedures required definition of the key periods (pre-World War II 1920–1940 period, post-World War II 1945–1990 period, and the more recent 1991–2023 period). In the prewar period, the fundamentals of agricultural engineering science were developed to lay a strong foundation in science. The agricultural machinery development and introduction tended to come to the fore. The postwar period is characterized by the rapid development in all the spheres of agricultural mechanization and engineering, dealing with new agricultural machinery design, research methodology improvement, new, more efficient engineering technologies provision, and consolidation of efforts of representatives from the field of agricultural engineering science, including machinery and equipment manufacturers and testing experts. In the early 1990s, a significant reorganization was carried out in the field of engineering and technology of the Russian agricultural industrial complex. The Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences was established. Within the framework reforms of the Russian Academy of Sciences in October 2013, two state academies, the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences and the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, were set to merge with the Russian Academy of Sciences to form a single institution, the Russian Academy of Sciences. In 2016, the Federal Science Agency for Research Organizations in Russia intended to arrange a network made up of standard research institutions and affiliate members to create the federal science centers, based on the research institutes focusing on related areas of research interest. Disciples of Academician Vasily P. Goryachkin work for these research institutes and centers. They develop the rich scientific heritage of Vasily P. Goryachkin, upgrading the agricultural engineering science and technology policy system to a higher level with the use of the best scientific traditions in Russia.</p>","PeriodicalId":21531,"journal":{"name":"Russian Agricultural Sciences","volume":"159 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141507024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of Enzyme Activities in Soils within Agricultural Landscapes across Vladimir Opolye High Plains","authors":"M. K. Zinchenko, S. I. Zinchenko","doi":"10.3103/s106836742470006x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s106836742470006x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The research was carried out to study the enzyme activities in the gray forest soil (GF) with the second humus horizon (SHH) relative to the fertilizer application system within the agricultural landscapes across Vladimir oblast. The research study was conducted with two soil differences at the multifactor experiment field station in 2021–2023. The reference systems of fertilizer application intensity (for six-field crop rotation) were investigated. Thus, the levels of the fertilizer application intensity were designed as zero (Z) fertilizer + 40 t/ha manure, intense (I) fertilizers N₁₀₀Р₈₀К₁₆₀ + 40 t/ha manure, intense mineral (IM) fertilizers N₃₅₀P₂₂₀K₃₉₀, high-intense mineral (HIM) fertilizers N₄₈₀P₂₈₀K₅₇₅, intense organic and mineral (IOM) fertilizers N₃₁₀P₁₅₀K₃₁₀ + 60 t/ha manure, and high-intense organic and mineral (HIOM) fertilizers N₄₃₀P₁₆₀K₃₆₀ + 80t/ha manure. A steady trend to increasing the catalase and invertase enzyme activities in the GF SHH soils was revealed at the reference systems of fertilizer application. The average catalase activity in the GF soil with the second humus horizon was 23% higher than that in the GF soil at the same soil depth (20–40 cm). The maximum catalase enzyme activity in the experiment was observed at the reference system of intense fertilizer use (I) for the GF SHH soil. Thus, it comprised 2.41 and 1.96 mL O₂/g in the 0–20- and 20–40-cm layers, respectively. T invertase enzyme activity in the gray forest soil with the second humus horizon at the 20–40-cm soil depth was, on average, higher by 30% than that in the gray forest soil. The highest value for this parameter was recorded in two soil differences in the 0–20-cm layer, which comprised 3.50–3.55 mg glucose/g per 40 h. The average humus content in the GF soil with the second humus horizon made up 3.76%, which was 33% higher than that in the GF soil in the 20–40-cm layer. The maximum parameter value within the experiment (0–40-cm layer) was recorded in the GF SHH soil at the reference system of intense fertilizer use, which comprised 4.86%.