Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports最新文献

{"title":"Impact of Menstrual Cycles or Combined Oral Contraception on Training Loads Assessed Using Latent Effort States in Female Elite Cyclists","authors":"Florent Storme, Tom Chassard, Marine Dupuit, Quentin Delarochelambert, Emmanuel Brunet, Iris Sachet, Jean‐François Toussaint, Juliana Antero","doi":"10.1111/sms.70045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.70045","url":null,"abstract":"To quantify the impact of the regular or irregular menstrual cycle (MC) or combined oral contraception (OC) on the time spent at the maximum effort exertion per training, assessed using latent effort states through a Hidden Markov chain Model (HMM). 6303 training sessions with heart rate (HR) and power output (PO) recorded every second were used to train HMM in order to determine latent effort states of 12 elite French cyclists followed up over 30 months. A total of 101 MC/OCs full cycles were analyzed. A calendar method was used to estimate regular MC phases (menstruation, estimated follicular phase, estimated luteal phase). Irregular MC was divided into menstruations/no menstruations and OC into break/active pill taking. Four latent effort states were identified: high, medium+, medium‐, and low. Focused on high intensity‐oriented training sessions, the proportion of time spent in high intensity effort state was significantly lower during menstruation (34.5%) compared to estimated follicular (65.2%, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.0009) and luteal (55.4% <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.024) phases for regular MC, and during pills' break (43.7%) compared to active pill taking phase (62.6% <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.031) for OC cycles. During the high intensity‐oriented training sessions, the proportion of time spent in high effort state is almost twice higher in mid‐regular cycles whereas is lower during menstruation or pill's break in elite cyclists. These findings rely on repeated assessment of training loads in a real‐world context, analyzed using novel machine learning techniques that objectively quantify both internal and external training loads in elite female cyclists.","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"102 4 Pt 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143736591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elevated Humidity Impairs Evaporative Heat Loss and Self‐Paced Exercise Performance in the Heat","authors":"Felicity M. Bright, Brad Clark, Ollie Jay, Julien D. Périard","doi":"10.1111/sms.70041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.70041","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the effects of absolute humidity on heat dissipation and subsequent thermal, cardiovascular, and performance responses during self‐paced exercise in the heat. Twelve trained male cyclists performed a 700‐kJ time trial in four different humidity conditions (Low: 1.6 kPa, Moderate: 2.5 kPa, High: 3.5 kPa, and Very high: 4.5 kPa) in 33°C. The gradient in partial water vapor pressure at the saturated skin surface and in air, which determines sweat evaporation, decreased significantly with increasing humidity (Low: 3.53 ± 0.30 kPa, Moderate: 2.74 ± 0.24 kPa, High: 1.99 ± 0.20 kPa, Very high: 1.19 ± 0.16 kPa; <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). The maximum evaporative capacity of the environment (<jats:italic>E</jats:italic><jats:sub>max</jats:sub>) also decreased with greater humidity (Low: 309 ± 26 W m<jats:sup>−2</jats:sup>, Moderate: 240 ± 21 W m<jats:sup>−2</jats:sup>, High: 175 ± 18 W m<jats:sup>−2</jats:sup>, Very high: 104 ± 14 W m<jats:sup>−2</jats:sup>; <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), as did sweating efficiency (<jats:italic>S</jats:italic><jats:sub>eff</jats:sub>) (Low: 0.50 ± 0.13, Moderate: 0.39 ± 0.10, High: 0.28 ± 0.09, Very high: 0.16 ± 0.04; <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> ≤ 0.003). Power output was similar between Low (260 ± 33 W) and Moderate humidity (257 ± 27 W; <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.999), but lower in Very high (222 ± 37 W) than in all other conditions (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) and lower in High (246 ± 31 W) than in the Low and Moderate humidity (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). Peak core temperature was higher in Very high (39.49°C ± 0.56°C) than in Low (38.97°C ± 0.44°C; <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), Moderate (39.04°C ± 0.39°C; <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.002) and High humidity (39.12°C ± 0.47°C; <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.010). Mean skin temperature was higher with elevated humidity (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) and mean heart rate was not