Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports最新文献

{"title":"Training Strategies of World Tour Cyclists: Periodization and Load Distribution Across a Competitive Season.","authors":"Manuel Mateo-March,Iván Peña-González,Manuel Moya-Ramón,Alejandro Javaloyes","doi":"10.1111/sms.70153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.70153","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to analyze training strategies, periodization, and load distribution in World Tour professional road cyclists to understand how these factors contribute to performance optimization across a competitive season. Training and racing data from 28 male World Tour cyclists were retrospectively analyzed. Performance variables (e.g., critical power (CP), functional threshold power (FTP)), volume (duration, distance, elevation gain), training load (Edwards' training impulse (eTRIMP), Training Stress Score (TSS), work in kJ), and power- and heart rate-based intensity distribution (low-intensity training (LIT), moderate-intensity training (MIT), high-intensity training (HIT)) were assessed. The season was divided into three distinct phases (pre-season, pre-competitive, competitive) based on individual racing schedules. Physiological variables, including CP, improved significantly in competitive periods compared to training periods (p ≤ 0.01). Competition exhibited greater distance, elevation gain, and load than training (p ≤ 0.001). Volume and load increased progressively across phases, peaking in the competitive phase (p ≤ 0.01), with no significant change between pre-competitive and competitive phases. Intensity distribution remained pyramidal across phases, with progressive increases in HIT percentage toward competition (p ≤ 0.001), and higher HIT percentage in races. Power- and heart rate-based intensity distributions differed significantly in MIT and HIT zones (p ≤ 0.001). World Tour cyclists employ structured training strategies with progressive volume and load increases and intensification within a pyramidal pattern, improving performance for competitive demands and supporting performance across a season.","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"44 1","pages":"e70153"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145339184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in Hamstring Muscle-Tendon Unit Geometry and Function Between Elite Sprint and Jump Athletes and Recreationally Active Controls.","authors":"Stephanie L Lazarczuk,Andrea H Hams,Phillip M Bellinger,Ryan G Timmins,Eline Lievens,Ben Kennedy,David Opar,Rod S Barrett,Matthew N Bourne","doi":"10.1111/sms.70151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.70151","url":null,"abstract":"The hamstrings are critical for athletic performance; however, no study has examined differences in hamstring muscle-tendon geometry (cross-sectional area/volume) and muscle typology (proportion of Type I/II fibers) between elite sprinters/jumpers and recreationally active individuals. This study aimed to compare hamstring geometry and typology between these groups and examine how these characteristics relate to sprint and strength performance. Elite sprint and jump athletes (n = 15, 3 female, 21.7 ± 2.2 y, 180.6 ± 9.9 cm, 72.2 ± 9.6 kg) and recreationally active individuals (n = 15, 4 female, 25.7 ± 3.0 y, 176.0 ± 9.5 cm, 76.3 ± 17.6 kg) completed sprint and eccentric knee flexor strength testing. Magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy were used to assess hamstring muscle-tendon geometry and typology, respectively. Compared to recreationally active individuals, elite athletes had larger hamstring muscles (all muscles, mean difference: 59.75-150.45 cm3, p < 0.009), biceps femoris long head (BFlh) proximal aponeuroses (1.09 cm3, p < 0.001), BF short head distal aponeuroses (1.24 cm3, p = 0.002), semimembranosus proximal free tendons (0.75 cm3, p = 0.024) and aponeuroses (2.29 cm3, p < 0.001), semitendinosus distal free tendons (0.49 cm3, p = 0.01) and BFlh proximal aponeurosis interface areas (10.43 cm2, p < 0.001). Elite athletes also had 1.5 times greater estimated proportion of Type II fibers (p < 0.001). Medial hamstring geometry and muscle typology explained the greatest variance in maximal sprint speed (R2 = 0.65), while BFlh and semimembranosus muscle volumes with semitendinosus tendon volume explained the greatest variance in eccentric knee flexor strength (R2 = 0.59). Elite athletes had larger hamstring muscles, aponeuroses, and free tendons, and a greater estimated proportion of Type II fibers than recreationally active individuals. These structural and compositional differences likely contribute to their superior sprint and strength performance.","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"50 1","pages":"e70151"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145357736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Injuries by Events in Combined Events (Decathlon and Heptathlon) During 11 International Outdoor Athletics Championships","authors":"Pascal Edouard, Karsten Hollander","doi":"10.1111/sms.70142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.70142","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:label/>We aimed to determine whether some events carry a higher risk of injuries than others in combined events (decathlon and heptathlon) during international outdoor Athletics championships. A secondary aim was also to describe injury characteristics according to the different events. We conducted a total population study. During decathlon and heptathlon of 11 international outdoor Athletics championships from 2007 to 2024, in‐competition injuries were collected by medical teams and local organizing committees. We performed descriptive analyses and calculated injury incidence rates by events. A total of 66 