Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports最新文献

{"title":"Sit‐to‐Stand Power Across Adulthood in Three Latin American Countries: Sex‐Specific Relative and Allometric Reference Values From a Multicenter Study","authors":"Matías Otto‐Yáñez, Rodrigo Torres‐Castro, Sofía Dávila‐Oña, Mauricio Morales‐Satan, Jhonatan Betancourt‐Peña, Juan Carlos Ávila‐Valencia, Jenifer Rodríguez‐Castro, Alejandra Pérez‐Bazáes, Carlos Cruz‐Montecinos, Julian Alcazar, Roberto Vera‐Uribe","doi":"10.1111/sms.70382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.70382","url":null,"abstract":"Sit‐to‐stand (STS) power is a practical field‐based indicator of lower‐limb muscle power and functional performance across adulthood, yet reference values have been derived mainly from European cohorts, and allometric STS power remains scarcely described in Latin America. This multicenter cross‐sectional study developed sex‐ and age‐specific descriptive reference benchmarks for relative and allometric STS power in adults from Chile, Colombia, and Ecuador, and examined age‐ and country‐related variation. A total of 1254 healthy adults aged 18–80 years performed a standardized five‐repetition STS test. Relative STS power was estimated using established biomechanical equations, and allometric STS power was calculated by normalizing absolute power to height squared. Sex‐specific empirical percentiles were generated across 10‐year age bands, and generalized additive models were used to characterize cross‐sectional age‐related patterns and assess country‐specific heterogeneity. Relative STS power was lower in older age groups in both sexes, with median values ranging from 4.50 to 2.40 W·kg <jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> in women and from 5.20 to 2.80 W·kg <jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> in men between the 18–29 and 70–80 year groups. Allometric STS power showed a similar cross‐sectional pattern, with median values ranging from 114.35 to 61.30 W·m <jats:sup>−2</jats:sup> in women and from 126.70 to 74.10 W·m <jats:sup>−2</jats:sup> in men. Ecuador showed higher distributions of relative STS power than Chile and Colombia, and cross‐sectional age‐related patterns differed across countries. Exploratory physical activity gradients were attenuated after adjustment. These pooled, equation‐derived percentiles are regional summary benchmarks rather than country‐specific reference values and should be interpreted cautiously in younger adults and smaller strata.","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149218342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology of Match‐Related Injury Events in French Handball: A One‐Season Nationwide Cohort Study Across 323 628 Players","authors":"Ronan Choupeaux, Christophe Guegan, Pascal Edouard, Olivier Remy‐Neris, Brice Picot","doi":"10.1111/sms.70380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.70380","url":null,"abstract":"Nationwide data on match‐related injuries in handball remain limited. This study described injury‐event epidemiology during one French handball season and examined injury patterns according to sex, age, competition level, and timing within the season. This nationwide cohort study included all licensed players participating in official championship matches. An injury event was operationally defined as any physical complaint occurring during a match, including warm‐up, and recorded in the electronic match report, irrespective of medical attention or time loss. Seasonal prevalence of players with at least one recorded injury event and injury incidence rates per 1000 athlete‐exposures (AEs) were calculated. Poisson regression estimated incidence rate ratios (IRRs) with 99% confidence intervals (CIs). Among 323 628 players participating in 177 279 matches, 78 147 injury events were identified. Overall, 16.2% of players reported at least one match‐related injury (female: 19.1%; male: 14.7%), with the highest proportion observed among players aged 22–26 years in both sexes. Overall incidence was 23.5/1000 AEs (99% CI 23.3–23.7). Injury incidence was higher in female than male players at each competition level (IRRs 1.21–1.32) and increased from departmental to national competition. A significant sex‐by‐competition‐level interaction was observed ( <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), with the larger female‐to‐male difference supported primarily at national level. The foot/ankle (19.8%), knee (15.5%), hand/wrist (15.2%), and head/neck (14.6%) were the most frequently reported anatomical locations. Weekly incidences varied across the season, with peaks in October, February, and April. These findings provide nationwide estimates of match‐related injury event patterns and may inform targeted surveillance and prevention strategies.","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149130291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resistance Training for Cyclists: Scientific Evidence and Practical Recommendations","authors":"Raúl de Pablos, Iván R. Sánchez‐Redondo, Lidia B. Alejo, Jesús G. Pallarés, David Barranco‐Gil, Pedro L. Valenzuela","doi":"10.1111/sms.70377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.70377","url":null,"abstract":"Growing