Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports最新文献

{"title":"Sports Medicine in Scandinavia: Academic Leadership Without a Consistent Clinical Specialty","authors":"Pavels Mustafins","doi":"10.1111/sms.70364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.70364","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148858811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics of Neural Adjustments During Progressive Transitions to Unweighted and Reloaded Running","authors":"Camille Fazzari, Robin Macchi, Rémy Casanova, Pascale Chavet, Jacques Duchateau, Caroline Nicol","doi":"10.1111/sms.70363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.70363","url":null,"abstract":"The lower body positive pressure treadmill (LBPPT) enables running at different percentages of body weight. This study investigated how neural adjustments unfold during progressive transitions to unweighted and reloaded running, and assessed the repeatability of their dynamics across two successive exposures. Thirty‐eight men completed two runs (RUN1, RUN2) on a LBPPT. Each run comprised three stable phases at 100%, 60%, and 100% body weight (3 × 3 min), separated by progressive unweighting and reloading transitions (UNW <jats:sub>tr</jats:sub> and RLD <jats:sub>tr</jats:sub> ; 12 ± 2 s). Surface electromyographic (EMG) activity of 11 lower limb muscles was recorded. Root mean square EMG and muscle synergies were analyzed for each running cycle separately. In RUN1, some adjustments—including those in hamstring preactivation, as well as in <jats:italic>triceps surae</jats:italic> braking and push‐off activity—remained incomplete at the end of UNW <jats:sub>tr</jats:sub> . Moreover, a stabilizing muscle synergy was transiently recruited. In RUN2, however, these adjustments occurred more rapidly. In both runs, all neural adjustments were completed at the end of RLD <jats:sub>tr</jats:sub> . During UNW <jats:sub>tr</jats:sub> , runners encountered a novel sensorimotor context, where the gradual decrease in mechanical constraints interacted with the gradual increase in sensory and temporal constraints. Such context challenged the nervous system in RUN1, but was integrated more rapidly in RUN2, providing strong evidence of savings. In contrast, RLD <jats:sub>tr</jats:sub> reinstated a familiar sensorimotor context, allowing for complete neural adjustments in both runs. These results highlight the relevance of unweighing and reloading transitions for evaluating and rehabilitating locomotor adaptability in clinical and athletic settings.","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148809904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One Year of Endurance Exercise Training Does not Improve Vascular Function in Non‐Trained Limbs in Healthy Individuals","authors":"Marcos Paulo Rocha, Casper Sejersen, Mads Fischer, Andrea Tamariz‐Ellemann, Thomas Bonne, Jacob Bejder, Carsten Lundby, Nikolai B. Nordsborg, Lars Nybo, Jakob Solgaard Jensen, Lasse Gliemann","doi":"10.1111/sms.70354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.70354","url":null,"abstract":"Regular endurance exercise is widely recognized for its cardiovascular health benefits, with improvements in vascular function particularly relevant for populations with impaired vascular health. However, it is unknown whether prolonged adherence to endurance exercise training in sedentary but healthy young individuals can improve vascular function in non‐active limbs. This study investigated the impact of 1 year of supervised endurance exercise on vascular function in previously untrained, healthy young participants. Twelve healthy young adults (25 ± 4 years) were included in a 12‐month supervised cycling program, during which maximal aerobic capacity (V̇O <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> max) and vascular function were assessed at baseline and after 1, 4, 6, and 12 months of training. Forearm vascular function was assessed using intra‐arterial infusions of acetylcholine (ACh; endothelium‐dependent vasodilation) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP; endothelium‐independent vasodilation) and flow‐mediated dilation (FMD). Seven participants completed the 12‐month protocol and showed no change in endothelium‐dependent or independent vasodilation assessment at any time point during the 12‐month training period ( <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &gt; 0.05), despite a substantial increase in aerobic capacity during the first 6 months of training (baseline: 40.3 vs. 6 months: 50.8 mL·min <jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> ·kg <jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> , <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.001), with no further change observed from 6 to 12 months (51.3 mL·min <jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> ·kg <jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> , <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &gt; 0.05). One year of endurance exercise training improved aerobic capacity without improving vascular function in non‐trained limbs in previously untrained but healthy individuals. These findings support the idea that vascular adaptations to endurance training may reflect a region‐specific training effect with vascular remodeling confined to actively engaged limbs and, thus, undetectable in vascular territories not directly involved in exercise