Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports最新文献

{"title":"Altered Metabolic Activity and Morphology of Lower Limb Muscles 1–2 Years Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction","authors":"Benjamin Dutaillis, Tyler Collings, Philip Bellinger, Ryan G. Timmins, Benjamin Kennedy, Matthew N. Bourne","doi":"10.1111/sms.70079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.70079","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to explore between‐limb differences in gluteal, quadriceps, hamstring, and triceps surae muscle size and activity during a repeated vertical jump‐landing task in individuals with a history of unilateral anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Twelve recreationally active participants with a unilateral history of ACLR involving a semitendinosus autograft (1–2.5 years post‐surgery) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) before and immediately after 60 vertical jumps. Exercise‐induced increases in transverse (T2) relaxation times and resting muscle volumes were measured in 12 lower limb muscles. Linear mixed models were used to explore differences between the ACLR and uninjured contralateral limb, as well as their relationship with vertical jump performance. Reconstructed limbs displayed smaller muscle volumes in vastus medialis (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.028), rectus femoris (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.019), semitendinosus (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), and gastrocnemius lateral head (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.028) than homonymous muscles in the uninjured contralateral limb. Limbs with a history of ACLR also exhibited smaller percentage changes in T2 relaxation time for semitendinosus (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), semimembranosus (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.002), lateral gastrocnemius (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.014), and soleus (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.008), while the vastus lateralis displayed a greater increase (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.001) than uninjured contralateral limbs. Between‐limb asymmetry in quadriceps muscle volume and activity was associated with between‐limb asymmetry in vertical jump‐landing impulse (r<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> = 0.30–0.34). The findings from this study may help to inform the design of exercise interventions aimed at restoring lower limb function and reducing reinjury risk in individuals with a history of ACLR.","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"140 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144130213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries in Tennis: Injury Mechanism and Return to Sport Rates Following Injury","authors":"Tobias Holst‐Christensen, Per Hölmich, Frederik Flensted Andersen, Niels Christian Kaldau","doi":"10.1111/sms.70064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.70064","url":null,"abstract":"The prevalence and injury mechanism of ACL injuries in tennis are not well documented. This study aimed to report the mechanism of ACL injury in tennis, particularly whether it is linked to specific court positions or movements, and to evaluate how many tennis players return to tennis and to which level. Patients in Denmark diagnosed with ACL rupture from 2000 to 2018, registered in the Danish National Patient Register (DNPR) were asked about injury mechanism. Participants completed an online questionnaire describing court locations and movement preceding the injury. Additionally, patients registered in DNPR with a diagnosis of ACL rupture and tennis as their primary sport were asked about return to sport (RTS) and return to performance (RTP) after their injury. Seventy‐four participants reported sustaining an ACL injury while playing tennis. Lunging, running forward to the net, and movements related to smashing were the most frequent activities leading to injury. A total of 231 patients with an ACL injury identified tennis as their primary sport. Among them, 126 (72%) achieved RTS and 43 (25%) reached RTP. Tegner score significantly decreased among recreational (median from 6 to 4, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.014) and tournament players (median from 7 to 6, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). Treatment type (operative vs. non‐operative) did not significantly influence RTS or RTP. Overall, lunging, forward run to the net, or injury in relation to a smash were the most common movements preceding ACL injury in tennis. A majority (72%) of injured players returned to tennis, while a smaller proportion (25%) achieved RTP.","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143905810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Single Movement Behaviors to Complete 24‐h Behaviors Profiles and Multiple Health Outcomes—A Cross‐Sectional Study Using Accelerometry","authors":"Nidhi Gupta, David M. Hallman, Mette Korshøj, Charlotte Lund Rasmussen, Andreas Holtermann","doi":"10.1111/sms.70060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.70060","url":null,"abstract":"Movement behaviors research has evolved from focusing on single behaviors to multiple behaviors within a 24‐h perspective. However, it is unknown if 24‐h movement behavior profiles are consistently associated across multiple health outcomes. Thus, we aimed to investigate this. We used data from 807 adults who wore thigh accelerometers and recorded daily sleep/work times over 1–4 days and were categorized into four 24‐h movement behavior profiles: “Chimpanzees” (balanced distribution of movement behaviors in work and leisure; <jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 226, reference), “Lions” (more active work and