Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports最新文献

{"title":"Pubic-Related Radiographic Findings in Male Football Players With Long-Standing Groin Pain, and Asymptomatic Controls - Are They Clinically Relevant?","authors":"Mathias Fabricius Nielsen,Per Hölmich,Sonia Branci,Trine Torfing,Lasse Ishøi,Michael Bachmann Nielsen,Kristian Thorborg","doi":"10.1111/sms.70068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.70068","url":null,"abstract":"The Aspetar pubic symphysis radiographic scoring protocol is reliable in male football players, but its clinical significance is unclear. We investigated the prevalence of pubic-related radiographic findings and their association with groin pain and disability in male football players and asymptomatic controls. We included 39 symptomatic male football players with long-standing groin pain, 18 asymptomatic male football players, and 20 asymptomatic male non-football athletes. Standing anteroposterior pelvic radiographs were analyzed by two radiologists for pubic-related bone lucency, proliferation, sclerosis, fragmentation, and joint space width (JSW, millimeters). Findings were combined into a Pubic Symphysis Radiographic Severity Score (PSRS Score, 0-8). Groin pain and disability were measured using the Five-Second Squeeze Test (5SST, 0-10) and the Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS, 100-0). For symptomatic football players, asymptomatic football players, and asymptomatic non-football athletes, the pubic-related radiographic findings prevalence's were, respectively: bone lucency: 87%, 83%, and 40%; proliferation: 67%, 61%, and 25%; sclerosis: 64%, 50%, and 15%; and fragmentations: 15%, 6%, and 0%, while the mean JSW was 3 mm in all three groups. There were no differences between symptomatic and asymptomatic football players in any findings (p ≥ 0.39). Bone lucency, proliferation, and sclerosis were more frequent in football players than non-football athletes (p < 0.002). PSRS Score showed poor correlation with 5SST and HAGOS. In conclusion, pubic-related radiographic findings are not associated with groin pain or disability. Pubic-related radiographic findings are more common in male football players than male non-football athletes.","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"8 1","pages":"e70068"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143945090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High Injury Incidence Among Youth in the World's Largest Football Tournament.","authors":"Ida Lindman,William Högne,Gabriel Johansson,Josefin Abrahamson","doi":"10.1111/sms.70072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.70072","url":null,"abstract":"Gothia Cup is the world's largest youth football (soccer) tournament, held annually since 1975. In 2024, 33 060 players from over 72 countries participated in 4820 matches. Although studies have examined injuries among youth football, research during tournaments remains limited. This prospective study aimed to assess the incidence of injuries among youth football players in Gothia Cup. Secondary objectives included comparing injury by age, sex, and across days of the tournament. All visits at medical tents were recorded. An injury was defined according to FIFA's suggestion as any physical condition that prompted a football player to seek medical attention during the tournament. A total of 1184 injuries were reported, resulting in an overall injury rate of 15.4 injuries/1000 player hours (95% CI, 14.5-16.2). Girls experienced a higher injury rate than boys (16.7, 95% CI 15.0-18.3 vs. 14.7, 95% CI 13.7-15.7 injuries/1000 player hours). Injury incidence increased progressively throughout the tournament, with the lowest rate on the first day (8.8 injuries/1000 player hours, 95% CI 7.3-10.3) and highest on the last day (37.6 injuries/1000 player hours, 95% CI 25.5-49.7). Incidence varied significantly across age groups, with the youngest players (aged 11 and 12 years) exhibiting the highest injury rates (27.7, 95% CI 21.6-33.8 and 25.7, 95% CI 21.0-30.5, injuries/1000 player hours, respectively). Lower extremity injuries were most common. However, head injuries accounted for 7% of all injuries. These findings highlight the injury patterns in a large-scale, six-day youth football tournament, providing valuable insights for the development of medical strategies in future football tournaments.","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"124 