in‐competition injuries and 2901 starts were reported for decathlon, and 67 in‐competition injuries and 2063 starts for heptathlon. The proportion of injuries varied across events, with higher proportions in pole vault (19.7%) and high jump (18.2%) for decathlon, and in long jump (23.9%) and 800 m (16.4%) for heptathlon. The injury incidence rates varied across events, with higher rates in pole vault (46.3 (95% CI: 21.7 to 70.8)) and high jump (38.2 (95% CI: 17.0 to 59.4)) for decathlon, and in long jump (54.1 (95% CI: 28.3 to 79.8)) for heptathlon. The distribution of injury characteristics (i.e., location, type, mode of onset, severity) varied according to the events for decathlon and heptathlon. In conclusion, explosive jumping events had a higher risk of injuries than others within combined: pole vault and high jump for decathlon, and long jump for heptathlon. Injury characteristics varied according to the events. Our present study provides information that could help plan medical services during competitions of combined events and prepare athletes to face the injury challenge of combined events.","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145234944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing Affective Experience in Individualized Exercise: The Roles of Audiovisual Stimuli, Exercise Intensity, and Intensity Preference","authors":"Yu‐Bu Wang, Jonathan M. Bird","doi":"10.1111/sms.70145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.70145","url":null,"abstract":"In this multi‐study investigation, we examined the effects of audiovisual stimuli, exercise intensity, and intensity preference on modulating affective valence during acute exercise. We also investigated physical activity (PA) following a 4‐week audiovisual‐assisted exercise program among physically inactive adults. In Study 1, participants were randomized into audiovisual or control conditions and completed 20 min of moderate‐intensity treadmill running. Affective valence was assessed throughout the exercise. In Study 2, participants with high or low preferences for high‐intensity exercise completed two exercise sessions above and below the ventilatory threshold (VT). Affective valence was assessed throughout each exercise bout. In Study 3, participants with high or low preferences for high‐intensity exercise completed a 4‐week exercise program. Participants were randomized into two intensity conditions: above or below VT. Affective valence was assessed during the final session of the 4‐week program. Future PA was assessed via pedometers 1 month after the program. In Study 1, audiovisual stimuli led to more positive affective valence compared to the control condition. In Study 2, participants with high preferences reported more positive affective valence during exercise below VT compared to above VT. In Study 3, the alignment between exercise intensity and intensity preference was associated with both more positive affective valence and greater PA at 4‐weeks. These findings highlight the role of audiovisual stimuli and individualized intensity in shaping affective experiences during exercise. Study 3, in particular, demonstrates that aligning exercise intensity with personal preferences can foster both immediate affective benefits and long‐term PA adherence.","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145226631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does Visual Training Enhance Athletes' Decision‐Making Skills and Sport‐Specific Performance? A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis","authors":"Yuqiang Guo, Chao Chen, Jian Peng, Liwei Deng, Tinggang Yuan","doi":"10.1111/sms.70140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.70140","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to systematically evaluate the impact of visual training (VT) on athletes' decision‐making skills and sport‐specific performance, while assessing the moderating effects of participant‐ and training‐related factors. A systematic literature search was conducted across Web of Science, PubMed, MEDLINE, and SPORTDiscus, with the search limited to publications available as of January, 2025. Only randomized controlled trials with baseline and follow‐up measures were included if they examined the effects of VT on at least one measure of decision‐making skills and sport‐specific performance in healthy athletes. The search yielded 3435 articles, of which 27 studies involving 669 participants met the inclusion criteria for meta‐analysis. The results revealed that VT significantly improved decision‐making response time (SMD = 0.85; 95% CI = [0.45–1.24]; <jats:italic>I</jats:italic><jats:sup>2</jats:sup> = 30%; <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.01) and sport‐specific performance (SMD = 0.49; 95% CI = [0.13–0.85]; <jats:italic>I</jats:italic><jats:sup>2</jats:sup> = 61%; <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.01). Subgroup analyses revealed that no statistically significant differences were observed across groups, either based on participant characteristics or training protocols. However, trends in effect sizes and significance levels indicate that VT exhibited a slight advantage in some subgroups, suggesting that individual differences and training design may partially modulate its effects. VT demonstrates considerable potential as a supplementary training intervention, effectively enhancing response time and sport‐specific performance in athletes. Future research should focus on extending intervention periods and refining training protocols to further elucidate VT's long‐term benefits and its applicability across different athlete populations.Trial Registration: PROSPERO ID: CRD42024568547","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145203200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Muscle