Scandinavian Journal of Immunology最新文献

{"title":"Activation of neutrophils excels the therapeutic potential of Mycobacterium indicus pranii and heat-induced promastigotes against antimony-resistant Leishmania donovani infection","authors":"Kamalika Roy, Sanhita Ghosh, Mintu Karan, Suman Karmakar, Supriya Nath, Bedanta Das, Sharmistha Paul, Pritam Mandal, Monalisa Ray, Mousumi Das, Soumyadip Mukherjee, Somaditya Dey, Chiranjib Pal","doi":"10.1111/sji.13350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sji.13350","url":null,"abstract":"Repurposing drugs and adjuvants is an attractive choice of present therapy that reduces the substantial costs, chances of failure, and systemic toxicity. <i>Mycobacterium indicus pranii</i> was originally developed as a leprosy vaccine but later has been found effective against <i>Leishmania donovani</i> infection. To extend our earlier study, here we reported the immunotherapeutic modulation of the splenic and circulatory neutrophils in favour of hosts as neutrophils actually serve as the pro-parasitic portable shelter to extend the <i>Leishmania</i> infection specifically during the early entry into the hosts' circulation. We targeted to disrupt this early pro-parasitic incidence by the therapeutic combination of <i>M. indicus pranii</i> and heat-induced promastigotes against antimony-resistant <i>L. donovani</i> infection. The combination therapy induced the functional expansion of CD11b⁺Ly6C^intLy6G^hi neutrophils both in the post-infected spleen, and also in the circulation of post-treated animals followed by the immediate <i>Leishmania</i> infection. More importantly, the enhanced expression of MHC-II, phagocytic uptake of the parasites by the circulatory neutrophils as well as the oxidative burst were induced that limited the chances of the very early establishment of the infection. The enhanced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, like IL-1α and TNF-α indicated resistance to the parasite-mediated takeover of the neutrophils, as these cytokines are critical for the activation of T cell-mediated immunity and host-protective responses. Additionally, the induction of essential transcription factors and cytokines for early granulocytic lineage commitment suggests that the strategy not only contributed to the peripheral activation of the neutrophils but also promoted granulopoiesis in the bone marrow.","PeriodicalId":21493,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Immunology","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139411897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The inverse association between the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele and C-reactive protein levels is stronger in persons with obesity and diabetes.","authors":"Lasse Melvaer Giil, Silja Hanseth, Ognjen Bojovic, Jan Erik Nordrehaug, Per Magne Ueland, Klaus Meyer, Grethe S Tell","doi":"10.1111/sji.13323","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sji.13323","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>C-reactive protein (CRP) is lower in patients who carry the apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 allele variant (APOEε4) of the APOE gene. This could however be explained by other factors observed in APOEε4 carriers, such as lower body mass index (BMI), possibly less diabetes and more use of statins, all associated with CRP concentrations.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess the association between CRP and APOEε4 stratified by BMI, statin use and diabetes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included 2700 community-dwelling older adults from the Hordaland health study with genotyping of the APOE gene by a one-step polymerase chain reaction and CRP measured using immuno-MALDI-TOF MS. Differences in CRP concentrations by APOE (ε4 vs no ε4) were assessed using the Mann-Whitney U tests, also stratified by statin use, diabetes and BMI categories. Finally, we performed linear regression with log (CRP) as the outcome and APOEε4 together with statin use, diabetes, BMI and their respective interactions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CRP was higher in APOEε4 carriers irrespective of BMI, diabetes and statin use. In APOEε4 non-carriers, CRP was elevated with diabetes and obesity as expected. However, this was attenuated or even reversed in APOEε4 carriers. Such differences were not observed for statin use.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Statin use, obesity or diabetes did not confound the known association between the APOEε4 allele and lower CRP. Our data suggest that CRP is less responsive to inflammatory cues involved in diabetes and obesity in APOEε4 carriers. Epidemiological studies should take note of these relationships, as CRP, APOEε4, diabetes and obesity are both linked to neurodegenerative and cardiovascular disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":21493,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"e13323"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41170126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MASP-2 deficiency does not prevent the progression of diabetic kidney disease in a mouse model of type 1 diabetes","authors":"Holt Charlotte Brinck, Halkjær Lene, Dudler Tom, Schwaeble Wilhelm, Hansen Troels Krarup, Thiel Steffen, Østergaard Jakob Appel","doi":"10.1111/sji.13348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sji.13348","url":null,"abstract":"Mannan-binding lectin (MBL) initiates the lectin pathway of complement and has been linked to albuminuria and mortality in diabetes. We hypothesize that MBL-associated serine protease 2 (MASP-2) deficiency will protect against diabetes-induced kidney damage. Male C57BL/6J MASP-2 knockout (<i>Masp2</i>^{<i>−/−</i>}) mice and wildtype (WT) mice were divided into a diabetic group and a non-diabetic group. Renal hypertrophy, albumin excretion, mesangial area and specific mRNA expressions in the renal cortex were measured after 8 and 12 weeks of diabetes. By two-way ANOVA it was tested if MASP-2 modulated the renal effects of diabetes, that is interaction. After 12 weeks of diabetes <i>Masp2</i>^{<i>−/−</i>} diabetic mice had a smaller mesangium at 21.1% of the glomerular area (95% CI 19.7, 