1","pages":"e70072"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144065700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relationship Between Physical Activity and Depression Among Middle-Aged and Elderly Chinese: A Longitudinal Study.","authors":"Juxiang Yang,Yi Wang,Xi Zheng,Hongchu Wang,Gang Song","doi":"10.1111/sms.70073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.70073","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to explore the association between physical activity and depression risk among middle-aged and elderly Chinese using both cross-sectional and longitudinal data. A total of 3564 participants from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) were included. The cross-sectional analysis of 2020 data revealed a U-shaped dose-response relationship between physical activity levels and depression risk. Longitudinally, group-based trajectory modeling identified five distinct physical activity patterns from 2011 to 2020. Compared to the low-stable group, the moderate-stable group showed a 47% reduced risk of depression, while the highest-stable group had a 37% increased risk. Gender-stratified analyses showed that long-term moderate physical activity had protective effects in both males and females, whereas excessive activity was only associated with higher depression risk in females. These findings suggest that physical activity can serve as both a protective and risk factor for depression, with gender-specific considerations in older adults.","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"147 1","pages":"e70073"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144065702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Manipulating Running Foot Strike Angle on Internal Loading of the Tibia.","authors":"Sanghyuk Han,Jeheon Moon,Jusung Lee,Sooji Han,Thorsten Sterzing,Dominic Farris,Hannah Rice","doi":"10.1111/sms.70066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.70066","url":null,"abstract":"Tibial stress injuries are problematic among runners. Foot strike pattern upon landing may alter internal tibial loading, which could potentially affect the risk of stress injuries during running. The purpose of this study was to quantify internal loading at the distal 1/3 of the tibia during running with imposed rearfoot and forefoot strikes. Nineteen habitual rearfoot strikers were recruited to run with their preferred foot strike and then with imposed rearfoot and forefoot strikes in a randomly assigned order. Force and motion capture data were collected synchronously, and the foot strike in the sagittal plane was identified from the kinematic data. The tibial bending moments were estimated using musculoskeletal modeling and beam theory, and cumulative-weighted tibial impulse per kilometer was derived. Significant differences in peak bending moments were found among foot strike patterns (p < 0.001). Running with an imposed forefoot strike increased tibial loading, especially during early to mid-stance (2%-67% stance, p < 0.001). However, imposed rearfoot striking resulted in lower bending moments than both habitual rearfoot striking (p < 0.001) and forefoot striking (p < 0.001). Additionally, cumulative-weighted impulse per kilometer was significantly greater when running with an imposed forefoot strike compared to both habitual (p = 0.001) and imposed rearfoot strikes (p < 0.001). Running with an imposed nonhabitual forefoot strike results in higher tibial loading than rearfoot striking due to increased mechanical demands placed on the plantar flexors. Transitioning from a habitual rearfoot strike to a forefoot strike may not be advisable for runners aiming to reduce tibial loading.","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"37 1","pages":"e70066"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143932728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomechanical Changes During Running on a Lower Body Positive Pressure Treadmill in Competitive Runners.","authors":"Dominik Fohrmann,Isabelle Winter,Alexander Simon,Dimitris Dalos,Thomas Gronwald,Tim Hoenig,Tim Rolvien,Karsten Hollander","doi":"10.1111/sms.70063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.70063","url":null,"abstract":"Lower body positive pressure treadmills (LBPPTs) offer precise body weight unloading for injury rehabilitation and performance training in runners. This study investigated biomechanical changes during running at varying body weight support (BWS) levels (0%-80%) in competitive runners, including sex-specific responses. Twenty-six