training.","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148767957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quadriceps Muscle Length Differentially Affects Exercise Capacity, the Torque‐Duration Relationship, and Neuromuscular Fatigue","authors":"Nabil Kouzkouz, Blah Yao L. Kouassi, Thomas J. Hureau, Guillaume P. Ducrocq","doi":"10.1111/sms.70359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.70359","url":null,"abstract":"To determine the effects of muscle length on exercise capacity, critical torque/W′ and neuromuscular fatigue. Thirteen subjects performed 60 isometric maximal voluntary contractions (MVC) over a period of 5 min, at five knee angles to manipulate maximal torque (i.e., optimal, −15°, −30°, +15° and +30°). Exercise capacity was quantified by total impulse. Critical torque was calculated as the mean torque of the last 30s of exercise, and W′ as the impulse done above critical torque. Cardiometabolic and ventilatory responses were measured. MVC, potentiated and interpolated twitches were performed to quantify neuromuscular fatigue, muscle contractility, and voluntary activation failure. Compared to optimal muscle length (i.e., the length producing the greatest torque‐output), total impulse was reduced in all conditions ( <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) but −15°. W′ was reduced in every condition whereas critical torque was reduced only in +15° and +30° ( <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). Neuromuscular fatigue, contractile impairments, and oxygen cost of contraction were reduced in −15° and −30°. In contrast, no difference in the degree of neuromuscular and contractile fatigue was found at +15° and +30° exercise end. However, the rate at which neuromuscular and contractile fatigue accumulated, as well as the oxygen cost of contraction were increased. Compared to optimal length, muscle lengthening and shortening produced symmetrical effects on W′, suggesting that maximal torque plays an important role in determining W′. In contrast, the asymmetrical effects of changing muscle length on critical torque, neuromuscular fatigue, and its mechanisms suggest that the role of maximal torque in determining these variables is limited.","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148767459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth and Maturation Assessment in Youth Sport: Balancing Benefits and Risks","authors":"Tommy R. Lundberg, Gemma N. Parry, Sean P. Cumming","doi":"10.1111/sms.70361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.70361","url":null,"abstract":"The assessment and monitoring of growth and maturation (G&amp;M) in youth sport has become increasingly debated, with some medical advisory boards expressing concerns that weighing young athletes may contribute to body image disturbances and eating disorders. In some instances, these concerns have prompted recommendations against anthropometric assessment in youth sport. This narrative review examines the evidence for and against G&amp;M assessment in youth sport, evaluating the benefits of appropriately implemented assessment against the potential risks. G&amp;M assessment supports injury prevention by identifying athletes undergoing rapid growth who are at increased risk of growth‐related and overuse injuries. It enables individualized training by aligning programing with biological rather than chronological age, and promotes inclusive talent identification by counteracting maturity‐related selection biases that systematically exclude late‐maturing athletes. While concerns about body image and eating disorders are valid, the reviewed evidence suggests that the risks are not associated with the collection of anthropometric measurements itself, but rather with how information is communicated and the broader sociocultural and coaching environments in which athletes train. Five G&amp;M implementation principles are proposed to maximize benefits and minimize risks: stakeholder education, privacy protection, voluntary participation, assessment by trained professionals, and integration within a holistic and child‐centered athlete monitoring system. Based on the evidence reviewed, G&amp;M assessment conducted within appropriate ethical and professional frameworks can support athlete welfare, development, and equitable participation.","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148754398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining Neuromuscular and Cortical Activity Over 1 Year Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.","authors":"Aglaja Busch, Frank Mayer, Heiner Baur","doi":"10.1111/sms.70358","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sms.70358","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cross-sectional studies have indicated impaired neuromuscular and cortical activities following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. However, adaptations throughout the recovery process remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to examine neuromuscular and cortical activity over the first year following ACL reconstruction. A prospective observational study was conducted, including 31 participants following ACL reconstruction (12 females, age: 25 ± 6 years, height: 173 ± 9 cm, mass: 72 ± 11 kg) and 31 healthy controls (12 females, age: 26 ± 6 years, height: 175 ± 9 cm, mass: 70 ± 10 kg). Electroencephalography and electromyography were used to assess cortical and neuromuscular activity during joint position sense (JPS) test, while