sleep, and less active leisure; <jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 179), “Ants” (more active overall, less sedentary work and similar sleep, <jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 244), and “Koalas” (more sedentary and sleep, and less active overall <jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 158). Cardiorespiratory fitness and systolic blood pressure were measured, while low back pain and self‐rated health were self‐reported. Linear or ordinal logistic regression assessed the cross‐sectional associations between these profiles and outcomes, adjusting for age, sex, BMI, smoking, alcohol, occupational lifting/carrying, and work type. We found that referencing Chimpanzees, Lions were detrimentally associated with cardiorespiratory fitness (<jats:italic>B</jats:italic> = −2.70 mLO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>/min/kg, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.01), but beneficially associated with systolic blood pressure (<jats:italic>B</jats:italic> = −3.49 mmHg, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) and low back pain (odds ratio, OR = 0.67, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.03). Koalas were detrimentally associated with systolic blood pressure (<jats:italic>B</jats:italic> = 3.66 mmHg, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) and cardiorespiratory fitness (<jats:italic>B</jats:italic> = −2.83 mLO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>/min/kg, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.01). Ants were detrimentally associated with self‐reported health (OR = 1.78, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.01). We conclude that no 24‐h movement behavior profile was consistently (i.e., solely beneficial or detrimental) associated with the health outcomes. These findings indicate that research and practice about 24‐h movement behaviors need to consider multiple outcomes.","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143902920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid Four‐Compartment Models in Athletes Using Alternative Solutions for Body Volume and Water","authors":"Tiago R. Silva, Rui Poínhos, Luís B. Sardinha, Vitor Hugo Teixeira, Analiza M. Silva","doi":"10.1111/sms.70062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.70062","url":null,"abstract":"The criterion four‐compartment (4C) model combines dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA), deuterium dilution, and air displacement plethysmography (ADP), but its complexity limits practicality. This study aimed to externally validate a DXA‐derived body volume (BV) equation (DXA‐BV<jats:sub>Silva</jats:sub>) and assess the accuracy of a rapid 4C model replacing deuterium dilution total body water (TBW) with bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIS) alongside DXA‐derived BV in athletes. A total of 143 athletes (27.3% females) validated DXA‐BV, with 115 (33.9% females) assessed for FM. Criterion 4C used DXA for bone mineral content, ADP for BV, and deuterium dilution for TBW. Several rapid 4C models were tested. DXA‐BV<jats:sub>Silva</jats:sub> and DXA‐BV<jats:sub>Heymsfield</jats:sub> reliably estimated BV, showing minimal mean differences and narrow 95% limits of agreement (LOA) compared to ADP. Among rapid 4C models, 4CTBW<jats:sub>BIS</jats:sub>, 4C BV<jats:sub>Silva</jats:sub>TBW<jats:sub>BIS</jats:sub>, and 4C BV<jats:sub>Heymsfield</jats:sub>TBW<jats:sub>BIS</jats:sub> provided the most accurate FM estimates with small, nonsignificant differences to the criterion (MD [SD]: −0.18 [1.25] kg; −0.23 [1.82] kg; 0.18 [1.87] kg, respectively) and narrow 95% LOA (−2.62 to 2.27, −3.79 to 3.33 and − 3.48 to 3.83 kg, respectively) with no proportional bias. This research supports the implementation of rapid 4C models in settings where the criterion 4C model is impractical. By improving accuracy in body composition assessment, our findings have implications for sports nutrition, sports science, and academic research, offering a viable alternative to traditional 2C and 3C models (DXA).","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143901549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cold Water Immersion Does Not Enhance Recovery and Performance After High‐Intensity Interval Dorsiflexion Exercise","authors":"Andrew J. Richards, Rohin Malekzadeh, Mohamed E. Elghobashy, Robert Laham, Geoffrey A. Power, Michael T. Paris, Arthur J. Cheng","doi":"10.1111/sms.70061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.70061","url":null,"abstract":"Cold‐water immersion (CWI) has become a widely adopted method for post‐exercise recovery. However, its effectiveness in restoring neuromuscular function remains inconclusive. This study examined the impact of CWI on recovery following high‐intensity interval exercise (HIIE). Twelve young, recreationally active individuals (10 males, 2 females) participated in a randomized crossover study. Each session included six sets of 30‐s all‐out isokinetic concentric contractions of the ankle dorsiflexor and plantar flexor muscles, followed by 10 min of room temperature rest (RT) or CWI at 10°C. Neuromuscular function and intramuscular temperature were evaluated periodically over 24 h, as well as next‐day fatigue resistance of the dorsiflexors. In both conditions, maximal voluntary contraction torque remained impaired for up to 3 h without significant changes in voluntary activation (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &gt; 0.05). Electrically stimulated torque showed no difference in the fatigue‐induced decline or recovery of 10 Hz torque, which also remained impaired for up to 3 h. However, 50 Hz torque recovered within 1 h following RT, whereas it remained slightly reduced for up to 3 h following CWI. The 10:50 Hz torque ratio showed immediate recovery with CWI, whereas