runners (age: 33.6 ± 9.8 years; 15 female, 11 male) completed randomized 3-min running bouts at 12 km/h across nine BWS levels. Spatiotemporal parameters, plantar force, peak tibial acceleration, and running stability were measured using pressure insoles and inertial sensors placed at the tibia and foot. Our results revealed significant reductions in step rate (b = -0.24 steps•min-1/%BWS, p < 0.001), normalized ground contact time (b = -0.001 1/%BWS, p < 0.001), maximum plantar force (b = -0.010 BW/%BWS, p < 0.001), and peak tibial acceleration (b = -0.03 g/%BWS, p < 0.001) with increased BWS. Swing time increased (b = 1.50 ms/%BWS, p < 0.001), while stance time decreased (b = -0.41 ms/%BWS, p < 0.001). Running stability showed marginal changes (foot: b = -0.001 1/%BWS, p = 0.017; tibia: b = 0.001 1/%BWS, p = 0.009). Sex differences were observed in step rate (b = -6.79 steps•min-1, p = 0.045) and maximum plantar force (b = -0.128 BW, p = 0.034), but there were no significant sex × BWS interaction effects for any of the investigated parameters. Findings from this study highlight the effectiveness of LBPPTs for reducing musculoskeletal loading while revealing associated gait changes. Athletes, therapists, and coaches should consider individual biomechanical responses to optimize rehabilitation and performance strategies. Future research should explore long-term adaptations and injury prevention outcomes.","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"21 1","pages":"e70063"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143932730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Muscle Metabolism and Performance During Simulated Peak-Intensity Periods Occurring Early and Late in a Soccer-Specific Exercise Protocol in Well-Trained Male Players.","authors":"Jeppe F Vigh-Larsen,Niels Ørtenblad,Victor Stoltz,Dan Fransson,Farzad Yousefian,Jeppe Panduro,Morten B Randers,Thomas S Ehlers,Peter Krustrup,Magni Mohr","doi":"10.1111/sms.70075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.70075","url":null,"abstract":"We applied a novel model mimicking the most intense 5-min game periods to investigate muscle metabolic and fatigue responses to peak-intensity exercise occurring early and late in a simulated soccer game. Eleven well-trained male players completed a modified simulated soccer game (the Copenhagen Soccer Test) with 5-min peak-intensity period simulations inserted early (PP1; 10-15 min) and late (PP2; 85-90 min) in the game. Muscle biopsies and blood samples were obtained before and after each peak period. Muscle glycogen decreased during both peak periods (p < 0.001) by 62 ± 46 mmol kg-1 dw in PP1 and by 25 ± 37 mmol kg-1 dw in PP2, without a statistically significant difference in the glycogen breakdown in PP1 vs. PP2, despite a numerical trend (p = 0.115). Muscle lactate increased during both peak periods (p < 0.001) to 47 ± 25 mmol kg-1 dw and 32 ± 12 mmol kg-1 dw, with no clear difference in the increase (p = 0.108), despite blood lactate levels rising more in PP1 vs. PP2 (p = 0.031), reaching higher post PP1 levels (13.9 ± 3.6 mmol L-1 vs. 9.8 ± 2.4 mmol L-1, p = 0.003). Muscle ATP decreased by 4% (p = 0.004) and phosphocreatine by ~50% (p < 0.001) following both peak periods. RPE was higher during PP2 (10.0 ± 0.0 AU vs. 9.2 ± 0.8 AU, p = 0.023), while 10-m sprint performance declined by ~10% (p < 0.001), with no differences between PP1 and PP2 (p = 0.280). In conclusion, a 5-min peak period occurring early in a simulated game elicited a high anaerobic energy turnover, with marked muscle glycogen reductions, lactate accumulation, and PCr depletion. While high-energy phosphate metabolism remained similar during the late peak period, glycogenolytic rate appeared attenuated, accompanied by aggravated perceived exertion but similar sprint performance deteriorations.","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"116 1","pages":"e70075"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144065701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Blood-Flow Restricted Resistance Exercise Versus Neuromuscular Exercise on Mechanical Muscle Function in Adults With Chronic Knee Osteoarthritis-A Secondary Analysis From a Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Brian Sørensen,S Peter Magnusson,Rene B Svensson,Mikkel H Hjortshoej,Sofie K Hansen,Charlotte Suetta,Christian Couppé,Finn E Johannsen,Per Aagaard","doi":"10.1111/sms.70069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.70069","url":null,"abstract":"Knee