Scandinavian Journal of Clinical & Laboratory Investigation最新文献

{"title":"Analysis of consistency in aspartate aminotransferase detection results and bias correction using reference materials as calibrators.","authors":"Feiran Lin, Pinqi Zhao, Sheng Jiang, Xiaoxuan Yu, Danhong Ge, Yuanzhu Ou","doi":"10.1080/00365513.2026.2736112","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00365513.2026.2736112","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare the results of two mainstream aspartate aminotransferase (AST) reagent systems and evaluate the bias correction effect of recalibration with reference material, thereby exploring feasible approaches to improve AST measurement consistency.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The AST detection results of Roche and Beckman reagents from the SCCL Enzymes Trueness Verification program (2022-2024) were analyzed. Five distinct measurement procedures were established and compared using 50 clinical samples: three based on Beckman instruments, utilizing reagents without pyridoxal-5-phosphate (PLP) but with different calibrators (Beckman-assigned or secondary reference materials with/without PLP assignment), and two based on Roche instruments, using reagents with or without PLP. Method comparative analysis was performed using Passing-Bablok regression and Bland-Altman plots.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the trueness verification program, the Beckman measurement procedure demonstrated higher median bias exceeding the acceptable threshold of 7.5%, whereas the Roche measurement procedure met this standard. In our comparative study, two procedure comparisons showed acceptable mean bias. Four groups without PLP supplementation showed correlation coefficients (r) of 1.00 and low residual standard deviations. In contrast, the three PLP-supplemented groups displayed r values of approximately 0.95 with substantially larger residual standard deviations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Beckman AST measurement procedure without PLP exhibited significant deviations from other procedures. The use of reference materials effectively reduced inter-system differences. However, the PLP-containing IFCC reference procedure cannot be applied to the traceability of PLP-free reagents, and no PLP-free reference procedure is available internationally-this constitutes the fundamental obstacle to standardization. While unified calibration may improve comparability, true standardization remains a long-term goal.</p>","PeriodicalId":21474,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Clinical & Laboratory Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"686-693"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149012924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kynurenine pathway activation in ectopic pregnancy: diagnostic value of 3-hydroxykynurenine and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid; a prospective study.","authors":"Sevcan Sarikaya, Fatma Sengul-Bag, Fadime Ovali, Firdevs Sak, Pinar Aytan-Tomas, Oguzhan Gunenc, Husamettin Vatansev","doi":"10.1080/00365513.2026.2633556","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00365513.2026.2633556","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Ectopic pregnancy (EP) is a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality in the first trimester, accounting for nearly 9% of pregnancy-related deaths. An accurate biochemical marker for early detection is still unavailable. The kynurenine pathway, the primary route of tryptophan metabolism, is involved in immune tolerance, oxidative stress, and placental development. This study aimed to evaluate kynurenine metabolites as potential biomarkers for EP.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this prospective single-center study, 106 pregnant women were recruited between January and June 2025, including 53 women with confirmed EP and 53 healthy first-trimester controls. Serum levels of tryptophan and its metabolites [3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK), 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3-HAA), kynurenine, quinolinic acid, and kynurenic acid] were quantified using LC-MS/MS. Group comparisons, correlation analyses, and ROC curve evaluations were conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant differences were found in tryptophan, kynurenine, quinolinic acid, or kynurenic acid between groups (<i>p</i> > 0.05). However, 3-HK and 3-HAA were significantly elevated in the EP group (<i>p</i> < 0.001). ROC analysis demonstrated good diagnostic accuracy for 3-HAA (AUC = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.71-0.88) and 3-HK (AUC = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.67-0.86). Combined use improved discrimination (AUC = 0.86; sensitivity = 0.85; specificity = 0.75). Additionally, 3-HK correlated negatively with gestational age (ρ=-0.42, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and positively with monocyte and leukocyte counts.