Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health最新文献

{"title":"Effectiveness of a team-level participatory approach aimed at improving sustainable employability among long-term care workers: a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Cécile R L Boot","doi":"10.5271/sjweh.4201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.4201","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate one-year effects of a team-level participatory workplace intervention on need for recovery and satisfaction of the needs for autonomy, competence and relatedness among long-term care workers by means of a randomized controlled trial.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Teams of long-term care workers were randomly assigned to the intervention group (ten teams; N=78) or the wait-list control group (ten teams; N=58). The intervention consisted of a problem inventory, related to the needs for autonomy, competence and relatedness, a brainstorm towards solutions and an action plan divided over three meetings guided by a facilitator. The primary outcome was need for recovery and secondary outcomes were the satisfaction of the needs for autonomy, competence and relatedness. Outcomes were measured at baseline and after 6, 9 and 12 months. Linear mixed model analyses were performed in R.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was no significant difference in need for recovery between groups over time. The intervention group did show a slight improvement of the satisfaction of the need for relatedness over time, while in contrast, the control group showed a decrease over time. The satisfaction of the need for autonomy and competence did not significantly differ between both groups over time.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The approach had no significant effect on the primary outcome need for recovery. The intervention did have a significant positive impact on the satisfaction of the need for relatedness, possibly because, after a period of being unable to be close, it provided opportunity to gather and work together as a team.</p>","PeriodicalId":21528,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142865169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a gender-specific European job exposure matrix (EuroJEM) for physical workload and its validation against musculoskeletal pain.","authors":"Svetlana Solovieva, Alexis Descatha, Ingrid Sivesind Mehlum, Eira Viikari-Juntura, Karina Undem, Karin Berglund, Fabien Gilbert, Francesca Wuytack, Angelo d'Errico, Kathryn Badarin, Bradley Evanoff, Katarina Kjellberg","doi":"10.5271/sjweh.4203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.4203","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim was to develop a gender-specific European job exposure matrix (EuroJEM) for occupational physical workload and study its predictive validity for musculoskeletal pain in four European cohorts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>National, gender-specific JEM from Finland, France, Norway and Sweden, based on self-reported exposure information, were evaluated for similarities in exposures, exposure definitions, and occupational coding. The EuroJEM harmonized five exposures: heavy lifting, faster breathing due to heavy workload, kneeling/squatting, forward bent posture, and working with hands above shoulder level. Our expert panel addressed disagreements and missing information to reach consensus on exposure levels across occupations. To assess predictive validity of the EuroJEM, we examined associations between the harmonized exposure measures and self-reported musculoskeletal pain across the four cohorts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The EuroJEM provides semi-quantitative exposure estimates for 374 ISCO-88 (COM) occupational codes. Five categories of exposure were defined by the proportion of workers exposed within each occupation. Comparable and statistically significant associations were found between EuroJEM exposures and low back, shoulder, and knee pain across all cohorts and genders, except for knee pain among women in the Finnish cohort. For instance, in both genders heavy lifting, faster breathing due to heavy workload, and forward bent posture were statistically significantly associated with low-back pain in all four cohorts, with OR ranging from 1.25-2.18 (men) and 1.23-2.04 (women).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite differences in study populations and outcome definitions, good predictive validity was observed in each national cohort, suggesting that EuroJEM can be an effective tool for exposure assessment in large-scale European epidemiological studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":21528,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142838871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupational exposures of firefighting and prostate cancer risk in the Norwegian Fire Departments Cohort.","authors":"Niki Marjerrison, Tom K Grimsrud, Johnni Hansen, Jan Ivar Martinsen, Karl-Christian Nordby, Raymond Olsen, Jo S Stenehjem, Marit B Veierød, Kristina Kjærheim","doi":"10.5271/sjweh.4202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.4202","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Excess incidence of prostate cancer (PC) is frequently observed among firefighters; however, the association with specific occupational exposures of firefighting, as well as the influence of a medical surveillance bias, remains unclear. Our aim was to study PC risk within a firefighter cohort, applying indicators of exposures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used indicators of various firefighting exposures to examine PC risk among men in the Norwegian Fire Departments Cohort (N=4251). Incident PC cases, including clinical characteristics, were obtained from the Cancer Registry of Norway (1960-2021). Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) by cumulative exposure in tertiles (reference: lowest) for all, aggressive, and indolent PC, with adjustment for age and birth cohort. The cumulative incidence of PC across birth cohorts and diagnostic periods was examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No clear associations emerged for any of the exposure indicators, although we observed an HR of 1.31 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.63-2.72] for aggressive PC in the highest tertile of fire exposure score and 1.31 (95% CI 0.60-2.89) for indolent PC in the highest tertile of inhalation score. Assessment of cumulative incidence demonstrated a greater number of diagnoses at younger ages after 1990, particularly for indolent and unclassifiable PC.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We found little support for an association between firefighting exposures and PC risk. However, our study had few cases in analyses by clinical stage. Challenges in studies of firefighters' PC risk remain, including difficulties in exposure characterization and the unclear magnitude of a medical surveillance bias.</p>","PeriodicalId":21528,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142824481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The consequences of after-hours work: a fixed-effect study of burnout, pain, detachment and work-home conflict among Norwegian workers.","authors":"Vilde Hoff Bernstrøm, Mari Ingelsrud, Wendy Nilsen","doi":"10.5271/sjweh.4198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.4198","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Working outside the workplace and ordinary work hours has become common for a larger part of the working population. The objective of the current study was to examine the relationship between working after-hours and employee burnout, musculoskeletal pain, detachment and work-home conflict, delineating the independent effect of four different types of after-hours work, and the moderating role of work-time control.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The data comprised longitudinal questionnaire data from 1465 full-time employees in Norway across four waves (2021-2022). We examined the link between four types of after-hours work: (i) long daily work hours (>10 hours); (ii) late evening work (after 21:00 hours); (iii) quick returns (<11 hours continued rest); and (iv) long weekly work hours (>40 hours a week) and employee health and wellbeing (ie, work-home conflict, detachment, burnout, and musculoskeletal pain), in fixed effects models. We stratified the analyses by working-time control.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results support a link between late evening work, long daily and weekly work, and higher work-home conflict and lower detachment as well as between weekly work hours and higher burnout. The findings yielded limited support for work-time control as a moderating factor; the link between quick returns and burnout was only evident for employees with below-average work-time control.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The four types of after-hours work were all independently related to at least one employee outcome, although the link with quick returns was only evident when work-time control was below average. The results are important for practitioners aiming to implement family-friendly and healthy practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":21528,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142771843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between bioaerosols, lung function work-shift changes and inflammatory markers: A study of recycling workers.","authors":"Karoline Kærgaard Hansen, Vivi Schlünssen, Karin Broberg, Kirsten Østergaard, Margit W Frederiksen, Torben Sigsgaard, Anne Mette Madsen, Henrik Albert Kolstad","doi":"10.5271/sjweh.4187","DOIUrl":"10.5271/sjweh.4187","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We investigated associations between bioaerosol exposures and work-shift changes in lung function and inflammatory markers among recycling workers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Inhalable dust was measured with personal samplers and analyzed for endotoxin, bacteria, and fungi (incubated at 25 °C and 37 °C) levels. Lung function (FEV1, FVC) was measured before and after work-shifts and serum concentrations of inflammatory markers (CRP, SAA, CC16, IL1B, IL2, IL4, IL5, IL6, IL8, IL10, IL13, and TNF) after the shift. Associations were explored by linear mixed-effects models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 170 measurements from 88 production workers exposed to inhalable dust, endotoxin, bacteria, and fungi (25 °C and 37 °C) at geometric mean levels of 0.6 mg/m3, 10.7 EU/m3, 1.6×104 CFU/m3, 4.4×104 CFU/m3, and 103 CFU/m3, respectively, and 14 administrative workers exposed at 7-fold lower levels. No associations were observed between bioaerosol exposures and work-shift change in lung function. IL2, IL6, IL10, and TNF concentrations were positively associated with inhalable dust levels, SAA and IL6 with bacteria, CRP, SAA, IL8, and TNF with fungi (25 °C or 37 °C), with the latter being the only statistically significant finding (exp(β) 1.40, 95% confidence interval 1.01-1.96).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study of recycling workers exposed to bioaerosol levels generally below those of farmers and compost workers and above background levels did not indicate any acute effect on lung function. Several inflammatory markers tended to increase with exposure, suggesting a systemic effect. Future research should combine data from bioaerosol-exposed workers to uncover health risks that may form the basis for health-based occupational exposure limits.