</p>","PeriodicalId":21531,"journal":{"name":"Russian Agricultural Sciences","volume":"185 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141513474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in Soil Fertility and Crop Yields due to Short- and Long-Term Application of Fertilizers in a Grain–Beat Crop Rotation System in the Central Black Earth Region","authors":"O. A. Minakova, L. V. Aleksandrova, V. M. Vilkov","doi":"10.3103/s1068367424700101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s1068367424700101","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The purpose of this study was to identify changes in soil fertility and yields of main crops in a grain–beat crop rotation system as a result of long-term (ten rotation cycles) application of fertilizers in the Central Black Earth Region. Field works were conducted in Voronezh oblast on a low-humic leached chernozem soil. Changes that have occurred over the period from the first rotation cycle (1936–1945) to the tenth rotation cycle (2018–2022) were analyzed. The experiment involved the following variants: (1) control (no fertilizers), (2) N₁₀P₁₀K₁₀ + manure (2.8 t/ha), (3) N₂₀P₂₀K₂₀ + manure (2.8 t/ha), (4) N₃₀P₃₀K₃₀ + manure (2.8 t/ha), and (5) N₁₀P₁₀K₁₀ + manure (5.6 t/ha). The following changes in soil fertility occurred in the 0–20-cm layer over the period from the first to the tenth rotation cycle due to the effect of fertilizers: (1) in variants with the application of N₂₀P₂₀K₂₀ + manure (2.8 t/ha) and N₃₀P₃₀K₃₀ + manure (2.8 t/ha), hydrolytic soil acidity (H_h) increased by 5.26–83.3%, mobile K₂O content by 18.9–74.4%, cation exchange capacity by 27.8–35.7%, and mobile P₂O₅ content by 7.81–9.00%; (2) in the control variant and variants with the application of N₁₀P₁₀K₁₀ + manure (2.8 t/ha and 5.6 t/ha), humus content decreased by 0.41–0.73%, N-NO₃ content by 25.3–47.7% and P₂O₅ by 13.3–31.6%. Long-term application of fertilizers increased grain yields of barley by 11.3–50.1%, grain yields of oats by 4.0–51.2%, grain yields of winter wheat by 13.4–30.6%, and tuber yields of sugar beet by 15.0–36.7%. In addition, it reduced clover fresh yields by 4.9–27.7% and increased by-product yields in all crops by 6.1–23.0%. Over the period from the first to the tenth rotation cycle, fertilized arable land productivity per 1 ha increased by 3.30–18.3% (less yield increase by 960 grain units/ha due to the introduction of more productive modern varieties). Long-term application of N₃₀P₃₀K₃₀ + manure (2.8 t/ha) ensured the highest level of soil fertility and productivity in the crop rotation system. The fertilization scheme was as follows: N₁₃₅P₁₃₅K₁₃₅ applied to sugar beet fields twice per nine-field crop rotation cycle and manure applied to the fallow field once per crop rotation cycle at a rate of 25 t/ha.</p>","PeriodicalId":21531,"journal":{"name":"Russian Agricultural Sciences","volume":"138 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141507032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Managing Integrated NPSB Fertilizers and Farmyard Manure to Improve the Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Yield in Guraferda Districts, Southwest Ethiopia","authors":"Fessha Alemu, Tesfaye Lishan","doi":"10.3103/s1068367424700149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s1068367424700149","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Sesame is an important oil and cash crop produced in Ethiopia. However, its productivity is low due to poor agronomic practice like inappropriate use of fertilizers. The study was conducted at Gurafarda districts, under farmer field in 2021 cropping season to evaluate the effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on sesame yield improvement. The experiment consisted three levels of FYM (0, 5 and 10 t/ha), four levels of NPSB fertilizers (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg NPSB/ha). It was laid out as RCBD in a factorial arrangement with three replications. Agronomic data were collected and analyzed. The showed that interaction effect of FYM and NPSB fertilizers significantly increased days to 50% flowering and 75% maturity days, plant height, number of primary branches/plants, productive capsule per plants, above ground biomass and seed yield. 1000 seed weight harvest index were affected by their main effects. The longest days to flowering (47.66) and maturity (109.16) days were observed from application of 10 t FYM + 150 kg N PSB/ha; and the shortest flowering and maturity (36.66 and 95) days were recorded from control treatments, respectively. The maximum and minimum number of primary branches (5.5, 2.96)/plant was obtained at the highest levels and zero application of FYM and NPSB respectively. The tallest and shortest plants (180.8 cm, 92.75) were recorded from application of 10 t FYM + 150 kg NPSB/ha and nil application of FYM and NPSB respectively. Moreover, combination of 10 t FYM/ha with 50 kg NPSB /ha resulted in maximum seed yield (652.3) kg/ha and aboveground biomass (4529.09) kg/ha, was recorded from 10 t FYM + 150 kg NPSB/ha; which was in statistical parity with application of 10 t FYM + 100 kg/ha NPSB. The highest net benefit (49 996.3 ETB) and the highest marginal rate of return (16 323.2%) were obtained from combined application of 10t FYM and 50 kg NPSB fertilizers/ha, thus, it could be concluded that application of farmyard manure at the rate of 10 t/ha with + 50 kg NPSB ha^–1 resulted in economic benefit, implying that farmers in the study area should make a choice of this farmyard manure and NPSB fertilizer rate for enhancing production of the crop and increase their household income.