Injuries in 90 Professional Football Players Over 10 Consecutive Seasons: A Comparison of Two Classification Systems and Their Association With Return-to-Play Time.","authors":"Pauline J Huber,Björn Schönnagel,Dimitris Dalos,Karl-Heinz Frosch,Gerhard Adam,Götz H Welsch","doi":"10.1111/sms.70147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.70147","url":null,"abstract":"The British Athletics Muscle Injury Classification (BAMIC) and the Munich consensus statement (MCS) are both commonly used classification systems and have been established in recent years to categorize muscle injuries and estimate return-to-play time (RTP). While the MCS classifies injuries based on clinical and radiological assessment, the BAMIC primarily relies on radiological imaging but also takes tendon involvement into account. However, there is no consensus on which classification is better suited for the assessment of acute muscle injury and its association with RTP. The aim of this study was to compare BAMIC and MCS in acute muscle injury of professional football players regarding RTP and to identify other player characteristics that influence the layoff time, given the fact that background approaches differ. In 90 professional football players, 169 MRI scans (3 Tesla) of acute muscle injuries were performed on average within 2.3 days of injury and assessed using the BAMIC and MCS. Grading of both classification systems was compared and correlated with RTP. Further player information, like recurrence of injury, dominant leg, affected side, age, or seasonal distribution, was evaluated. The grading of both classification systems correlated with RTP (BAMIC: r = 0.533, p < 0.001; MCS: r = 0.583, p < 0.001). Intratendinous injuries showed significantly longer layoff times (mean = 38.61 days, median = 26.5; range = 3-181; IQR = 25.3; CI = 20.2-38.5) compared to myofascial (mean = 14.17, median = 26.5; range = 3-181; IQR = 25.3; CI = 20.2-38.5) (p < 0.001) and myotendinous lesions (mean = 17.99, median = 26.5; range = 3-181; IQR = 25.3; CI = 20.2-38.5) (p = 0.002). The months of September (n = 22, 13.0%) and April (n = 20, 11.8%) showed significantly higher numbers of muscular injuries (p < 0.001). No association between the dominant side and affected side could be found (p = 0.476). Both classification systems provided a similar association with estimated RTP. The consideration of tendon injuries as classified in the BAMIC proves to be particularly important, as extended RTP can be expected. Still, usage might remain an individual choice. More emphasis should be placed on regeneration and prevention at the beginning and the end of the season to reduce the high incidences.","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"75 1","pages":"e70147"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145305449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"No Performance Benefits of Combined Mangiferin and Quercetin Supplementation in Cycling Athletes.","authors":"Oscar Brogaard Mazza,Carsten Lundby,Kasper Degn Gejl","doi":"10.1111/sms.70148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.70148","url":null,"abstract":"The flavonoids mangiferin and quercetin are known for their antioxidant properties. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of combined mangiferin and quercetin (MQ) supplementation during prolonged intermittent cycling on sprint performance and 15-min time trial performance (15-min TT). Fourteen trained male endurance athletes (age 26 ± 5 years; body mass 80.7 ± 4.8 kg; stature 184 ± 7 cm; V̇O2peak, 63.0 ± 8.9 mL min-1 kg-1), initially completed a 15-min TT in a fresh state to determine their maximal mean power output (MPO15). On two separate days, participants then completed a 4-h intermittent cycling protocol at 60% of MPO15, interspersed by 6- and 15-s maximal sprints every hour, as well as 30-s intervals at 120% of MPO15 twice per hour. Upon completion of each protocol, participants immediately performed another 15-min TT. During the 4-h protocol, participants consumed 100 g CHO·h-1. In addition, participants consumed 14.6 mg h-1 of mangiferin and 23.9 mg h-1 of quercetin in one of the trials, mixed into the CHO solution. Both trials showed similar reductions in 6-s peak power (MQ: -59 ± 82 W; Control: -42 ± 75 W, time effect: p = 0.007) and 15-s average power (MQ: -37 ± 50 W; Control: -19 ± 35 W, time effect: p = 0.02) during the 4-h protocol (trial × time: p = 0.35 and 0.34, respectively). Additionally, no difference was observed between the two conditions in 15-min TT performance following the 4-h protocols (MQ: 339 ± 56 W; Control: 341 ± 54 W, p = 0.61). In conclusion, combined mangiferin and quercetin supplementation during prolonged intermittent cycling did not affect sprint or time trial performance in trained endurance athletes.","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"26 1","pages":"e70148"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145277237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rethinking Acute Sports Injuries: Evidence for an Overuse Mechanism in Hamstring and ACL Injuries.","authors":"Bas Van Hooren","doi":"10.1111/sms.70146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.70146","url":null,"abstract":"Sports injuries have traditionally been classified as acute or overuse based on their onset and associated circumstances. Hamstring strain injuries and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are two common sports injuries that are typically implicitly considered to represent acute injuries. This brief review, however, argues that hamstring and ACL injuries may at least partly present as overuse injuries resulting from a mechanical fatigue phenomenon, rather than acute injuries. Human, animal, and cadaveric studies are discussed to support this view. For