</p>","PeriodicalId":21528,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health","volume":" ","pages":"602-612"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11618316/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142294413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facilitators and barriers for working beyond statutory pension age: A prospective cohort study across 26 European countries.","authors":"Lars Louis Andersen, Joaquín Calatayud, Rodrigo Núñez-Cortés, Ana Polo-López, Rubén López-Bueno","doi":"10.5271/sjweh.4189","DOIUrl":"10.5271/sjweh.4189","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aging population of European countries highlights the need for extended working lives. This study aims to investigate facilitators and barriers for working beyond the statutory pension age (SPA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using data from waves 1, 2, 4-9 of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) (2004-2022), we followed 9131 workers with a mean age of 56.9 [standard deviation (SD) 3.5] years from 26 European countries until they surpassed the SPA for their respective country, sex and year of participation. Using robust Poisson regression, we modelled the prospective association of work factors, lifestyle, health, and demographics at baseline with working at least one year beyond the SPA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants were followed for 9.5 (SD 3.9) years. After surpassing the SPA by at least one year, 18% were still working. Among the work factors, opportunities for skill development [risk ratio (RR) 1.20, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07-1.34] and recognition at work (RR 1.13, 95% CI 1.01-1.26) facilitated working beyond SPA, while time pressure (RR 0.89, 95% CI 0.81-0.97) and poor prospects for job advancement (RR 0.76, 95% CI 0.70-0.83) were barriers. For the other factors, smoking was negatively associated with working beyond the SPA, while living in the northern part of Europe, higher level of education, and being divorced or separated were positively associated with working beyond the SPA.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This prospective cohort study across 26 European countries identified four modifiable work factors that influenced working beyond the SPA. Addressing modifiable barriers and facilitators at the workplace and through public health initiatives could help extend working lives in Europe.</p>","PeriodicalId":21528,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health","volume":" ","pages":"622-630"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11618848/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142353110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Work-family conflicts and sickness absence due to mental disorders among female municipal employees - a register-linked study comparing health and social care employees to employees in other sectors.","authors":"Jaakko Harkko, Aino Salonsalmi, Noora A Heinonen, Tea Lallukka, Anne Kouvonen","doi":"10.5271/sjweh.4191","DOIUrl":"10.5271/sjweh.4191","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to examine (i) if work-to-family conflicts (WtFC) and family-to-work conflicts (FtWC) are associated with sickness absence due to mental disorders and (ii) whether these associations are different among health and social care (HSC) employees compared to other municipal employee sectors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Helsinki Health Study survey data collected in 2017 among 19-39-year-old female municipal employees (N=2557) were prospectively linked to administrative Social Insurance Institution of Finland register data on long-term sickness absence due to mental disorders (SA-MD) covering a follow-up of up to five years. The associations of WtFC and FtWC and SA-MD were analyzed using Cox regression models stratified by employment sector (HSC, education, other), adjusting for sociodemographic and health-related covariates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of HSC employees, 16% had SA-MD during the follow-up, which surpassed the figures for employees in education (12%) and other (11%) sectors. In the HSC sector, the youngest employees had the highest prevalence of SA-MD and, among HSC employees, prior SA-MD was the most common. In Kaplan-Meier curves, the steepest increase in SA-MD was observed for HSC employees. WtFC [hazard ratio (HR) 1.84, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.39-2.45] and FtWC (HR 1.78, 95% CI 1.32-2.40) were associated with SA-MD among HSC employees. The associations were rather similar for employees in education and other sectors. Adjusting for work-related factors and health history somewhat attenuated the associations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Better possibilities to combine work and family life might aid in preventing SA-MD in all employment sectors.</p>","PeriodicalId":21528,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health","volume":" ","pages":"631-640"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11618849/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142473799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards the year 2049: The next 25 years of occupational health and safety research.","authors":"Annina Ropponen, Reiner Rugulies, Alex Burdorf","doi":"10.5271/sjweh.4200","DOIUrl":"10.5271/sjweh.4200","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>In this discussion paper, we close our 2024 series reflecting on the successes, failures, and promises of occupational health and safety research in celebration of the 50th anniversary of the Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health (SJWEH). This paper aims to elaborate on the future of our research field.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a narrative review of lessons learned in the series, examining insights gained and key takeaways. Additionally, we explored the current and anticipated agendas of major institutions, including the World Health Organization and the European Union, on occupational health and safety, as well as potential developments in the academic publishing industry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Occupational health and safety research has significantly evolved over the last 50 years, emphasizing longitudinal study designs, enriching observational data with registry-based information, and expanding the scope of hazardous determinants impacting workers` health. Novel statistical approaches have further enabled researchers to address complex associations, such as mediation effects, and to strengthen causal inference in observational studies. At the same time, the publishing business is changing rapidly, with artificial intelligence poised to reshape both research practices and the landscape of academic publishing.