22.6) compared with WT diabetic mice, 25.2% (23.2, 27.2), <i>p</i>(<i>interaction</i>) = 0.001. After 8 weeks of diabetes, plasma cystatin C was 261.5 ng/mL (229.6, 297.8) in the WT diabetic group compared to 459.9 ng/mL (385.7, 548.3) in non-diabetic WT mice, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001. By contrast, no difference in plasma cystatin C levels was found between the <i>Masp2</i>^{<i>−/−</i>} diabetic mice, 288.2 ng/mL (260.6, 318.6) and <i>Masp2</i>^{<i>−/−</i>} non-diabetic mice, 293.5 ng/mL (221.0, 389.7), <i>p =</i> 0.86 and <i>p(interaction</i>) = 0.001. We demonstrated a protective effect of MASP-2 deficiency on mesangial hypertrophy after 12 weeks of diabetes and an effect on plasma cystatin C level. MASP-2 deficiency did, however, fail to protect against diabetic-induced alterations of kidney weight, albuminuria and renal mRNA expression of fibrotic- and oxidative stress markers.","PeriodicalId":21493,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Immunology","volume":"42 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139057047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From hepatitis B virus infection to acute-on-chronic liver failure: The dynamic role of hepatic macrophages","authors":"Yu Zhang, Dongsheng Wu, Xiaoling Tian, Bin Chen","doi":"10.1111/sji.13349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sji.13349","url":null,"abstract":"Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a progressive disease that is associated with rapid worsening of clinical symptoms and high mortality. A multicentre prospective study from China demonstrated that patients with hepatitis B virus-related ACLF (HBV-ACLF) exhibited worse clinical characteristics and higher mortality rates compared to non-HBV-ACLF patients. Immune dysregulation is closely linked to the potential mechanisms of initiation and progression of ACLF. Innate immune response, which is represented by monocytes/macrophages, is up-regulated across ACLF development. This suggests that monocytes/macrophages play an essential role in maintaining the immune homeostasis of ACLF. Information that has been published in recent years shows that the immune status and function of monocytes/macrophages vary in ACLF precipitated by different chronic liver diseases. Monocytes/macrophages have an immune activation effect in hepatitis B-precipitated-ACLF, but they exhibit an immune suppression in cirrhosis-precipitated-ACLF. Therefore, this review aims to explain whether this difference affects the clinical outcome in HBV-ACLF patients as well as the mechanisms involved. We summarize the novel findings that highlight the dynamic polarization phenotype and functional status of hepatic macrophages from the stage of HBV infection to ACLF development. Moreover, we discuss how different HBV-related liver disease tissue microenvironments affect the phenotype and function of hepatic macrophages. In summary, increasing developments in understanding the differences in immune phenotype and functional status of hepatic macrophages in ACLF patients will provide new perspectives towards the effective restoration of ACLF immune homeostasis.","PeriodicalId":21493,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Immunology","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138826646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chlamydia pathogenesis in mice: Male immunity and the outcome of female infection","authors":"P. Höglund","doi":"10.1111/sji.13347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sji.13347","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21493,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Immunology","volume":"20 33","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139000787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the intricacies of COVID-19: Autoimmunity, multi-organ manifestations and the role of autoantibodies","authors":"Zetao Ding, Xingyi Wei, Haoyu Pan, Hui Shi, Yue Shi","doi":"10.1111/sji.13344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sji.13344","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 is a severe infectious disease caused by a SARS-CoV-2 infection. It has caused a global pandemic and can lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Beyond the respiratory system, the disease manifests in multiple organs, producing a spectrum of clinical symptoms. A pivotal factor in the disease's progression is autoimmunity, which intensifies its severity and contributes to multi-organ injuries. The intricate interaction between the virus' spike protein and human proteins may engender the generation of autoreactive antibodies through molecular mimicry. This can further convolute the immune response, with the potential to escalate into overt autoimmunity. There is also emerging evidence to suggest that COVID-19 vaccinations might elicit analogous autoimmune responses. Advanced technologies have pinpointed self-reactive antibodies that target diverse organs or immune-modulatory proteins. The interplay between autoantibody levels and multi-organ manifestations underscores the importance of regular monitoring of serum antibodies and proinflammatory markers. A combination of immunosuppressive treatments and antiviral therapy is crucial for managing COVID-19-associated autoimmune diseases. The review will focus on the generation of autoantibodies in the context of COVID-19 and their impact on organ health.","PeriodicalId":21493,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Immunology","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138577044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut bacteria at 6 months of age are associated with immune cell status in 1-year-old children","authors":"Morten Nilsen, Unni Cecilie Nygaard, Petter Brodin, Karin Cecilie Lødrup Carlsen, Cecilie Fredheim, Guttorm Haugen, Gunilla Hedlin, Christine Monceyron Jonassen, Unni Lise Albertsdottir Jonsmoen, Tadepally Lakshmikanth, Björn Nordlund, Axel Olin, Eva Maria Rehbinder, Håvard O. Skjerven, Lars Snipen, Anne Cathrine Staff, Cilla Söderhäll, Riyas Vettukattil, Knut Rudi","doi":"10.1111/sji.13346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sji.13346","url":null,"abstract":"Age-related