Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy in Athletes With Repetitive Head Impacts: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis","authors":"Bote Qi, Jingwang Tan, Dushuo Feng, Lulu Guan, Jiuzhang Li, Meng Cao, Yu Zou","doi":"10.1111/sms.70047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.70047","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with repetitive head impacts (RHI), which is commonly observed in athletes participating in contact sports. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to provide a clearer elucidation of the prevalence, risk factors, and potential outcomes of CTE in athletes. Through a comprehensive search of PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar (January 2015 to July 2024), we ultimately included eight eligible studies with a low risk of bias involving 1000 former contact sports athletes diagnosed by neuropathological methods. Data were analyzed in a random‐effects meta‐analysis. The results indicated that the pooled prevalence of CTE in contact sport athletes was 53.7% (95% CI: 37.6–69.5, <jats:italic>I</jats:italic><jats:sup>2</jats:sup> = 93.7%). Subgroup analyses revealed that rugby players exhibited the highest prevalence at 64.7% (95% CI: 48.5–79.5, <jats:italic>I</jats:italic><jats:sup>2</jats:sup> = 0%), followed by American football players at 53.0% (95% CI: 33.2–72.4, <jats:italic>I</jats:italic><jats:sup>2</jats:sup> = 92.9%). By participation level, the prevalence was estimated at 44.1% (95% CI: 29.6–59.1, <jats:italic>I</jats:italic><jats:sup>2</jats:sup> = 84.5%) in amateur athletes and 72.8% (95% CI: 50.9–90.5, <jats:italic>I</jats:italic><jats:sup>2</jats:sup> = 91.6%) in elite athletes. Notably, the suicide rate among individuals diagnosed with CTE was 39.0% (95% CI: 12.7–69.0, <jats:italic>I</jats:italic><jats:sup>2</jats:sup> = 94.4%), and the pooled prevalence of CTE in non‐suicidal athletes was 30.1% (95% CI: 6.9–60.4, <jats:italic>I</jats:italic><jats:sup>2</jats:sup> = 97.8%). These findings reveal the high prevalence of CTE in contact sport athletes exposed to RHI, especially at elite‐level competition, and emphasize suicide as a potential outcome. Further studies should incorporate more female athletes to comprehensively assess the risk factors, outcomes, and effective prevention strategies for CTE.","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143797827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Running Economy After a Low‐ and High‐Intensity Training Session in Naturally Menstruating Endurance‐Trained Female Athletes: The FENDURA Project","authors":"Heleen Docter, Madison Taylor, Anna Lena Müller, Jos J. de Koning, Øyvind B. Sandbakk, John O. Osborne, Dionne A. Noordhof","doi":"10.1111/sms.70050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.70050","url":null,"abstract":"The ability to maintain running economy is generally evaluated during a long continuous exercise bouts, and it is unclear whether the menstrual cycle phase acts as a confounder. The first aim of this study was to evaluate the ability to maintain running economy during typical 1‐h low‐ (LIT) and high‐intensity training (HIT) sessions in female athletes. The second aim was to investigate whether menstrual cycle phase affected the ability to maintain running economy. Naturally menstruating endurance‐trained females performed three LIT (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 16) (45%–55% of the maximal velocity achieved during the maximal incremental test) and/or three HIT sessions (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 17) (5 × 4 min at 80% of the maximal velocity achieved during the maximal incremental test) during three distinct menstrual cycle phases: early follicular, ovulatory, and mid luteal. Running economy was determined before and after each session. Running economy, expressed as energy cost (before: 1.34; after: 1.34 kcal/kg/km, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.797) and oxygen cost (before: 272, after: 273 mL/kg/min, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.348), was not significantly different before versus after the LIT session. Energy cost (before 1.33; after: 1.34 kcal/kg/km, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.130) was not significantly different before versus after the HIT session, but oxygen cost (before: 269; after: 274 mL/kg/km, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.003) was slightly higher after the session. Menstrual cycle phase did not confound the ability to maintain running economy. Running economy can be maintained during a typical 1‐h LIT session. The ability to maintain running economy during a typical HIT session depends on the expression used; energy cost was unaffected, while oxygen cost may be slightly increased after HIT