evidence supports strength or resistance training (RT) as an effective method for enhancing cycling performance, but many cyclists remain reluctant to incorporate it due to perceived detrimental effects, such as excessive residual fatigue and unwanted hypertrophy. Furthermore, controversy persists regarding optimal training methodologies. This narrative review aims to summarize current evidence on the effects of RT on cycling performance, as well as to address its potential impact on body composition and bone health. We also provide evidence‐based recommendations on best practices for RT implementation. Overall, the addition of 1–2 weekly sessions of RT with moderate‐to‐high loads (60%–85% 1RM), 2–4 sets per exercise across 3–5 compound lower‐body movements, and limited intra‐set fatigue (10%–20% velocity loss) has proven beneficial for improving key cycling performance indicators. Recent evidence also suggests that high‐load on‐bike torque training may serve as an effective strategy when conventional RT is not feasible. When implemented as described, RT does not appear to negatively affect performance through unwanted hypertrophy. Although further research is warranted, RT also emerges as a potentially effective strategy to counteract the low bone mineral density commonly observed in competitive cyclists. However, the magnitude of these benefits largely depends on precise programming, particularly intensity, proximity to failure, and temporal separation from endurance training sessions. In summary, current evidence supports the role of RT for improving both health and performance in cyclists, but further research is warranted to determine the optimal training parameters to maximize its benefits.","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149086730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Carbohydrate Intake and Skeletal Muscle Glycogen: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis to Determine Optimal Carbohydrate Loading Strategies","authors":"R. O. Jones, J. L. Areta, H. O. Fortis, J. Pugh, J. B. Louis","doi":"10.1111/sms.70379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.70379","url":null,"abstract":"A high dietary carbohydrate intake in the days pre‐competition is recommended to optimize glycogen stores for endurance exercise performance. However, previous reports show high variability in muscle glycogen concentrations between individuals following similar CHO intakes. Therefore, the amount of CHO, duration, and amount of exercise required to maximize glycogen stores pre‐competition remains unclear. The aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to determine the relationship between dietary CHO availability and skeletal muscle glycogen, whilst identifying the effect of other covariates on muscle glycogen concentration. The analysis included trials (randomized or non‐randomized from five online databases) published until June 2026, that reported CHO intake and exercise for ≥ 24 h prior to collection of muscle samples using biopsies to measure skeletal muscle glycogen. Included studies were assessed descriptively and quantitatively using linear and non‐linear regression, and generic inverse‐variance random‐effects meta‐analyses, including subgroups to investigate heterogeneity. Descriptive synthesis included 63 trials ( &lt;jats:italic&gt;n&lt;/jats:italic&gt; = 641 participants), 18 were included within the meta‐analysis. Exploratory linear regression indicated a significant relationship between relative CHO intake and whole muscle glycogen for recreationally active ( &lt;jats:italic&gt;r&lt;/jats:italic&gt; &lt;jats:sup&gt;2&lt;/jats:sup&gt; = 0.332, &lt;jats:italic&gt;p&lt;/jats:italic&gt; &lt; 0.001) and endurance trained individuals ( &lt;jats:italic&gt;r&lt;/jats:italic&gt; &lt;jats:sup&gt;2&lt;/jats:sup&gt; = 0.490, &lt;jats:italic&gt;p&lt;/jats:italic&gt; &lt; 0.001). Meta‐analyses revealed increased dietary CHO intake from a low‐moderate (&lt; 6.5 g·kg &lt;jats:sup&gt;−1&lt;/jats:sup&gt; ·day &lt;jats:sup&gt;−1&lt;/jats:sup&gt; ) to a high‐very high intake (&gt; 6.5 g·kg &lt;jats:sup&gt;−1&lt;/jats:sup&gt; ·day &lt;jats:sup&gt;−1&lt;/jats:sup&gt; ) significantly increased muscle glycogen concentrations (+191.9 mmol·kg &lt;jats:sup&gt;−1&lt;/jats:sup&gt; DM, 95% CI from 142.8 to 241.1 mmol·kg &lt;jats:sup&gt;−1&lt;/jats:sup&gt; DM, &lt;jats:italic&gt;p&lt;/jats:italic&gt; &lt; 0.0001) but displayed significant heterogeneity ( &lt;jats:italic&gt;p&lt;/jats:italic&gt; &lt; 0.0001, &lt;jats:italic&gt;I&lt;/jats:italic&gt; &lt;jats:sup&gt;2&lt;/jats:sup&gt; = 94%). The delta CHO intake between study conditions (expressed as relative g·kg &lt;jats:sup&gt;−1&lt;/jats:sup&gt; ·day &lt;jats:sup&gt;−1&lt;/jats:sup&gt; and absolute g·day &lt;jats:sup&gt;−1&lt;/jats:sup&gt; ) and duration of CHO loading interventions suggested a significant subgroup effect ( &lt;jats:italic&gt;p&lt;/jats:italic&gt; &lt; 0.05) but failed to explain the heterogeneity in muscle glycogen concentration. Glycogen concentration primarily depends on quantity of CHO intake, with period of increased CHO intake, participant training