only neuromuscular activity was recorded during stair descent and single-leg hop tasks. The ACL group underwent evaluation at five postsurgical intervals (1.5, 3-4, 6, 9, and 12 months), while the control group was assessed on a single occasion. Linear mixed models were used to compute differences in neuromuscular and cortical activity across the various time points and groups in JPS testing and stair descent, while independent and dependent t-tests were employed for analysis of the neuromuscular activity during single-leg hop. ACL-reconstructed participants demonstrated sustained altered neuromuscular activity in both involved and noninvolved limbs during JPS and stair descent tasks compared to controls (p < 0.05) with differences present across all measured time points. No significant differences in cortical EEG activity during JPS test were detected. Neuromuscular alterations were observed consistently throughout the initial year of recovery. The absence of cortical activity changes suggests a reassessment of more challenging tasks. Further investigation is required into neuromuscular and motor relearning protocols to ascertain their impact on rehabilitation and return to sport.</p>","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"36 8","pages":"e70358"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13459745/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148707577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Absence of Evidence Is Not Evidence of Absence in Head-to-Head Exercise Intervention Studies.","authors":"Casper Soendenbroe, Bo Markussen, Rene B Svensson","doi":"10.1111/sms.70357","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sms.70357","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"36 8","pages":"e70357"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13435813/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148670601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"V̇O₂ Kinetics in FatOx Determination During Incremental Exercise: Implications for Personalized Protocol Design.","authors":"Alberto Blanco-Salazar, Isaac A Chávez-Guevara, Gabriel A Miranda-Sandoval, Ángel E Soto-Marín","doi":"10.1111/sms.70355","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sms.70355","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"36 8","pages":"e70355"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13438125/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148673982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to Comment on: Factors Affecting V̇O₂ and Fat Oxidation Responses During Step Incremental Exercise.","authors":"Loïs Mougin, Stephen J Bailey, Mark Burnley, Rhona Pearce, Stephen A Mears, Michele Zanini","doi":"10.1111/sms.70356","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sms.70356","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"36 8","pages":"e70356"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13438103/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148674049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Altered Skeletal Muscle Phosphate Metabolism After Muscle Damage Is Associated With Elevated Effort Perception During Exercise in Humans","authors":"Jamie Stewart McPhee, Aneurin James Kennerley, Jean‐Christophe Lagacé, James McStravick, Susan Pinner, Fabio Zambolin","doi":"10.1111/sms.70352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.70352","url":null,"abstract":"It remains unclear why exercising damaged muscles is perceived as disproportionately more effortful. Given the known role of inorganic phosphate (Pi) in fatigue and afferent sensory signaling, we tested whether muscle damage disrupts phosphate metabolism and whether this is associated with heightened ratings of perceived exertion (RPE). Eighteen adults (23 ± 4 years) completed assessments before and 48 h after muscle damage induced by unilateral eccentric knee extensions (EIMD); the contralateral leg served as control. Magnetic resonance imaging quantified quadriceps cross‐sectional area (Qcsa) and <jats:sup>31</jats:sup> P‐MR spectroscopy quantified Pi, phosphocreatine (PCr), Pi/PCr, ATPγ and pH at rest, during knee‐extension exercise, and recovery. RPE was recorded throughout exercise. At 48 h, the EIMD leg showed increased soreness (17‐fold), reduced maximum voluntary contraction (−18.4% ± 3.8%) and increased Qcsa (+2.8% ± 0.4%; mean individual percentage changes ± SEM; <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). Visit × condition interactions were observed for Pi, Pi/PCr, and ATPγ at rest (ηp <jats:sup>2</jats:sup> = 0.31–0.35) and across rest, exercise and recovery (ηp <jats:sup>2</jats:sup> = 0.66–0.78), but not for PCr or pH. This reflected sustained elevations of Pi and Pi/PCr, and lower ATPγ in the EIMD leg alongside higher RPE at 48 h. Elevated resting Pi/PCr was strongly associated with elevated RPE ( <jats:italic>r</jats:italic> = 0.856, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), whereas exercise‐induced Pi/PCr changes were not associated with RPE. Overall, EIMD causes a sustained disturbance in muscle phosphate homeostasis that is strongly associated with elevated RPE. These findings provide new evidence linking resting muscle phosphate‐metabolic disturbance with heightened effort perception after damage.","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"294 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148596125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}