sessions.","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143784785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concurrent Repetitions Overestimate Hamstring:Quadriceps Ratios at Extended Knee Joint Positions: Implications for Clinical Practice","authors":"Gareth Nicholson, Josh Walker, Chris Brogden, Tobias Alt","doi":"10.1111/sms.70049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.70049","url":null,"abstract":"Most measurements of isokinetic hamstring:quadriceps (H:Q) strength ratios are conducted using concurrent repetitions, whereby active knee extension is immediately followed by active knee flexion. To reduce the influence of the stretch‐shortening cycle and limit axis misalignment, isolated repetitions have been recommended, whereby extension and flexion are completed separately. To inform screening protocols, this study examined the effect of concurrent and isolated trials on discrete and angle‐specific H:Q ratios. Fifteen males (age: 27 ± 4 years; height: 184 ± 9 cm; body mass: 80 ± 9 kg) performed isokinetic tests of the knee flexors and extensors (60°/s) using concurrent and isolated trials while sagittal kinematics were captured (100 Hz). Statistical parametric mapping enabled the effects of protocol type (concurrent vs. isolated) and axis misalignment (uncorrected vs. corrected) to be compared. Uncorrected data resulted in an underestimation of discrete conventional (−10.17%, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) and functional (−9.21%, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) ratios, with differences being observed for all angle‐specific ratios (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). The use of concurrent repetitions resulted in a significant overestimation of the conventional H:Q ratio (+7.41%, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) with the differences being most prevalent at more extended (24°–45° knee flexion, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) knee joint positions. Dynamometer users should be aware that concurrent repetitions increase the likelihood of “false‐negative” injury risk categorization. Nevertheless, the common practice of using uncorrected data from concurrent repetitions does not lead to significant differences in discrete or angle‐specific H:Q ratios when compared with corrected data obtained from isolated repetitions.","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143784737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrical Muscle Stimulation With or Without Blood Flow Restriction Does Not Prevent the Impairment in Glycemic Control After 1 Week of Physical Inactivity.","authors":"Christopher Pignanelli,Alexa A Robertson,Rachel M Handy,Julian C Bommarito,Christian P Cheung,Kyle M A Thompson,Monica M Grigore,Gavin C Lydiate,Katrin Turetskiy,Melissa More,Jenna C McCrone,Avery Hinks,Geoffrey A Power,Jamie F Burr","doi":"10.1111/sms.70056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.70056","url":null,"abstract":"Physical inactivity depresses glycemic control, an impairment that can be prevented with exercise. We investigated whether electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) with blood flow restriction (BFR) could similarly prevent the impairments in glycemic control associated with physical inactivity and whether this was effective for attenuating the loss of physical function after inactivity. Thirty-two participants underwent 1 week of step reduction (≤ 3000 steps/day) randomized to either no intervention (Control), twice daily EMS, or twice daily EMS with BFR (EMS + BFR). Oral glucose tolerance and tests of physical function (neuromuscular function, and cardiorespiratory fitness) were assessed before and after step reduction. Blood glucose incremental area under the curve (iAUC) during the oral glucose tolerance test increased after step reduction (Control: ∆71 ± 133 mM⋅min, EMS: ∆56 ± 65 mM⋅min, EMS + BFR: ∆103 ± 78 mM⋅min, p = 0.0002), as was the insulin iAUC (Control: ∆3580 ± 3245μIU⋅min/mL, EMS: ∆2266 ± 5043μIU⋅min/mL, EMS + BFR: ∆1534 ± 1246μIU⋅min/mL, p = 0.001). A relationship between the change in blood glucose and insulin response was observed after Control (r2 = 0.71, p = 0.002), but not after EMS + BFR (r2 < 0.01, p = 0.93), despite all groups demonstrating a reduction in whole-body insulin sensitivity (Matsuda index; Control: ∆-1.4 ± 2.5, EMS: ∆-1.3 ± 1.5, EMS + BFR: ∆-1.5 ± 1.5, p < 0.0001). Maximal oxygen uptake was not reduced after 1 week of inactivity; however, maximal isometric force production and exercise thresholds were reduced across groups. In summary, EMS + BFR did not prevent the decrease in insulin sensitivity nor attenuate measurements of physical function with 1 week of physical inactivity. The relevance of the dissociated insulin and glucose response with EMS + BFR remains to be determined.","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"15 8 