example, human studies show no kinematic deviation in the stride during which the hamstring injury occurs as compared to the preceding strides. Further, the location of injury and ultrastructural damage of hamstring injuries is largely comparable to that seen in repetitive muscle-tendon unit lengthening experiments in animals. For the ACL, repetitive simulated jump landings have been shown to lead to ACL failure despite the ACL load being well below its ultimate strength. Furthermore, analyses of ACL explants obtained from noncontact ACL-injured patients during reconstruction surgery indicate similar damage to cadaveric studies that repetitively loaded the ACL. In summary, studies with diverse methodological approaches support the view that mechanical fatigue may predispose hamstring and ACL tissues to failure at submaximal loads during seemingly normal movements. Although further research is needed to substantiate these hypotheses, recognizing mechanical fatigue as a factor in these injuries can inform training and rehabilitation protocols and open opportunities to use modeling approaches and wearable sensors to monitor tissue load and damage, ultimately reducing injury rates.","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"22 1","pages":"e70146"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145277157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Second Metatarsal Bone Stress During Running Is Independently Influenced by Running Speed and Load Carriage.","authors":"Naomi Frankston,Matthew Ellison,Jonatan Narvestad Riise,Olivier Seynnes,Dominic Farris,Hannah Rice","doi":"10.1111/sms.70152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.70152","url":null,"abstract":"Bone stress injuries occur in populations who engage in repetitive loading, such as distance runners and military recruits. The second metatarsal is a common bone stress injury site. Running speed and load carriage are modifiable factors which may influence metatarsal loading. The aim of this study was to determine how running at preferred, 90% of preferred, and 110% of preferred speed, with and without a weight vest carrying 10% body mass, influences second metatarsal bone stress. Data were collected from 28 runners (14 female, 14 male) during barefoot running using motion capture cameras, a pressure plate, and a force plate. Bone stress was calculated at the dorsal and plantar surfaces of the midshaft of the second metatarsal using a two-dimensional beam theory model. No interaction effect was found between running speed and load carriage. Running at 90% of preferred speed decreased peak dorsal and plantar stress by 2.1% and 2.3%, respectively, compared to preferred speed, while running at 110% of preferred speed increased peak dorsal and plantar stress by 4.2%. Running with 110% of body mass increased peak dorsal and plantar metatarsal stress by 3.1% and 2.9%, respectively, compared to running with no additional mass. The mean coefficient of variation across all conditions was 25%, indicating variation in peak stress between participants. Running at faster speeds and with additional loads may increase the risk of second metatarsal bone stress injury. The high variation in peak bone stress between participants demonstrates the importance of considering the individual when assessing injury risk.","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"43 1","pages":"e70152"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145319117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association Between 24-h Physical Behavior Compositions and Persistent Musculoskeletal Pain.","authors":"Melker S Johansson,Andreas Holtermann,Karen Søgaard,Mette Korshøj,Magnus T Jensen,Jan Hartvigsen,Charlotte L Rasmussen","doi":"10.1111/sms.70149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.70149","url":null,"abstract":"Individuals with musculoskeletal pain are generally advised to \"be active\", \"reduce sedentary behavior\", and \"sleep enough\", but such broad recommendations can be challenging to implement in daily life. We identified 24-h physical behavior compositions associated with musculoskeletal pain, using cross-sectional data from 817 participants in the Copenhagen City Heart Study. Daily durations of sedentary behavior, standing, light intensity, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity during leisure and work, and time in bed were measured using thigh- and hip-worn accelerometers (24 h/day for 7 days) and were used as exposure. The outcome was persistent musculoskeletal pain (past 6 months, pain intensity or activity limitation: ≥ 3 on a 0-10 scale). We used logistic regression models to predict 24-h physical behavior compositions with the 15% lowest and highest probabilities of pain. Persistent musculoskeletal pain was reported by 40%. Individuals with a low and high probability of persistent musculoskeletal pain had distinct 24-h physical behavior compositions compared to the mean 24-h composition of the study population. Individuals with a low probability of pain had less leisure time sedentary behavior and time in bed but more sedentary behavior during work (\"sweet spot\" composition). Those with a high probability of pain had more leisure time sedentary behavior and time in bed but were less sedentary and more active during work (\"sour spot\" composition). In conclusion, these results can inform the development of actionable domain-specific 24-h physical behavior guidelines for individuals with musculoskeletal pain and aid in developing targeted interventions to improve musculoskeletal health, but we acknowledge the risk of reversed causality.","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"11 1","pages":"e70149"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145305447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}