</p>","PeriodicalId":21531,"journal":{"name":"Russian Agricultural Sciences","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141507033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Winter Rye Varieties That Can Be Used as Sources of Resistance against Fungal Diseases in Phytoimmunity Breeding","authors":"L. M. Shchekleina, T. K. Sheshegova","doi":"10.3103/s1068367424700022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s1068367424700022","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The purpose of this study was to identify new sources of nonspecific resistance against most harmful diseases for the purposes of winter rye phytoimmunity breeding. The study was conducted in 2020–2022 in Kirov oblast. More than 140 domestic winter rye varieties were examined against the following infection-provocation backgrounds: snow mold, powdery mildew, brown and stem rust, <i>Septoria</i> leaf blotch, root rot, and ergot. The disease rates were estimated using commonly accepted techniques. The progress of fungal diseases in varietal biocoenoses was analyzed over the course of plant ontogenesis (phases 31 to 85 on the Zadoks growth scale). The plant–microbial interactions and resistance parameters were assessed based on two indices: AUDPC (area under disease progress curve) and RI (resistance index). In total, 28 varieties distinguished by nonspecific resistance to two or more diseases and slow progress of diseases in varietal biocoenoses (the <i>slow rusting</i> trait) were identified: Lika, Garmoniya, Simfoniya, Perepel, Grafit, Grafit FP, Era, Evrika, Vikras, Yantarnaya, Chusovaya, Saratovskaya 7, etc. These varieties can be used as sources in phytoimmunity breeding. Among them, the most high-yielding (840–1060 g/m²) varieties are Batist, Dymka, Perepel, Lika, Simfoniya, Kiprez, Grafit FP, Flora, Evrika, Dana, Marusen’ka, Era, Saratovskaya 7, and Chusovaya. The correlation coefficient (<i>r</i>) between yield capacity and aftergrowth after snow mold damages varies from 0.49 (2022) to 0.87 (2020), which confirms the high harmfulness of this disease in the studied region. The following varieties are of certain immunological value in terms of breeding for ergot resistance: Rada, Kiprez, Flora, Lika, Batist, Garmoniya, Simfoniya, and Chusovaya; compared to the standard and other varieties, they are significantly more resistant to ergot. The composed regression equations are linear (R² = 0.96–0.99) and indicate daily progress of brown rust (5.4–16.4%) and stem rust (4.7–26.5%).</p>","PeriodicalId":21531,"journal":{"name":"Russian Agricultural Sciences","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141507034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of ASIP and MC1R Gene Polymorphisms in Kabardin Horses","authors":"A. D. Khaudov, M. H. Zhekamukhov, A. M. Zaitsev, Z. H. Amshokova, N. V. Berbekova, H. K. Amshokov","doi":"10.3103/s1068367424700010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s1068367424700010","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Horses’ coat color has been a subject of interest due to its aesthetic appeal and importance as a criterion for breed identification. Understanding the genetic mechanisms underlying the coat color variations is very important for horse breeders and geneticists. The purpose of the research is to study the effects of polymorphisms of the <i>MC1R</i> and <i>ASIP</i> genes on the coat color of Kabardin horses. The frequencies of occurrence of various alleles and genotypes affecting the equine coat colors and patterns were calculated based on the results of genotyping 127 Kabardin horses for the <i>MC1R</i> and <i>ASIP</i> genes. A statistical analysis was performed to reveal any relationships between them. The Kabardin horses exhibit a diverse array of coat colors, including black-and-bay, black, bay, dark bay, and gray. The majority of the horses surveyed (96.9%) were found to have the dominant allele <i>E</i> of the <i>MC1R</i> gene, associated with the eumelanin synthesis and the darker coat color. The frequency of occurrence of genotype A/A of the <i>ASIP</i> gene tended to increase with the base coat color growing lighter, reaching 0.0, 9.5, 56.6, and 84.8% for black, black-and-bay, dark bay, and bay coat colors, respectively. The mutant allele <i>a</i> frequency made up 0.280. In general, it contributed to the occurrence of the black coat color in Kabardin horses. The outcomes of the research study can contribute to insights into understanding the genetic mechanisms underlying the coat color variations in equine populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":21531,"journal":{"name":"Russian Agricultural Sciences","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141513477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}