1","pages":"e70056"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143862028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Personalized Nutrition for the Enhancement of Elite Athletic Performance.","authors":"Shaun Sutehall, Yannis Pitsiladis","doi":"10.1111/sms.70044","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sms.70044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Enhancing athletic performance through the manipulation of nutritional intake has ancient roots, with early guidance from \"philosophical giants\" like Hippocrates, who describes the balance between diet and exercise. Modern sports nutrition emerged in the 20th century, with research identifying carbohydrate (CHO) intake as beneficial for endurance. Studies like Gordon's in the 1920s linked blood glucose levels to marathon performance, while Cade's research in the 1960s on fluid and electrolyte intake led to the founding of Gatorade and the shift toward drinking during exercise to allegedly prevent dehydration and improve sporting performance. Today, sports nutrition is in a \"holding pattern\" after significant developments in the 1980s, 1990s, and the 2000s. A new era will involve personalized nutrition, but this development will require a game-changing injection of momentum, recognizing that athletes' responses to nutrition interventions vary widely. New technologies will also need to be developed and perfected, including wearables for real-time biometric monitoring (e.g., heart rate variability, glucose, and sweat composition and rate), which offer potential for tailored nutrition (i.e., diet and hydration) strategies. Applications of genetic and multi-omics technologies (like genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, proteomics, and epigenomics) are needed to unlock the potential of personalized sports nutrition by analyzing individual responses to factors such as sleep, nutrition, and exercise. The future lies in fast integration of all available data using next-generation bioinformatics and AI to generate personalized recommendations, with an emphasis on empirical evidence rather than solely commercial interests. As technology matures, sports (and exercise) nutrition will continue refining its practices but will need a paradigm shift to deliver precise interventions that may offer athletes the crucial edge needed to maximize performance while promoting short-term and long-term health.</p>","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"35 4","pages":"e70044"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11958001/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143754379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Protein Supplementation During Early Rehabilitation on Muscle Volume and Function After Acute Muscle Strain Injuries: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Kenneth H Mertz, Helene H Sorensen, Charlotte Lorentz, Elena Johansen, Niels U Fredskild, Mette With Wulff, Rene B Svensson, Maria B Kjaer, Frederik Hvid Linden, Michael Kjaer, Monika L Bayer","doi":"10.1111/sms.70043","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sms.70043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Muscle strain injuries are common in sports, with a high recurrence rate and loss of muscle mass. Whether protein supplementation can counteract the detrimental effects of strain injuries during rehabilitation has not been explored. We investigated the effects of protein supplementation during early rehabilitation of acute strain injuries on muscle volume and function. Fifty recreational athletes were enrolled for a double-blinded, randomized controlled trial comparing the effects of twice-daily whey protein supplementation to isocaloric placebo during early rehabilitation after acute hamstring or calf strain injuries. The primary outcome was changes in muscle volume during the 3 months of intervention, assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. Secondary outcomes included muscle strength, time to return to sport (RTS), and aponeurosis volume. Long-term changes were assessed 12 months after the injury. Muscle volume decreased in the injured muscle compared to the contralateral healthy muscle during the intervention [-9.4% (-13.5% to -5.3%), p < 0.0001], and persisted at 12 months. No effects of protein supplementation were observed. Further, there was no effect of protein supplementation on muscle strength or RTS. There was a persistent increase in aponeurosis volume associated with the injured muscle at 3 months [sixfold enlarged, +17.3 cm³ (+8.3 to 26.3 cm³), p = 0.0005] and 12 months [fivefold enlarged, +10.4 cm³ (5.3-15.4 cm³), p = 0.0003], but it was unaffected by protein supplementation. In conclusion, muscle strain injuries cause persistent atrophy of the injured musculature and enlargement of the muscle aponeurosis, which was not counteracted by protein supplementation during the rehabilitation period. Trial Registration: Clinical trial number: NCT04100161; Clinicaltrials.gov.