status, and exercise all being key effectors. Based on current findings, to significantly increase pre‐competition muscle glycogen stores athletes should consume &gt; 8 g·kg &lt;jats:sup&gt;−1&lt;/jats:sup&gt; ·day &lt;jats:sup&gt;−1&lt;/jats:sup&gt; for 36–48 h pre‐competition, with prior glycogen depletin","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149086731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Football Association Injury and Illness Surveillance Programme: The Incidence, Burden, and Severity of Injuries in English Men's Domestic Football","authors":"Bradley Sprouse, Avinash Chandran, Philip Hennis, John Morris, Simon Cooper, Charlotte Cowie, Subhashis Basu, Ian Varley","doi":"10.1111/sms.70378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.70378","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the lack of large‐scale research investigating the epidemiology of injury in English men's professional football, the present study aimed to examine the incidence rate, severity, and burden of injury in English men's domestic football. Injury surveillance data was prospectively collected and retrospectively analyzed. Time‐loss injuries, and match and training exposure, were collected by club medical staff across 12 seasons (2013–2014 to 2024–2025) from English men's domestic clubs playing in the English Premier League and English Football League (EFL—Championship, League One, League Two) (416 team seasons). A bootstrapped negative binomial approach was adopted to calculate incidence rate and burden estimates, temporal analysis and incidence rate (IRR) and burden ratios (IBR), all with accompanying 95% CI. 15 986 time‐loss injuries were recorded, resulting in 498 108 days absent over 2 286 030 exposure hours. Injury incidence rate was substantially higher in matches than training (24.9 vs. 3.6 injuries/1000 h; IRR: 7.0 [6.6–7.4]), as was injury burden (835.5 vs. 104.1 days absent/1000 h; IBR: 8.0 [7.5–8.7]). Match injury incidence rate remained stable across the study period, training injury incidence rate decreased by 4% per season ( <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), but match injury burden increased by 5% ( <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). Muscle injury incidence rate increased by 3% per season in matches ( <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.004), but decreased by 3% in training ( <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.028). Muscle injury burden increased in both matches (10%, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) and training (4%, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.006). Ligament injury incidence rate decreased by 5% per season in training ( <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). Hamstring injuries were the most common diagnosis (1.33 injuries/1000 h) and contributed the greatest overall burden (40.37 days absent/1000 h). Over 12 seasons in English men's professional football, match‐play consistently accounts for a greater injury incidence rate and burden than training. While match injury incidence rate has remained stable, burden has increased, specifically for muscle‐related injuries.","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149086732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Movement Profiles in 180° Cutting Test: A Cluster-Based Analysis of Performance and Knee Loading Trade-Offs.","authors":"Di Wang, Anu M Valtonen, Tom Thiel, Ying Gao, Juha-Pekka Kulmala","doi":"10.1111/sms.70376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.70376","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cutting maneuvers impose conflicting performance and knee-loading demands, yet whether movement profiles can be identified during a 180° cutting (CUT180) maneuver and how they relate to performance and knee-loading profiles remain unclear. This study aimed to identify movement profiles during the CUT180 and examine their associations with cutting performance and knee-loading profiles. Forty-seven physically active adults performed CUT180 in a motion laboratory. Correlation analyses were used to explore the relationships between cutting performance and biomechanical loading, and principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering were applied to six kinetic and GRF variables to identify subgroups of movement profiles. Between-cluster differences in cutting performance and isokinetic knee strength were subsequently examined. While performance and biomechanical loading were generally associated, three candidate profiles emerged: high-loading (n = 10), medium-loading (n = 19), and low-loading (n = 18) profiles. Compared with the low-loading profile, the medium-loading profile demonstrated a larger magnitude of the external knee abduction moment (KAM), greater ankle dorsiflexion moment and braking GRF, and higher overall cutting performance. In contrast, the high-loading profile exhibited the highest knee flexion moment and large GRF magnitudes without a commensurate performance advantage. Final foot contact time did not differ across profiles, whereas peak approach velocity and entry velocity reduction differed between profiles. Between-cluster strength differences were confined to high-velocity (240°/s) isokinetic measures. Three candidate CUT180 profiles with differing knee-loading patterns were identified. The medium-loading profile combined higher overall CUT180 task performance with greater entry velocity reduction, but was still characterized by a large external KAM magnitude, indicating substantial frontal-plane demands.