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that elevated 3-HK and 3-HAA levels are associated with EP and may reflect immunometabolic dysregulation underlying abnormal implantation, rather than implying a causal relationship. Therefore, these metabolites may offer complementary biomarker potential in selected research settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":21474,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Clinical & Laboratory Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"166-180"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146259127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lower serum threonine and glutamine levels could be a predictor for multiple sclerosis in pregnancy.","authors":"Nuray Yazihan, Burcu Bozkurt Ozdal, Ayse Gulcin Bastemur, Ozlem Dogan, Iclal Sena Gezer, Ersin Ulusoy, Atakan Tanacan, Ozgur Kara, Dilek Sahin","doi":"10.1080/00365513.2026.2636045","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00365513.2026.2636045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system. Recently, research has highlighted the significance of biochemical evaluation of metabolic pathways and circulating amino acids beyond their fundamental role as protein building blocks. They also function as key modulators of the immune system, neurotransmission, collagen synthesis, metabolic and regenerative pathways, which may influence disease progression. We hypothesized that a disturbed amino acid profile could be used as a biomarker for MS in pregnancy. Amino acid profiles of pregnant women diagnosed with MS and healthy pregnant women were evaluated. MS diagnosis is done according to the McDonald criteria. The Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) was used to evaluate MS patients. The medications used by pregnant women with MS for their disease were recorded. During the pregnancy period, none of them used a drug regimen. Progressive MS forms and EDSS > 3,5 were excluded from the study. Amino acid levels of MS patients were found to be different from healthy pregnant women. Excitatory amino acid levels were found to increase in MS patients. Glutamine and threonine levels are found to be decreased in MS pregnant women. Also, amino acids that take part in collagen synthesis are found to be different. Glutamic acid, histidine, asparagine, aspartate, proline, serine, ornithine, threonine, and tryptophan levels and citrulline/ornithine ratios are found to be significantly different between groups. These findings suggest that amino acid profiles could be potential biomarkers for early detection and new therapeutic targets for MS.</p>","PeriodicalId":21474,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Clinical & Laboratory Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"181-191"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147290546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of visfatin levels in patients with hyperemesis gravidarum.","authors":"Cengiz Şanli, Harun Fener, Hakan Ayyildiz, Mesut Ali Halisçelik, Mehmet Kalayci","doi":"10.1080/00365513.2026.2713139","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00365513.2026.2713139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The severe end of the clinical spectrum of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy is referred to as hyperemesis gravidarum (HEG). Although its exact pathophysiology has not yet been fully elucidated, multifactorial mechanisms are known to play a role. Visfatin is a proinflammatory adipocytokine primarily secreted by visceral adipose tissue and is also produced by the placenta and amniotic membranes during pregnancy. This study aimed to investigate the association between HEG and serum visfatin levels in a prospective observational case-control study. A total of 90 pregnant women were included in the study, comprising 45 patients diagnosed with hyperemesis gravidarum and 45 healthy pregnant controls. The severity of nausea and vomiting in the HEG group was assessed using the PUQE-24 index. The two groups were compared with respect to serum visfatin levels, β-hCG, cortisol, thyroid function tests (TSH, fT3, fT4), hemoglobin levels, age, body mass index (BMI), and the presence of ketonuria. Serum visfatin levels were significantly higher in the HEG group compared to controls (30.24 (23.1-56.0) µg/L <i>vs</i> 22.2 (18.2-48.2) µg/L, <i>p</i> = 0.04). Similarly, β-hCG (122350 (94207-188806) IU/L <i>vs</i> 88866 (59112-128434) IU/L, <i>p</i> = 0.001) and cortisol levels (293.2 (240.1-430.5) nmol/L vs 257.5 (213.4-325.1) nmol/L, <i>p</i> = 0.025) were significantly elevated in the HEG group. Ketonuria, a marker of metabolic stress and fasting, was significantly more frequent in the HEG group (33/45 vs 1/45, <i>p</i> < 0.001). No significant differences were observed between the groups in terms of age, BMI, gestational age, or thyroid function tests (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Within the HEG group, visfatin levels were significantly higher in patients with severe PUQE-24 scores compared to those with mild-to-moderate scores (47.8 ± 35 µg/L vs 24.6 ± 9.8 µg/L, <i>p</i> = 0.032). These findings suggest that increased visfatin levels are associated with the presence and severity of HEG. Further prospective and longitudinal studies are needed to better understand this relationship.</p>","PeriodicalId":21474,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Clinical & Laboratory Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"537-543"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148697801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction.","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/00365513.2026.2728514","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00365513.2026.2728514","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21474,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Clinical & Laboratory Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"703"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148888467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paired comparisons and regression to the mean - with emphasis on graphical illustrations.","authors":"Bent Kristensen, Mikkel Lausten Jensen, Marc Østergaard Nielsen, Arlinda Ljoki, Johan