RT recovery was delayed for up to 1 h. Notably, the ratio was significantly lower with RT at 0‐, 0.5‐, and 1‐h post‐intervention. Despite these differences, HIIE performance during a repeat bout conducted 24 h later remained similar. In conclusion, 10 min of CWI at 10°C does not enhance post‐exercise recovery or next‐day exercise performance following HIIE.","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143901551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Does It Take to Reach the Podium? Power Output and Heart Rate-Derived Racing Demands of Top Cyclists During Grand Tours.","authors":"David Barranco-Gil,Manuel Mateo-March,Xabier Muriel,Jesús G Pallarés,Alejandro Lucia,Pedro L Valenzuela","doi":"10.1111/sms.70074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.70074","url":null,"abstract":"Scarce evidence exists on the demands needed to attain the highest positions during Grand Tours (Giro d'Italia, Tour de France, Vuelta a España). Using power output (PO) and heart rate (HR) data, we aimed to compare the racing demands of successful (at least top-5) and less successful (at least top-15) cyclists during Grand Tours. We identified Grand Tours in which we could compare cyclists who had attained a top-5 position (Top) with riders who also competed for the General Classification in the same race but attained a worse position (Non-Top, at least top 15). Different race-derived measures of physical demands (e.g., PO, kJ spent, training stress score, durability and repeatability measures, time in different PO/HR zones) were analyzed. Data from 9 Grand Tours, including 9 Top (average position 3rd, range 1st-5th) and 9 Non-Top cyclists (average position 9th, range 4th-12th) were available. Despite significant between-group differences in finishing time (86.2 ± 6.3 vs. 86.3 ± 6.3 h, p < 0.001), no differences were found for any of the analyzed outcomes, except for a slightly higher proportion of time spent at low PO levels (zone 1 (≤ 55% of functional threshold power)) in Top compared to Non-Top cyclists (60.9% ± 1.8% vs. 58.4% ± 2.5%, respectively, p = 0.011). In summary, achieving a top position during a Grand Tour does not necessarily imply overall higher physical demands compared to those cases in which cyclists attain a slightly lower position, which suggests that other factors (e.g., individual or team tactics) or metrics might have a greater influence.","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"42 1","pages":"e70074"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144065744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects on Cardiac Dimensions and Peak Oxygen Uptake After Long-Term Deconditioning in Elite Athletes.","authors":"Axel Bramell,Barbro Kjellström,Henrik Mosén,Kristian Dimovski,Håkan Arheden,Katarina Steding-Ehrenborg","doi":"10.1111/sms.70071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.70071","url":null,"abstract":"This longitudinal observational study aimed to determine if ventricular dimensions of the athlete's heart remain balanced and proportional to peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) following long-term deconditioning in elite athletes. Fourteen mixed-type male athletes (7 soccer, 7 handball players) were prospectively evaluated with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and cardiopulmonary exercise testing while active at elite level and after retirement. Athletes were cross-sectionally compared to 14 age-matched controls at baseline and follow-up. Statistical analysis was performed using nonparametric tests. Descriptive statistics are presented as median [Q1, Q3]. Since baseline, athletes reported continued elite sports for 5 [2, 9] years followed by retirement for 12 [7, 14] years. Left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) decreased by 17% (261 mL to 222 mL, p < 0.001). Right ventricular end-diastolic volume (RVEDV) decreased by 14% (266 mL to 232 mL, p < 0.001). Left atrial end-systolic volume decreased by 16% (94 mL to 82 mL, p < 0.05). Peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) decreased by 17% (3.96 L/min to 3.37 L/min, p < 0.001). There were no differences between athletes after retirement compared to controls. LVEDV and RVEDV were balanced in athletes at baseline (rs = 0.92, p < 0.001) and follow-up (rs = 0.92, p < 0.001). LVEDV and RVEDV indexed to VO2peak remained unchanged after deconditioning. Exercise-induced cardiac remodeling was reversible after long-term deconditioning in this cohort of elite athletes. LVEDV and RVEDV decreased and remained balanced and proportional to VO2peak. This study indicates that cardiac adaptations to sports are physiological. However, more research is needed to investigate the reversibility of exercise-induced cardiac remodeling in disciplines with higher demands on endurance performance.","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"79 1","pages":"e70071"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144087716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Exercise Intervention in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: The Mediating Role of Executive Function.","authors":"Huan Huang,Zouji Bian,Changshuang He,Shaoyu Guo,Yiwen Zhang,Xinming Jin,Minghui Quan,Zhijuan Jin","doi":"10.1111/sms.70070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.70070","url":null,"abstract":"This randomized controlled trial investigated a 20-session combined aerobic and physical-cognitive exercise program in 66 children with ADHD (aged 6-9 years, 29 medicated), evaluating impacts on core symptoms, executive functions, and functional impairment through SNAP-IV, BRIEF, and WEISS-P assessments. Participants were randomly allocated to either the intervention group (six weekly 90-min sessions) or the wait-list control group during summer vacation. Results from mixed-design ANOVA demonstrated