</p>","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"36 10","pages":"e70376"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149172295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Duration of the Repeated-Bout Effect After Eccentric Exercise.","authors":"Anastasios A Theodorou, Nikos V Margaritelis, Anastasia V Karyofyllidou, Filippos Christodoulou, Athanasios Z Jamurtas, Ioannis G Fatouros, Antonios Kyparos, Michalis G Nikolaidis, Vassilis Paschalis","doi":"10.1111/sms.70381","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sms.70381","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The duration of the repeated-bout effect following eccentric knee-extensor exercise remains undefined, despite its widespread use in muscle damage research and training. The present study examined how long this protective effect persists in the knee extensors. Forty-eight young men performed two identical bouts of maximal eccentric knee-extensor exercise (5 × 15 repetitions at 60°/s). Four independent groups performed the second bout 3, 6, 9, or 12 weeks after the first. Isometric torque, range of motion (ROM), delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS), muscle thickness, echo intensity, creatine kinase (CK), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were assessed before and 2 and 4 days after each bout. Baseline-adjusted linear mixed-effects models were used to compare responses between bouts, complemented by equivalence testing at 12 weeks. The repeated-bout effect was evident at 3 and 6 weeks across most outcomes and remained detectable at 9 weeks for selected markers. At 12 weeks, no significant differences between bouts were observed at either day 2 or day 4 for any outcome. Exploratory equivalence analyses further indicated that the effect was no longer meaningfully present at these time points for isometric torque, ROM, DOMS, muscle thickness, and echo intensity, whereas the findings for CK and hs-CRP remained inconclusive. Overall, the repeated-bout effect may persist for some outcomes for up to 9 weeks, whereas by 12 weeks no meaningful effect was detectable at the assessed post-exercise time points. This time course can guide the design of muscle damage studies and the scheduling of eccentric training sessions.</p>","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"36 10","pages":"e70381"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13674372/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149196336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is Training Transfer Uniform? A Systematic Review and Three‐Level Meta‐Analysis of Resisted Sprint Training Effects on Acceleration, Jumping, and Change of Direction Performance in Athletes","authors":"Chengcheng Li, Lunxin Chen, Qin Zhang, Xianyang Xin, Xiupeng Li","doi":"10.1111/sms.70375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.70375","url":null,"abstract":"Resisted sprint training (RST) is widely used to improve acceleration, but transfer to jumping and changing direction remains unclear. This review examined RST effects on acceleration, vertical and horizontal jump, and change of direction performance, with variation by comparator and training characteristics. Eight databases were searched to 7 July 2026. The review included 66 independent studies and 1945 participants; 31 controlled studies contributed 179 effect sizes to the primary analysis. Three‐level random‐effects models accounted for dependence within studies. RST favored acceleration ( <jats:italic>g</jats:italic> = 0.32, 95% CI [0.16, 0.49]), vertical jump ( <jats:italic>g</jats:italic> = 0.25, 95% CI [0.06, 0.44]), horizontal jump ( <jats:italic>g</jats:italic> = 0.24, 95% CI [0.11, 0.37]), and change of direction performance ( <jats:italic>g</jats:italic> = 0.46, 95% CI [0.09, 0.82]). Prediction intervals crossed zero for acceleration, vertical jump, and change of direction performance, but not horizontal jump. After adjustment for comparator type, effects did not clearly differ among domains ( <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.699). Compared with unresisted sprint training, additional mean effects were small ( <jats:italic>g</jats:italic> = 0.22–0.30). Exploratory moderator analyses found no clear associations with comparator type, external load, training dose, or RST modality. GRADE certainty was moderate for acceleration and low for other outcomes. RST showed favorable mean effects across all four domains, although benefits in new training contexts remain uncertain. Evidence identifies no universal load, dose, or superior modality, and the predominantly male evidence base limits generalizability to female athletes. RST is best viewed as a targeted overload method complementing sprinting at high speed and training