</p>","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"35 4","pages":"e70043"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143721540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Method to Assess Subject-Specific Architecture of the Achilles Tendon In Vivo in Humans.","authors":"Taija Finni, Raad Khair, Jason R Franz, Maria Sukanen, Neil Cronin, Stephanie Cone","doi":"10.1111/sms.70042","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sms.70042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Achilles tendon (AT) comprises three subtendons whose relative locations, and respective lines of action, vary individually. This study was aimed to demonstrate the efficacy of a novel method, combining Ultrasound and electrical STIMulation (USTIM), to identify the in vivo location of individual subtendons in cross-sections of the AT. We individually stimulated the triceps surae muscle heads and imaged localized tissue movement on a transverse plane 1 cm proximal to the calcaneus using B-mode ultrasonography. Movement induced by muscle stimulation was presumed to arise from movement in the respective subtendon. Frame-by-frame changes in grayscale values were analyzed to detect localized tissue movement, establishing the three subtendon locations. From 12 successfully assessed legs, we found test-retest reliability to be excellent (ICC = 0.93, N = 3), and intra- and inter-rater reliability to be good for the subtendon centroid locations (ICC > 0.77, N = 12). Reliability for identifying the subtendon area was good for test-retest (ICC = 0.77) and intra-rater assessments (ICC > 0.70) but moderate between raters (ICC = 0.53). Subtendon centroid locations assessed using USTIM showed a strong association (N = 2; r²= 0.80, p < 0.001) with those identified via the high-field MRI method established by Cone et al. Fitting with prior literature, the majority of (83%) tendons were identified as low twist type I. The novel USTIM method can identify in vivo locations of the three subtendons within a cross-section of AT with moderate to excellent reliability. This method could be used to unravel the intricacies of structure-function relationships in the AT, with potential clinical benefits for treatment of patients with AT injuries.</p>","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"35 4","pages":"e70042"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11938201/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143711142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Exercise Intensity, Duration, and Volume on Protein Oxidation During Endurance Exercise in Humans: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Matthieu Clauss, Jørgen Jensen","doi":"10.1111/sms.70038","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sms.70038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Proteins are degraded and amino acids are metabolized in different quantities during endurance exercise. However, a clear consensus on protein oxidation during exercise has yet to be established. The main objective was to calculate estimates of protein oxidation during endurance exercise using available data. Additionally, we aimed to investigate the effects of exercise intensity, duration, and volume on protein oxidation. We systematically searched for research studies published in English in the online databases PubMed and Google Scholar in March 2023. The inclusion criteria were: (1) measurement of protein metabolism with nitrogen excretion, leucine oxidation, or indicator amino acid utilization method; (2) inclusion of an endurance exercise condition and a control condition without exercise; (3) inclusion of a description of the endurance exercise protocol (duration, intensity); and (4) inclusion of healthy participants over the age of 18. Endurance exercises were defined as exercise periods of at least 60 min' duration of running, cycling, or cross-country skiing. We included 30 articles (n = 286 participants). Protein oxidation increased by 1.02 ± 0.06 mg∙kg^-1∙min^-1 (95% CI [0.91, 1.14]) during endurance exercise, from the level of 0.81 ± 0.38 mg∙kg^-1∙min^-1 measured without exercise. Protein contributed 3.28% ± 0.15% (95% CI [2.97, 3.58]) of the total energy expenditure during exercise. Protein oxidation normalized by exercise duration significantly increased with exercise intensity. This review is the first to aggregate data on protein oxidation during endurance exercise, measured using different methods. Endurance exercise consistently increased protein oxidation, with protein metabolism more than doubling during exercise compared to rest. Protein oxidation increased with exercise intensity, but neither exercise duration nor volume augmented the rate of protein oxidation.