significantly different between conditions (<jats:italic>p ≥</jats:italic> 0.056). These data indicate that reductions in evaporative potential and efficiency with elevated humidity exacerbate thermal and cardiovascular strain during self‐paced cycling in the heat, resulting in marked performance impairments.","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143661176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data‐Driven Recommendations for Assessing the Early‐Phase Rate of Torque Development: An Intersession Reliability Study in Physically Active Men and Women","authors":"Merete Brink Speedtsberg, Mette Kreutzfeldt Zebis, Lars Louis Andersen, Rasmus Søndergaard, Per Hölmich, Per Aagaard, Jesper Bencke","doi":"10.1111/sms.70036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.70036","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to provide data‐driven recommendations for assessing early‐phase rate of torque development (RTD) in isometric knee extension and flexion, focusing on the optimal number of repetitions performed and trial selection criteria to ensure robust intersession reliability. Twenty subjects (10 males, 10 females) completed two test sessions with nine repetitions of unilateral “fast and strong” isometric contractions for the knee extensors and flexors. RTD was calculated from torque onset to 50 ms (RTD50) and 100 ms (RTD100), and peak RTD was assessed in a moving 50 ms interval within the first 100 ms (Peak50). Intersession reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for three to nine repetitions and four different criteria for trial selection. A mixed‐effect linear regression model was performed with measured RTD as dependent variable with number of repetitions, selection criteria, and test session as independent variables. The results revealed high intersession reliability for RTD100 in knee extension (ICC 0.849–0.961) and flexion (ICC 0.835–0.944) across repetitions and selection criteria. Three repetitions were sufficient to optimize intersession reliability and measured values of knee extensor RTD. Assessment of knee flexor RTD required five repetitions to optimize reliability for RTD50 (ICC ≥ 0.700) and six repetitions to optimize absolute measured values of RTD100. Selection criteria based on peak RTD100 ensured optimal reliability and absolute RTD measurements for both peak50, RTD50 and RTD100. The assessment of knee flexion requires more repetitions than knee extension to ensure reproducible early‐phase RTD outcomes.","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143635663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Rate of Torque Development as a Determinant of the Torque–Velocity Relationship","authors":"Gennaro Boccia, Paolo Riccardo Brustio, Francesco Salvaggio, Ludovico Grossio, Elena Calcagno, Arianna Pintore, Alberto Rainoldi, Pierre Samozino","doi":"10.1111/sms.70035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.70035","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate the contribution of isometric rate of torque development (RTD) and maximal voluntary torque (MVT) to the dynamic force production capacities of knee extensors obtained from the torque–velocity (TV) relationship, that is, the theoretical maximal velocity (<jats:italic>V</jats:italic><jats:sub>0</jats:sub>), torque (<jats:italic>T</jats:italic><jats:sub>0</jats:sub>), and maximal power (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic><jats:sub>max</jats:sub>). Single‐leg knee extensors were tested in 64 young adults (31 females). RTD and root mean square (RMS) of electromyographic signals from the knee extensors were recorded during isometric and incremental load dynamic (nonisokinetic) contractions. In the dynamic test, torque and velocity were continuously measured and averaged over 80°–140° knee angles to determine individual TV relationships. TV relationships were well fitted by hyperbolic regression (<jats:italic>r</jats:italic><jats:sup>2</jats:sup> from 0.983 to 0.993). Stepwise linear regressions showed that the main determinant of <jats:italic>V</jats:italic><jats:sub>0</jats:sub> was normalized RTD50 (<jats:italic>R</jats:italic><jats:sup>2</jats:sup> = 0.145, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.004); the main determinant of <jats:italic>T</jats:italic><jats:sub>0</jats:sub> was MVT (<jats:italic>R</jats:italic><jats:sup>2</jats:sup> = 0.760, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.001); and the main determinant of <jats:italic>P</jats:italic><jats:sub>max</jats:sub> was RTD150 (<jats:italic>R</jats:italic><jats:sup>2</jats:sup> = 0.612, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). <jats:italic>V</jats:italic><jats:sub>0</jats:sub> (when obtained from averaged values over knee extension) is partially explained by rapid torque capacity (i.e., “explosive strength”). Therefore, the capacity to