specific to the task.","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"272 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149083785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Standing Up to Dysglycemia: Textile Electromyography Identifies Hamstring Muscle Activity Benefits.","authors":"Qingyang Li, Christian J Brakenridge, Jiawei Qin, Xiyun Li, Suvi Lamberg, Taija Finni, Neville Owen, Arto J Pesola, Ying Gao","doi":"10.1111/sms.70371","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sms.70371","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Standing shows inconsistent associations with glycemic profiles. This study examined whether thigh muscle activity during standing modifies the association between standing time and glycemic profiles under free-living conditions. Thirty physically inactive young women contributed 52 participant-days while wearing a continuous glucose monitor, thigh-worn accelerometer, and textile electromyography (EMG) shorts. Waking behavior was classified into sitting, standing, and moving and expressed as a three-part compositional time-use variable. During standing, quadriceps and hamstring EMG were summarized as average normalized amplitude and active duration. Outcomes were mean glucose, coefficient of variation (CV), time in range (TIR), time above range (TAR), and time below range (TBR). Regression models tested whether standing-specific EMG metrics moderated associations between behavior composition and glycemic outcomes. Standing was not independently associated with glycemic outcomes. Hamstring EMG active duration moderated the association between standing and TIR (β = 0.473, 95% CI [0.277, 0.668], p < 0.001, Cohen's f² = 0.15) and TBR (β = -0.467, 95% CI [-0.653, -0.282], p < 0.001, Cohen's f² = 0.153), but not TAR, CV, or mean glucose after multiple testing correction. A higher standing proportion was associated with higher TIR when hamstring EMG active duration exceeded 38.8% and lower TBR when it exceeded 29.7%; below 16.8%, a higher standing proportion was associated with lower TIR. These findings suggest that the potential glycemic benefits of standing may depend on hamstring muscle engagement, highlighting EMG-derived muscle engagement as a marker for distinguishing physiologically heterogeneous forms of standing.</p>","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"36 10","pages":"e70371"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149070043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One‐Year Effects of the FIT FIRST 20 High‐Intensity and Multisport Physical Education Program on Physical Fitness and Psychological Outcomes in Early Adolescents: A Cluster‐Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"Chiara Cimenti, Cecilie Thøgersen‐Ntoumani, Malte Nejst Larsen, Giampiero Tarantino, Sofie Koch, Caroline Eckert, Christina Birch Meiner, Camilla Prisak, Peter Krustrup, Nikos Ntoumanis","doi":"10.1111/sms.70374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.70374","url":null,"abstract":"We evaluated the 1‐year effectiveness of FIT FIRST 20, a high‐intensity multisport physical education (PE) program, on physical fitness and psychological outcomes in 4–6 grade schoolchildren (10–13 years). A cluster‐randomized controlled trial was conducted across 82 classes from 30 Danish schools ( <jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 1652 pupils; 49% girls). Schools were allocated to either three weekly 40‐min FIT FIRST 20 sessions (intervention) or standard curriculum PE (control) over approximately 40 weeks. Outcomes were assessed at baseline and post‐intervention; 2‐year follow‐up results will be reported separately. The primary outcome was cardiorespiratory fitness, assessed using the Yo‐Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 (children's version). Secondary outcomes included agility, lower‐body muscular power, postural balance, handgrip strength, body composition, blood pressure, resting heart rate, health‐related quality of life, physical self‐concept, motivation for physical activity, and satisfaction of basic psychological needs. Intervention effects were analyzed using linear mixed‐effects models adjusted for sex, baseline sport participation, age, body mass and height. The latter two were excluded from models predicting psychological outcomes. Compared with the control, the intervention arm showed significantly greater improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness (54.90 m, 95% CI [8.35, 101.40], <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.021), along with significant gains in agility and lower‐body muscular power. No interaction effects were observed for other physical fitness and psychological outcomes, although significant overall effects of time were observed for several outcomes. Overall, FIT FIRST 20 appears to be a feasible school‐based strategy for improving selected physical fitness outcomes in 10–13‐year‐olds. Further modifications may be needed to strengthen the effects on psychological outcomes. Clinical Trial Registration: ISRCTN14624515","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149077536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}