</p>","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"35 4","pages":"e70038"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143711144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health Problems in Danish Adolescent Handball Players: Findings From the One-Season Health and Performance Promotion in Youth Sport (HAPPY) Study of 945 Players Aged 11-17 Years.","authors":"Anders Christer Larsen, Ewa Maria Roos, Sören Möller, Carsten Juhl, Louise Kamuk Storm, Alice Kongsted, Merete Møller","doi":"10.1111/sms.70048","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sms.70048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We aimed to assess the in-season weekly average prevalence proportion, the incidence rate, and burden (the product of incidence rate and duration of injury in weeks) of health problems among Danish youth handball community players aged 11-17. In this 30-week prospective cohort study, players self-reported health problems, including all injuries and illnesses, regardless of time loss or medical attention, and handball exposure using weekly web-based surveys (OSTRC-H2). Sex differences were estimated using Poisson regression (incidence rates) and binomial regression (weekly average prevalence proportions) with clustered robust standard errors. We included 945 players (age: 14.5 ± 1.5 years; 55% female) from 20 clubs across Denmark. The response proportion to the weekly questionnaires was 63% (range: 42%-79%). The average prevalence proportion of health problems was 23% (95% CI 21%-25%), with 17% (95% CI 15%-19%) attributable to injuries and 6% (95% CI 5%-7%) to illnesses. The overall incidence rate was 14.9 (95% CI 13.9-15.9)/1000 h. Female players aged 13-15 showed a higher incidence rate (15.9 [95% CI 14.2-17.8]/1000 h) compared to age-matched males (13.2 [95% CI 11.5-15.1]/1000 h), with an incidence rate ratio of 1.21 [95% CI 1.0-1.4], and had a higher weekly average prevalence proportion (23% [95% CI 19%-27%]) than age-matched males (12% [95% CI 10%-15%]), corresponding to a difference of 10% points [95% CI 6%-15% points]. COVID-19 infection accounted for 36% of reported illnesses. Our findings highlight the need for injury prevention initiatives to address both sudden-onset and gradual-onset injuries in youth handball players. Sex differences in injury measures and the potential link between illness and injury risk warrant further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"35 4","pages":"e70048"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11979877/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143812234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship Between Force Steadiness and Functionality in Older Adults: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Maria Alejandra Camacho-Villa, Manuel A Giráldez-García, Marta Sevilla-Sanchez, Sonia L Rivera-Mejía, Eduardo Carballeira","doi":"10.1111/sms.70040","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sms.70040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The relevance of force steadiness (FS) in relation to task performance remains unclear. This systematic review with meta-analysis examines the strength of the relationship between FS and the physical task performance aspect of functionality in older adults, focusing on both upper and lower limbs. We conducted a comprehensive search across databases, including MEDLINE, Ovid, CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science, up to February 2024. We included correlations from observational or longitudinal studies that provided objective measures of task performance in both healthy and unhealthy older adults. A meta-analysis with robust variance estimation was performed to account for dependencies among effect sizes. Of 1293 studies screened, 21 met the inclusion criteria and 15 contributed data to the meta-analysis. Our findings revealed a moderate, statistically significant relationship between FS and task performance in the upper limbs (r = 0.58, 95% CI [0.49-0.65], p < 0.01) with negligible heterogeneity (I² = 0%). For the lower limbs, the relationship was also moderate (r = 0.45, 95% CI [0.27-0.58], p < 0.01) but with moderate heterogeneity (I² = 50.66%). These results highlight a notable association between FS and physical function in both upper and lower limbs. However, caution is warranted due to the moderate to high risk of bias in 13 studies and evidence of publication bias in studies focused on the upper limbs. Despite these limitations, our study emphasizes the importance of FS in clinical practice and underscores the need for improved methods in measuring FS and its link to physical function. PROSPERO Registration: CRD42021247720.</p>","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"35 4","pages":"e70040"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143773143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}