produce torque at high velocity partly depends on the capacity to rise quickly the torque in the early phase of the contraction, suggesting that some underlying determinants of RFD would also affect <jats:italic>V</jats:italic><jats:sub>0</jats:sub>.","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143627525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical Fitness and Sleep-Related Problems Among Adolescents: Findings From the EHDLA Study.","authors":"Jacinto Muñoz-Pardeza, Yasmín Ezzatvar, Héctor Gutiérrez-Espinoza, Jacqueline Páez-Herrera, Jorge Olivares-Arancibia, Rodrigo Yañéz-Sepúlveda, Antonio García-Hermoso, José Francisco López-Gil","doi":"10.1111/sms.70037","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sms.70037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Physical fitness, particularly cardiorespiratory fitness, has been shown to positively impact sleep quality. However, the relationship between overall physical fitness and sleep-related problems in adolescents remains underexplored. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the association between overall physical fitness and sleep-related problems in adolescents. This cross-sectional study included 812 adolescents (median age: 14 years [interquartile range = 12-17]; 54.9% girls) from the Eating Healthy and Daily Life Activities (EHDLA) data. Physical fitness was measured objectively using the Assessing the Levels of PHysical Activity and fitness (ALPHA-Fit) battery for children and adolescents and a flexibility test, while sleep-related problems were evaluated using the BEARS sleep screening tool (B = Bedtime problems, E = Excessive daytime sleepiness, A = Awakenings during the night, R = Regularity and duration of sleep, S = Snoring). Generalized linear models were used to examine the association of overall physical fitness with the different components of sleep-related problems. The odds of experiencing sleep-related problems decreased significantly with each kilogram increase in handgrip strength (odds ratio [OR] = 0.97, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.94-0.99), and with each standard deviation increase in overall physical fitness (OR = 0.76, 95% CI 0.59-0.99). In contrast, despite not statistically significant, an increase in long jump appeared to reduce the sleep-related problems (OR = 0.91; 95% CI 0.82-1.02), while a longer time in the 4×10-m shuttle run test might increase sleep problems (OR = 1.12; 95% CI 0.98-1.28). In conclusion, greater levels of physical fitness, particularly muscular strength, may be key for reducing sleep-related problems, emphasizing the importance of personalized training programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"35 3","pages":"e70037"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143658554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Metabolic Signature of Cardiorespiratory Fitness.","authors":"Julia Bork, Marcello R P Markus, Ralf Ewert, Matthias Nauck, Christian Templin, Henry Völzke, Gabi Kastenmüller, Anna Artati, Jerzy Adamski, Marcus Dörr, Nele Friedrich, Martin Bahls","doi":"10.1111/sms.70034","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sms.70034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is associated with better overall health. This study aimed to find a metabolic signature associated with CRF to identify health-promoting effects. CRF based on cardiopulmonary exercise testing, targeted and untargeted metabolomics approaches based on mass spectrometry, and clinical data from two independent cohorts of the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) were used. Sex-stratified linear regression models were adjusted for age, smoking, and height to relate CRF with individual metabolites. A total of 132 (SHIP-START-2: 483 men with a median age of 58 years and 450 women with a median age of 56 years) and 118 (SHIP-TREND-0: 341 men and 371 women both with a median age of 51 years) metabolites were associated with CRF. Lipids showed bidirectional relations to CRF independent of sex. Specific subsets of sphingomyelins were positively related to CRF in men (SM (OH) C14:1, SM(OH)C22:2 SM C16:0, SM C20:2 SM(OH)C24:1) and inversely in women (SM C16:1, SM C18:0, SM C18:1). Metabolites involved in energy production (citrate and succinylcarnitine) were only associated with CRF in men. In women, xenobiotics (hippurate, stachydrine) were related to CRF. The sex-specific metabolic signature of CRF is influenced by sphingomyelins, energy substrates, and xenobiotics. The greater effect estimates seen in women may emphasize the important role of CRF in maintaining metabolic health. Future research should explore how this profile changes with different types of exercise interventions or diseases in diverse populations and how these metabolites could be implemented in primary prevention settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"35 3","pages":"e70034"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11899505/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143606233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of an 8-Week Low- or High-Volume Protocol of the Adductor Strengthening Programme on Hip Adduction Strength in Female Football Players-A Randomized Trial.","authors":"S Thorarinsdottir, S Isaksen Johansen, T Ruud Askim Elvestad, R Amundsen, L K Bache-Mathiesen, R Bahr, M Møller","doi":"10.1111/sms.70039","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sms.70039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to investigate if an 8-week high-volume protocol of the Adductor Strengthening Programme was more effective than a low-volume protocol in increasing and maintaining isometric hip adduction strength in female football players. We randomized 52 players from the Norwegian women's 1st and 2nd division to a low-volume (220 reps/side) or high-volume (394 reps/side) group. Both groups performed an 8-week protocol of the Adductor Strengthening Programme and a 10-week maintenance protocol with 1 session/week (16 reps/side/session). We measured isometric hip adductor torque (Nm/kg) in a long-lever squeeze test (at 0° and 15° hip abduction) using the ForceFrame at baseline, weeks 4, 6, 8, and 18. Both groups increased their isometric hip adduction strength over the 8-week period (low-volume 0°: 0.13 [95% CI: 0.07-0.20] Nm/kg, 15°: 0.22 [95% CI: 0.07-0.36] Nm/kg; high-volume 0°: 0.13 [95% CI: 0.04-0.22] Nm/kg, 15°: 0.31 [95% CI: 0.18-0.45] Nm/kg), with no between-group difference in either test position (0°: -0.01 [95% CI: -0.11-0.01] Nm/kg; 15°: 0.10 [95% CI: -0.09-0.29] Nm/kg). Also, both groups maintained their strength throughout the 10-week maintenance period, with no between-groups difference in either test position (0°: 0.12 [95% CI: -0.01-0.24] Nm/kg; 15°: 0.06 [95% CI: -0.11-0.23] Nm/kg). Our results indicate that an 8-week high-volume protocol of the Adductor Strengthening Programme was not more effective in increasing isometric adductor strength in female football players than a low-volume protocol. Both groups increased their strength over the 8-week training period and maintained their strength during the 10-week maintenance period. Trial registration: The study protocol was uploaded to Open Science Framework before unblinding and analyzing the data (https://osf.io/7xfw4/).</p>","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"35 3","pages":"e70039"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143670926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selective Static Stretching of Rectus Femoris Alters Motor Unit Firing Behaviors of Knee Extensors.","authors":"Tetsuya Hirono, Masahide Yagi, Zimin Wang, Haruka Sakata, Shogo Okada, Kaede Nakazato, Noriaki Ichihashi, Kohei Watanabe","doi":"10.1111/sms.70031","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sms.70031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Static stretching immediately affects various neuromusculoskeletal components. Among quadriceps muscles, only the rectus femoris (RF) is stretched by hip extension and knee flexion. The aim of this study was to investigate the motor unit (MU) firing behaviors of two synergistic muscles after selective static stretching on only one side. Fourteen males (23.7 ± 2.4 years) performed knee extension tasks before and after the intervention: static stretching or control conditions. The static stretching protocol consisted of passive hip joint extension and knee joint flexion as selective stretching of the RF for 1 min, repeated for 6 sets, while a 6-min rest was applied as the control condition. MU firings of RF and the vastus lateralis (VL) were detected using high-density surface electromyography, and the MU recruitment threshold and firing rate were calculated during ramp-up contraction to 35% of maximal voluntary contraction. RF stiffness, evaluated by shear wave elastography, was significantly reduced after static stretching, and not VL stiffness (interaction: p = 0.037). There were main effects of time, but no interaction in the MU recruitment threshold of RF (p = 0.282), firing rates of either muscle (RF: p = 0.363, VL: p = 0.557), or maximal strength (p = 0.362), suggesting that these variables were changed after both conditions. However, an interaction was noted in the recruitment threshold of VL (p = 0.018), indicating that the decline in recruitment threshold of VL was greater in the static stretching (from 24.9 ± 6.3 to 21.7 ± 6.1 %MVC) than in the control condition (from 24.4 ± 6.7 to 22.3 ± 6.1 %MVC). These findings suggest that reducing muscle stiffness by static stretching in one muscle can enhance MU recruitment in the other synergist while the change was slightly small.