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In the changing landscape of research and academic publishing, our goal is for SJWEH to continue to be a leading source of high-quality research dedicated to protecting and improving workers' health. We are curious and excited to see where all these current and anticipated changes will lead in the years to come.</p>","PeriodicalId":21528,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health","volume":" ","pages":"581-587"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11616482/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142626348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential attrition and engagement in randomized controlled trials of occupational mental health interventions in person and online: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Carlota de Miquel, Josep Maria Haro, Christina M van der Feltz-Cornelis, Ana Ortiz-Tallo, Tom Chen, Marjo Sinokki, Päivi Naumanen, Beatriz Olaya, Rodrigo A Lima","doi":"10.5271/sjweh.4173","DOIUrl":"10.5271/sjweh.4173","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed the differential attrition and utilization of occupational mental health interventions, specifically examining delivery methods (internet-based versus in-person).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The research, with papers spanning 2010-2024, involved filtering criteria and comprehensive searches across PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science Core (PROSPERO registration n. CRD42022322394). Of 28 683 titles, 84 records were included in the systematic review, with 75 in meta-analyses. Risk of bias was assessed through the revised Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized control trials and funnel plots. Differential attrition across studies was meta-analysed through a random-effects model with limited maximum-likelihood estimation for the degree of heterogeneity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Findings reveal higher mean differential attrition in the intervention group, indicating a potential challenge in maintaining participant engagement. The attrition rates were not significantly influenced by the mode of intervention delivery (internet versus in-person). Compensation for participation and year of publication could potentially influence differential attrition from baseline to follow-up measurements.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results suggest a need for cautious consideration of attrition in occupational mental health intervention study designs and emphasize the importance of adapting statistical analyses to mitigate potential bias arising from differential attrition.</p>","PeriodicalId":21528,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health","volume":" ","pages":"588-601"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11616721/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141789033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In or out of reach? Long-term trends in the reach of health assessments in the Swedish occupational setting.","authors":"Elin Ekblom-Bak, Magnus Lindwall, Linnea Eriksson, Andreas Stenling, Magnus Svartengren, Robert Lundmark, Lena Kallings, Erik Hemmingsson, Daniel Väisänen","doi":"10.5271/sjweh.4192","DOIUrl":"10.5271/sjweh.4192","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the reach of a large-scale health assessment delivered by the occupational health service in Sweden for almost 30 years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 418 286 individuals who participated in a health assessment (Health Profile Assessment, HPA) between 1995-2021 were included. A comparative sample was obtained from Statistics Sweden, comprising the entire working population for each year (4 962 127-6 011 829 unique individuals per time period). Sociodemographic and work organization characteristics were compared between the HPA and comparative population for six different periods. Under- and overrepresented groups in the private and public sectors were identified using the most recent data (2015-2021).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>With negative per cent indicating underrepresentation, the most notable changes over time in representation in the HPA population compared to the comparative were observed for women (-1.2% to -12.8%), private sector employees (-9.4% to 14.9%), individuals with ≥3 years of employment (14.5% to 0.9%), in personal care (0.8% to -8.8%) and manufacturing (0.7% to 6.4%) occupations. Consistently overrepresented groups (median representation across periods) included individuals who had a single income source (6.3%) and were middle-aged (10.8%), born in Sweden (5.9%), associate professionals (8.7%), and employed in companies with high operating profit (17.9%) and low staff turnover (14.3%). Conversely, individuals with low income (-34.0%) and employed in small companies/organizations (-10.9%) were consistently underrepresented. Middle-aged women in education occupations were most underrepresented in the public sector, while in the private sector, it was young women in service and shop sales occupations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This health assessment has reached many professionals, including hard-to-reach groups, but did not fully represents the Swedish workforce throughout the years.</p>","PeriodicalId":21528,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health","volume":" ","pages":"641-652"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11626603/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142473798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}