Larsson","doi":"10.1080/00365513.2026.2734758","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00365513.2026.2734758","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To review methods for graphical illustration of paired comparisons in the pretest-posttest design and present a new and simple plot, based on the waterfall plot combined with evaluation of vertical symmetry. The plot includes changes in the raw data, median changes with confidence zones and allows easy visualization of correction for regression to the mean to guide subsequent analysis of covariance or mixed effects modeling and for final presentation. The methods are demonstrated using a publicly available clinical dataset and simulations of illustrative example data performed in R. Compared to previous methods such as 1) the simple scatter plot of pretest vs. change, 2) the tilted line-segment plot, 3) Galton's squeeze plot, and 4) a one-dimensional scatter plot, the waterfall plots have several advantages: no overlap of data, ease of interpretation, independence of sample size, and the ability to clearly visualize regression to the mean and a possible intervention effect. The combination of vertical symmetry, waterfall plots, box plot summaries, and confidence zones allows for quick decoding and comparison of pre- and post-test data. This approach effectively visualizes and helps evaluate the occurrence of regression to the mean and/or a possible intervention effect, regardless of sample size.</p>","PeriodicalId":21474,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Clinical & Laboratory Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"659-676"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149025854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of analytical equivalence between Ampulab and BD Vacutainer blood collection tubes across clinical chemistry, immunoassay, hematology, and coagulation panels.","authors":"Imseok Kang, Byoung-Sun Mun, Jung Yoon, Jung Ah Kwon, Chae Seung Lim, Ha Nui Kim, Soo-Young Yoon","doi":"10.1080/00365513.2026.2659589","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00365513.2026.2659589","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Blood collection tubes significantly impact laboratory test accuracy, yet supply chain vulnerabilities of imported tubes necessitate evaluating domestic alternatives. This study compared the analytical performance of Ampulab and BD Vacutainer tubes. Paired blood samples were collected from 44 adult volunteers into Ampulab and BD Vacutainer tubes. Sixty-five analytes across clinical chemistry, immunology, hematology, and coagulation panels were analyzed using established platforms. Statistical comparisons included Passing-Bablok regression, Bland-Altman analysis, Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, and bias estimation against desirable biological variation thresholds. Most analytes showed acceptable agreement between the two tube types. Lactate dehydrogenase showed greater variability, exceeding the desirable bias (-4.37% vs. 3.1%), whereas chloride demonstrated a marginal deviation (-0.43% vs. 0.4%) with absolute differences remaining within 1-2 mmol/L. Prostate-specific antigen exhibited a bias above the desirable threshold at low concentrations but showed good regression agreement overall. Several hematology parameters, including white blood cells, mean corpuscular volume, and neutrophils, showed statistically significant differences; however, all remained within acceptable bias limits. Coagulation analytes demonstrated strong analytical agreement, but fibrin degradation product (FDP) showed greater variability without established performance criteria, indicating a need for further validation. Ampulab tubes demonstrated analytical performance comparable to BD Vacutainer tubes for most parameters tested. Serum separator and EDTA tubes are suitable for routine clinical use. Sodium citrate tubes require further validation for fibrinogen and FDP. These findings support the implementation of Ampulab tubes in clinical laboratories, with targeted verification recommended for selected analytes.</p>","PeriodicalId":21474,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Clinical & Laboratory Investigation","volume":"86 3","pages":"273-284"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147842312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preanalytical effects on the ELF score and its component biomarkers; aminoterminal peptide of type III procollagen (PIIINP), hyaluronic acid (HA) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1).","authors":"Manar Bitar, Dieter Samyn, Madeleine Helgesson, Paul Pettersson-Pablo, Martin Vink","doi":"10.1080/00365513.2026.2679460","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00365513.2026.2679460","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Enhanced Liver Fibrosis (ELF) score, which combines aminoterminal peptide of type III procollagen (PIIINP), hyaluronic acid (HA) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1), is a clinically relevant tool for assessing liver fibrosis. This study examines the effect of preanalytical factors on the measurement of PIIINP, HA, TIMP-1 and the ELF score.