</p>","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"35 3","pages":"e70031"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143515751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological Resilience: What Is It and How Might It Be Trained?","authors":"Andrew M Jones, Brett S Kirby","doi":"10.1111/sms.70032","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sms.70032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Physiological resilience has recently been recognized as an additional factor that influences endurance exercise performance. It has thus been incorporated into a modified, contemporary version of \"the Joyner model\" which acknowledges that start-line values of V̇O₂max, efficiency or economy, and metabolic thresholds are prone to deterioration, often with appreciable interindividual variability, during prolonged endurance exercise. The physiological underpinnings of resilience are elusive and sports physiologists are presently concerned with developing practical testing protocols which reflect an athlete's resilience characteristics. It is also important to consider why some athletes are more resilient than others and whether resilience can be enhanced-and, if so, which training programs or specific training sessions might stimulate its development. While data are scant, the available evidence suggests that training consistency and the accumulation of relatively large volumes of training over the longer-term (i.e., several years) might promote resilience. The inclusion of regular prolonged exercise sessions within a training program, especially when these include bouts of high-intensity exercise at race pace or above or a progressive increase in intensity in the face of developing fatigue, might also represent an effective means of enhancing resilience. Finally, resistance training, especially heavy strength and plyometric training, appears to have positive effects on resilience. Considerations of training for resilience, alongside other more established physiological determinants of performance, will likely be important in the long-term development of successful endurance athletes.</p>","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"35 3","pages":"e70032"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11872681/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143537570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical Fitness and Activity Levels as Predictors of Subjective Well-Being in Youths With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A 2-Year Longitudinal Analysis of the Diactive-1 Cohort Study.","authors":"Jacinto Muñoz-Pardeza, José Francisco López-Gil, Nidia Huerta-Uribe, Ignacio Hormazábal-Aguayo, Rodrigo Yáñez-Sepúlveda, Yasmin Ezzatvar, Mikel Izquierdo, Antonio García-Hermoso","doi":"10.1111/sms.70033","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sms.70033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Subjective well-being (SWB), including cognitive and affective components, may be influenced by the management of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Physical fitness and adherence to physical activity (PA) are associated with better glycaemic stability and diabetes management. However, the relationship with SWB is not yet understood. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between physical fitness, PA, and SWB over two years in youths with T1DM. This longitudinal study involved 83 participants (aged 6-18 years; 44.6% girls) from the Diactive-1 Cohort. Physical fitness was assessed by spirometry (peak oxygen consumption) and dynamometry (handgrip strength). PA domains were measured using triaxial accelerometers, whereas the number of days participating in muscle-strengthening activities was assessed using a question. The Cuestionario Único de Bienestar Escolar was used to determine SWB. Glycaemic stability was determined when glycosylated hemoglobin < 7%, coefficient of variability ≤ 36%, and time-in-range target > 70% were met. The linear mixed models used considered three assessments and subject variability, showing significant associations between overall physical fitness (unstandardized beta coefficient [B] = 1.778, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.413-3.158; p = 0.012) and total PA (B = 0.034, 95% CI 0.005-0.063; p = 0.020) with SWB. Although time did not moderate the association with physical fitness (p = 0.116), this was true for PA only in the second year (p = 0.020). In contrast, glycaemic stability did not moderate the associations (p > 0.05). In conclusion, physical fitness and PA are associated with greater SWB in young people with T1DM, which may play a role in the psychological aspects of disease management.</p>","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"35 3","pages":"e70033"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143557883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}