significant group × time interactions across all dimensions of the SNAP-IV and WEISS-P scales, as well as global executive composite (GEC), behavioral regulation index (BRI), and specific subdomains including inhibition, shifting, initiation, and organization in the BRIEF scale (p < 0.05). Stratified analyses indicated that significant group × time interactions in pharmacological participants were found in the inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity dimensions of SNAP-IV, the BRI dimension of BRIEF, and all dimensions of WEISS-P. In contrast, nonpharmacological participants in the intervention group maintained stability, while those in the control group deteriorated. Mediation analysis identified that executive functions significantly mediated the relationship between exercise intervention and the improvement of core symptoms and functional impairment. In conclusion, the 20-session combined exercise intervention during summer vacation appears to attenuate symptom progression in children with ADHD, with executive functions serving as a mediator. Clinical Trials Registry Site and Number: China Clinical Trials Center (ChiCTR2100049462).","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"54 1","pages":"e70070"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144087717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pubic-Related Radiographic Findings in Male Football Players With Long-Standing Groin Pain, and Asymptomatic Controls - Are They Clinically Relevant?","authors":"Mathias Fabricius Nielsen,Per Hölmich,Sonia Branci,Trine Torfing,Lasse Ishøi,Michael Bachmann Nielsen,Kristian Thorborg","doi":"10.1111/sms.70068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.70068","url":null,"abstract":"The Aspetar pubic symphysis radiographic scoring protocol is reliable in male football players, but its clinical significance is unclear. We investigated the prevalence of pubic-related radiographic findings and their association with groin pain and disability in male football players and asymptomatic controls. We included 39 symptomatic male football players with long-standing groin pain, 18 asymptomatic male football players, and 20 asymptomatic male non-football athletes. Standing anteroposterior pelvic radiographs were analyzed by two radiologists for pubic-related bone lucency, proliferation, sclerosis, fragmentation, and joint space width (JSW, millimeters). Findings were combined into a Pubic Symphysis Radiographic Severity Score (PSRS Score, 0-8). Groin pain and disability were measured using the Five-Second Squeeze Test (5SST, 0-10) and the Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS, 100-0). For symptomatic football players, asymptomatic football players, and asymptomatic non-football athletes, the pubic-related radiographic findings prevalence's were, respectively: bone lucency: 87%, 83%, and 40%; proliferation: 67%, 61%, and 25%; sclerosis: 64%, 50%, and 15%; and fragmentations: 15%, 6%, and 0%, while the mean JSW was 3 mm in all three groups. There were no differences between symptomatic and asymptomatic football players in any findings (p ≥ 0.39). Bone lucency, proliferation, and sclerosis were more frequent in football players than non-football athletes (p < 0.002). PSRS Score showed poor correlation with 5SST and HAGOS. In conclusion, pubic-related radiographic findings are not associated with groin pain or disability. Pubic-related radiographic findings are more common in male football players than male non-football athletes.","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"8 1","pages":"e70068"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143945090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High Injury Incidence Among Youth in the World's Largest Football Tournament.","authors":"Ida Lindman,William Högne,Gabriel Johansson,Josefin Abrahamson","doi":"10.1111/sms.70072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.70072","url":null,"abstract":"Gothia Cup is the world's largest youth football (soccer) tournament, held annually since 1975. In 2024, 33 060 players from over 72 countries participated in 4820 matches. Although studies have examined injuries among youth football, research during tournaments remains limited. This prospective study aimed to assess the incidence of injuries among youth football players in Gothia Cup. Secondary objectives included comparing injury by age, sex, and across days of the tournament. All visits at medical tents were recorded. An injury was defined according to FIFA's suggestion as any physical condition that prompted a football player to seek medical attention during the tournament. A total of 1184 injuries were reported, resulting in an overall injury rate of 15.4 injuries/1000 player hours (95% CI, 14.5-16.2). Girls experienced a higher injury rate than boys (16.7, 95% CI 15.0-18.3 vs. 14.7, 95% CI 13.7-15.7 injuries/1000 player hours). Injury incidence increased progressively throughout the tournament, with the lowest rate on the first day (8.8 injuries/1000 player hours, 95% CI 7.3-10.3) and highest on the last day (37.6 injuries/1000 player hours, 95% CI 25.5-49.7). Incidence varied significantly across age groups, with the youngest players (aged 11 and 12 years) exhibiting the highest injury rates (27.7, 95% CI 21.6-33.8 and 25.7, 95% CI 21.0-30.5, injuries/1000 player hours, respectively). Lower extremity injuries were most common. However, head injuries accounted for 7% of all injuries. These findings highlight the injury patterns in a large-scale, six-day youth football tournament, providing valuable insights for the development of medical strategies in future football tournaments.","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"124 1","pages":"e70072"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144065700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}