osteoarthritis (knee OA) is a prevalent condition worldwide. Globally recognized rehabilitation guidelines for knee OA include patient education and neuromuscular exercises (NEMEX). While heavy-load resistance exercise (70%-90% 1RM) often induces pain with knee OA, low-load exercise (20%-40% 1RM) combined with partial blood-flow restriction (BFR-RE) has been introduced without inducing excessive knee joint pain. The present study aimed to compare the effects of NEMEX and BFR-RE on mechanical muscle function in knee OA individuals. Ninety-six participants (age 56.7 ± 7.6; 47 males, 49 females) with symptomatic, radiographic knee OA were randomized to free-flow land-based NEMEX or unilateral machine-based BFR-RE. Both groups exercised biweekly for 12 weeks while also receiving patient education. Outcomes measured from baseline to 12 weeks included maximal isometric knee extensor strength (MVIC), rate of force development (RFD), maximal leg extensor power (LEP), and cross-sectional area (mCSA) of rectus femoris (RF) and vastus lateralis (VL). Significant (p < 0.01) within-group improvements from baseline to 12 weeks were observed in both groups for MVIC (BFR-RE: +0.4 vs. NEMEX: +0.1 Nm/kg), LEP (+0.6 vs. +0.2 W/kg), mCSA for RF (+1.8 vs. +0.6 cm2), and VL (+3.7 vs. +1.0 cm2). BFR-RE led to increases in RFD (+2.11 (50-ms), +4.48 (200-ms) Nm/s/kg) (p < 0.01), whereas NEMEX did not (p > 0.05). Between-group comparisons revealed greater improvements with BFR-RE for all outcomes (p < 0.01). BFR-RE appears superior to NEMEX in enhancing mechanical muscle function and knee extensor mCSA in knee OA individuals. The enhanced physiological responses observed with BFR-RE suggest that this exercise modality should be considered as an adjunct therapeutic tool in future treatment protocols for knee OA patients.","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"95 1","pages":"e70069"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144065745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Use of 5 Different Yo-Yo Tests in Evaluating V ̇ O 2 max $$ dot{mathrm{V}}{mathrm{O}}_{2max } $$ and Fitness Profile in Team Sports: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Zhiyuan Tan,Carlo Castagna,Peter Krustrup,Del P Wong,Susana Póvoas,Daniel Boullosa,Kai Xu,Ivan Cuk","doi":"10.1111/sms.70054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.70054","url":null,"abstract":"This review aims to examine the relationship between five different Yo-Yo tests and V ̇ O 2 max $$ dot{mathrm{V}}{mathrm{O}}_{2max } $$ as well as performance in various fitness tests, to provide practical guidance for fitness assessment. Thirty-three studies (n = 1362) were analyzed to qualitatively score correlation magnitude (r-values) between five different Yo-Yo tests with V ̇ O 2 max $$ dot{mathrm{V}}{mathrm{O}}_{2max } $$ . The association between Yo-Yo tests and physical fitness tests were examined including 36 studies (n = 1262 participants). Large correlations were found between V ̇ O 2 max $$ dot{mathrm{V}}{mathrm{O}}_{2max } $$ and Yo-Yo Intermittent Endurance level 1 (r = 0.67), and level 2 (r = 0.67), Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery level 1 (r = 0.65), and level 2 (r = 0.55). Yo-Yo tests showed moderate correlations with the jump tests (r = 0.40). Large associations were reported between Yo-Yo tests performance and treadmill endurance test (r = 0.59) and the field-based endurance tests (r = 0.66), respectively. These findings confirm Yo-Yo tests as reliable and valid tests for estimating V ̇ O 2 max $$ dot{mathrm{V}}{mathrm{O}}_{2max } $$ and endurance performance in team sports, supporting their integration in structured testing batteries. Coaches should supplement Yo-Yo tests with specific strength and sprint assessments for a comprehensive fitness evaluation of the team sport athletes.","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"74 1","pages":"e70054"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143945089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"No Differences in Motor Units Discharge Rate Between Females and Males in Explosive Ankle Dorsiflexions.","authors":"Anna Grootenhuis,Fiona C Hiereth,Jakob Škarabot,Marius Oßwald,Alessandro Del Vecchio,Markus Gruber,Luca Ruggiero","doi":"10.1111/sms.70065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.70065","url":null,"abstract":"Males and females exhibit comparable levels of explosive strength if the rate of torque development (RTD) is considered relative to the maximal voluntary isometric torque (MVT). Given the greater proportion of type I to type II fibers area in muscles of females than males (~20% in tibialis anterior muscle), with slower contractile kinetics, the discharge rate of motor units (MUDR) in explosive efforts may be higher to compensate for the slower muscle contractile properties. Yet, it is to date unknown whether sex differences in MUDR in explosive efforts exist. Twenty-two females and 12 males (20-34 years) performed electrically evoked and voluntary rapid isometric ankle dorsiflexions. Electrically evoked contractions consisted of three trains of 50 supramaximal stimuli at the common peroneal nerve at 200 Hz. Ten voluntary explosive contractions were then performed while recording high-density electromyography signals from the tibialis anterior. No significant differences were reported between males and females for both voluntary and electrically evoked relative peak RTD (8.0 ± 2.0 vs. 7.7 ± 0.8 and 6.4 ± 0.7 vs. 6.1 ± 2.1 MVT s-1), and for RTD and muscle activity throughout the first 150 ms (p > 0.07). Despite no significant differences, these metrics were not equivalent between sexes when assessed with equivalence testing. Time to peak RTD was shorter in males than females for both contraction types (voluntary: 61 ± 12 vs. 74 ± 14 ms; electrically evoked: 24 ± 3 vs. 28 ± 7 ms; p < 0.01). MUDR at the beginning of the explosive voluntary efforts was not different between sexes (males: 61 ± 15; females: 67 ± 16 Hz; p < 0.23). Overall, despite known sex-related differences within the skeletal muscle, the control of rapid torque production is not different between sexes.","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"111 1","pages":"e70065"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143932729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of EEG Neurofeedback Training on Sport Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Chien-Lin Yu,Ming-Yang Cheng,Xin An,Ting-Yu Chueh,Jia-Hao Wu,Kuo-Pin Wang,Tsung-Min Hung","doi":"10.1111/sms.70055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.70055","url":null,"abstract":"Neurofeedback training (NFT) has emerged as a promising technique for enhancing sports performance by enabling individuals to self-regulate their neural activity. However, only 53% of the 13 included studies, all of which published before 2021, in the latest meta-analyses of NFT and motor performance focused on motor performance outcomes. Due to the rapid development of neurofeedback, 8 high-quality articles were published in 2023-2024 alone. Therefore, there is a need for a new meta-analysis to update the impact of NFT on sports performance. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we have not only reassessed the knowledge of the effect of EEG neurofeedback in motor performance but have also incorporated a standardized methodology, known as the CRED-nf checklist (Consensus on the reporting and experimental design of clinical and cognitive-behavioral neurofeedback studies), for methodological evaluation of previous EEG neurofeedback studies. The study protocol was pre-registered, and a systematic search was conducted across major databases to identify relevant randomized controlled trials. A total of 25 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis, with 21 studies eligible for the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis revealed a moderate positive effect of NFT on sport motor tasks, with a Hedges's g of 0.78 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.49-1.07. Importantly, subgroup analyses showed that studies with higher methodological quality scores, as assessed by the CRED-nf checklist, had significantly larger effect sizes (Hedges's g = 1.07) compared to lower than median studies (Hedges's g = 0.49). This finding highlights the importance of addressing key methodological gaps, such as reporting on participant strategies, data processing methods, and the relationship between regulation success and behavioral outcomes. In conclusion, NFT showcases a moderate positive impact on sport motor task, particularly when high-quality methodologies are employed, as assessed by the CRED-nf checklist, underscoring the importance of rigorous study designs in future research.","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"42 1","pages":"e70055"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143871963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}