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Serum pools spanning the measurement range of ELF biomarkers were spiked with increasing concentrations of hemolysate. Additionally, blood samples from 30 donors were centrifuged at 0-, 4-, 8-, and 24-hours post-collection. The influence of these factors was assessed by calculating the percentage difference in measured concentrations compared to baseline, and the underlying mechanisms were investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PIIINP showed significant susceptibility to hemolysis, with a 10% reduction in analyte concentration already at 0.5 g/L free hemoglobin. HA and TIMP-1 remained stable even at 10 g/L, and the ELF score up to 4 g/L. The effect on PIIINP cannot be explained by proteolytic activity, or assay components, but may be linked to direct effects of hemoglobin on the PIIINP molecule. Pre-centrifugation delays up to 8 h had minimal impact on PIIINP and HA measurements, whereas TIMP-1 concentrations fluctuated dramatically already after 4 h, but this had a negligible impact on the ELF score.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Hemolysis significantly interferes with PIIINP measurement, and centrifugation delays particularly affect TIMP-1 measurement in serum, whereas the ELF-score remains robust. These findings highlight the need for thorough investigation of preanalytical factors of an assay alongside the manufacturer's instruction.</p>","PeriodicalId":21474,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Clinical & Laboratory Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"374-383"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148144613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When hemolysis changes interpretation: decision-level shifts and reportability failures in routine coagulation testing.","authors":"Özben Özden Işıklar, Evin Kocatürk","doi":"10.1080/00365513.2026.2699751","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00365513.2026.2699751","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hemolysis is common in coagulation testing, yet generic acceptance or rejection rules may not reflect analyte-, decision-level, and reportability-specific effects. We assessed graded hemolysis across clinical decision strata on the Sysmex CS-5100. Residual citrated plasma was pooled into five decision strata for PT/INR, aPTT, Clauss fibrinogen, and D-dimer (≥20 specimens/pool), spiked with standardized hemolysate to final hemolysis levels of 0-5% (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5%), and measured in five replicates. Hemolysis severity was characterized using CS-5100 sample-check HI/flags, XN-1000 cell-free hemoglobin, and Roche cobas c702 hemolysis index. Percent bias versus the matched non-hemolyzed baseline was evaluated against EFLM-derived desirable bias specifications and RCV-based allowable change limits. Hemolysis effects were analyte- and decision-level dependent. PT/INR showed overall limited effects, although selected confidence intervals crossed desirable bias limits; all PT results remained within RCV-based limits. aPTT showed a biphasic, stratum-dependent pattern, with prolongation in lower strata and shortening in prolonged strata. Fibrinogen showed positive bias, but progressive loss of reportability, with earlier 'No coagulation' in low-fibrinogen strata, was more clinically relevant. D-dimer showed modest, consistent negative bias, mainly exceeding desirable bias in the lowest stratum; no above-cutoff pool shifted below the 0.50 mg/L FEU deep vein thrombosis cutoff. Across all assays, reportable results remained within RCV-based limits. Hemolysis management should integrate analyte- and decision-level effects, numeric reportability, instrument-derived HI/flags, and clinical context rather than rely on a universal rejection rule.</p>","PeriodicalId":21474,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Clinical & Laboratory Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"489-504"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148405796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Divide or subtract: transferrin saturation versus unbound iron binding capacity (UIBC).","authors":"Arne Åsberg, Ann Elisabeth Åsberg, Øyvind Skadberg","doi":"10.1080/00365513.2026.2632315","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00365513.2026.2632315","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transferrin saturation in plasma (P-TSAT) is 100 × P-iron/P-total iron binding capacity (P-TIBC). It is still used to diagnose iron deficiency, although P-ferritin is considered to be a better test. Both tests are sensitive to inflammation: P-TSAT decreases and P-ferritin increases. Unbound iron binding capacity in plasma (P-UIBC), which is P-TIBC minus P-iron, has a better diagnostic accuracy for iron deficiency than P-TSAT. However, how P-UIBC reacts in inflammation is less well known. We used cross-sectional data from 21681 patients to study how P-UIBC, P-TSAT, and P-ferritin varied with P-CRP. In a subpopulation of 8928 patients without inflammation (P-CRP ≤ 1 mg/L), we compared the diagnostic accuracy of P-TSAT and P-UIBC, using P-ferritin less than 15, 20, and 30 µg/L as reference standards for iron deficiency. We also estimated which values of P-UIBC and P-TSAT corresponded to a P-ferritin of 15, 20, and 30 µg/L. P-UIBC varied much less with P-CRP than did P-TSAT and P-ferritin. P-UIBC had better diagnostic accuracy than P-TSAT. Using P-ferritin < 20 µg/L as a reference standard, the areas under the ROC curves were 0.894 (95% confidence interval 0.883-0.905) for P-UIBC and 0.850 (0.836-0.864) for P-TSAT. At various ages, the values corresponding to a P-ferritin of 20 µg/L varied around 60 µmol/L for P-UIBC and around 20% for P-TSAT. In conclusion, when diagnosing iron deficiency, calculating P-UIBC is a better way of using P-iron and P-TIBC than calculating P-TSAT.</p>","PeriodicalId":21474,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Clinical & Laboratory Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"136-140"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146259203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}