gut bacterial changes during infancy have been widely studied, but it remains still unknown how these changes are associated with immune cell composition. This study's aim was to explore if the temporal development of gut bacteria during infancy prospectively affects immune cell composition. Faecal bacteria and short-chain fatty acids were analysed from 67 PreventADALL study participants at four timepoints (birth to 12 months) using reduced metagenome sequencing and gas chromatography. Immune cell frequencies were assessed using mass cytometry in whole blood samples at 12 months. The infants clustered into four groups based on immune cell composition: clusters 1 and 2 showed a high relative abundance of naïve cells, cluster 3 exhibited increased abundance of classical- and non-classical monocytes and clusters 3 and 4 had elevated neutrophil levels. At all age groups, we did observe significant associations between the gut microbiota and immune cell clusters; however, these were generally from low abundant species. Only at 6 months of age we observed significant associations between abundant (&gt;8%) species and immune cell clusters. <i>Bifidobacterium adolescentis</i> and <i>Porphyromonadaceae</i> are associated with cluster 1, while <i>Bacteroides fragilis</i> and <i>Bifidobacterium longum</i> are associated with clusters 3 and 4 respectively. These species have been linked to T-cell polarization and maturation. No significant correlations were found between short-chain fatty acids and immune cell composition. Our findings suggest that abundant gut bacteria at 6 months may influence immune cell frequencies at 12 months, highlighting the potential role of gut microbiota in shaping later immune cell composition.","PeriodicalId":21493,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Immunology","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138556868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To be remembered: B cell memory response against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants in vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals","authors":"Nafees Ahmed, Atharv Athavale, Ankita H. Tripathi, Adarsh Subramaniam, Santosh K. Upadhyay, Anil Kumar Pandey, Ramesh Chandra Rai, Amit Awasthi","doi":"10.1111/sji.13345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sji.13345","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 disease has plagued the world economy and affected the overall well-being and life of most of the people. Natural infection as well as vaccination leads to the development of an immune response against the pathogen. This involves the production of antibodies, which can neutralize the virus during future challenges. In addition, the development of cellular immune memory with memory B and T cells provides long-lasting protection. The longevity of the immune response has been a subject of intensive research in this field. The extent of immunity conferred by different forms of vaccination or natural infections remained debatable for long. Hence, understanding the effectiveness of these responses among different groups of people can assist government organizations in making informed policy decisions. In this article, based on the publicly available data, we have reviewed the memory response generated by some of the vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants, particularly B cell memory in different groups of individuals.","PeriodicalId":21493,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Immunology","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138546600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sphingosine 1-phosphate combining with S1PR4 promotes regulatory T cell differentiation related to FAO through Nrf2/PPARα.","authors":"Rui Feng, Chuang Liu, Zilin Cui, Zirong Liu, Yamin Zhang","doi":"10.1111/sji.13322","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sji.13322","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metabolism and metabolic processes have long been considered to shape the tumour immunosuppressive microenvironment. Recent research has demonstrated that T regulatory cells (Tregs) display high rates of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and a relatively low rate of glycolysis. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), which is a G protein signalling activator involved in immune regulation and FAO modulation, has been implicated in Treg differentiation. However, the precise relation between Treg differentiation and S1P remains unclear. In this study, we isolated naïve CD4⁺ T cells from the spleens of 6-8-week-old BALB/c mice using magnetic bead sorting, which was used in our study for Treg differentiation. S1P stimulation was performed during Treg differentiation. We examined the oxygen consumption and palmitic acid metabolism of the differentiated Tregs and evaluated the expression levels of various proteins, including Nrf2, CPT1A, Glut1, ACC1 and PPARα, through Western blotting. Our results demonstrate that S1P promotes Treg differentiation and enhances FAO, and that the expression of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) is upregulated. Furthermore, Nrf2 or PPARα knockdown dampened the Treg differentiation and FAO that were promoted by S1P, confirming that S1P can bind with S1PR4 to promote Treg differentiation through the Nrf2/PPARα signalling pathway, which may be related to FAO facilitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":21493,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Immunology","volume":"1 1","pages":"e13322"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42747974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The prize of prizes: mRNA research paving the way for COVID-19 vaccine success wins the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2023.","authors":"Marcus Buggert, Petter Höglund","doi":"10.1111/sji.13340","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sji.13340","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21493,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Immunology","volume":"98 6","pages":"e13340"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89719421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}