Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports最新文献

{"title":"Sit‐To‐Stand Breaks to Optimize Cardiometabolic Health Effects Following Exercise in Sedentary Adults With Dyslipidaemia: A Randomized Crossover Trial","authors":"Jen L. P. Vanherle, Wouter M. A. Franssen, Ine Nieste, Bert O. Eijnde","doi":"10.1111/sms.70336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.70336","url":null,"abstract":"Current physical activity (PA) guidelines recommend reducing prolonged sitting in addition to increasing PA. In this regard, the complementary effects of standing breaks to interrupt sitting, in addition to exercise, have not yet been evaluated. This study tested whether exercise alone or exercise combined with standing breaks enhances cardiometabolic outcomes compared with prolonged sitting in sedentary adults with dyslipidaemia. In this randomized cross‐over trial, sixteen adults (mean ± SD: age = 47.8 ± 9.3 years; BMI = 24.6 ± 2.7 kg/m <jats:sup>2</jats:sup> ; 8 women) completed three two‐day conditions: prolonged sitting (SIT), prolonged sitting + exercise (FIT), and sitting interrupted with standing breaks (30 min/h) + exercise (MIX). The protocol was conducted in free‐living, desk‐based work environments, with a single 60‐min moderate‐intensity cycle ergometer bout performed on the second day. PA and sedentary behavior (SB) were objectively measured and standardized test meals were provided during the laboratory‐based metabolic testing day. Postprandial metabolism (primary outcome) including glucose, insulin and triglycerides, was measured over 6 h. Linear mixed effects models with correction for baseline values were used to evaluate condition effects. Postprandial triglyceride ( <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.112) and glucose ( <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.150) concentrations did not differ across conditions whereas postprandial insulin responses were significantly lower in MIX than SIT ( <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.041) and FIT ( <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.010). Standing breaks combined with exercise did not reduce postprandial triglyceride or glucose concentrations, but improved insulin responses more than exercise alone in sedentary adults with dyslipidaemia. These findings suggest that interrupting prolonged sitting may provide additional metabolic benefits alongside structured exercise in at‐risk populations. Trial Registration: <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" xlink:href=\"https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06277713\">https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06277713</jats:ext-link> (Registered February 12, 2024).","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"169 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148379714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Does Manipulation of Advanced Running Shoe Midsole Compliance Influence Frontal Plane Kinematics and Kinetics?","authors":"Thomas Norder, Patrick Mai, Maximilian Gruettner, Laura Healey, Hannah Rice","doi":"10.1111/sms.70331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.70331","url":null,"abstract":"Advanced footwear technology distance running shoes (AFTs) have been shown to reduce the oxygen cost of running at a given speed compared to traditional distance running shoes. This may be at least partly driven by the compliant, resilient midsole properties of AFTs. Increasing the compliance of AFT midsoles may further improve running economy but may also result in increased frontal plane motion and therefore instability. This study quantified frontal plane kinematics and kinetics during running with one type of advanced footwear technology running shoe with three different midsole properties. The three shoe conditions had Asker C compliance values of C‐55, C‐45 and C‐25. Twenty‐one male and female runners ran at two speeds in each of the shoe conditions on a force‐instrumented treadmill whilst kinematics were synchronously recorded. Frontal plane ground reaction forces and rearfoot, knee and hip kinematics and kinetics were compared between conditions. Peak rearfoot eversion angle and range of motion were not different between footwear conditions, whereas peak eversion velocity was 12% and 17% slower in the most compliant shoe than the control shoe and least compliant shoe respectively. Peak knee and hip adduction range of motion were both lower in the most compliant shoe. Peak lateral ground reaction forces and center of pressure excursion were also lower in the most compliant shoe. The reduced frontal plane motion and forces when running in a shoe with a highly compliant midsole may be influenced by the rapid deformation of the midsole and an increased frontal plane rearfoot joint stiffness.","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"202 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148371919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pain Sensitivity, Psychological Factors, and Muscle Function in Male Athletes With Long-Standing Groin Pain and Matched Controls.","authors":"Mathias Fabricius Nielsen,Lasse Ishøi,Mikkel Bek Clausen,Carsten Juhl,Shellie Boudreau,Thomas Graven-Nielsen,Per Hölmich,Kristian Thorborg","doi":"10.1111/sms.70334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.70334","url":null,"abstract":"Long-standing groin pain in athletes is often managed as a localized musculoskeletal tissue injury. Treatment-resistant symptoms and disability after return to sport suggest that other factors may also contribute. This study compared pain sensitivity, psychological factors, and muscle function between male athletes with long-standing groin pain (N = 20) and sex-, age-, and sports-matched controls (N = 20). Pressure-pain thresholds were assessed with a handheld algometer at the adductor longus muscle and origin, iliopsoas tendon, pubic bone, pubic symphysis, gluteus maximus muscle, and elbow. Pain detection and tolerance thresholds, temporal summation of pain, and conditioned pain modulation were assessed at the lower leg with cuff-pressure algometry. Catastrophizing, fear of movement, pain self-efficacy, depression, anxiety, stress, loneliness, and sleep were assessed. Maximal and explosive hip-adduction and -abduction strength were assessed. Between-group effects were expressed as Cohen's d or rank-biserial correlation r. Athletes with long-standing groin pain showed lower pressure-pain thresholds on the most painful side (d = 0.7-1.2), and lower pain detection threshold (d = 0.7). They reported more pain catastrophizing (r = 0.6), fear of movement (r = 0.4-0.5), depressive symptoms (r = 0.3-0.4), and lower pain self-efficacy (r = 0.6). Explosive strength was lower during both hip-adduction (d = 0.8) and hip-abduction (d = 0.7-0.9). At the group level, male athletes with long-standing groin pain showed altered pain sensitivity, adverse psychological factors, and lower explosive hip strength, despite inter-individual heterogeneity in these factors. Athletes with these characteristics may require a more biopsychosocial management than the traditional approach.","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"34 1","pages":"e70334"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148393380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scientific Utility of Emerging Indicators in Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs) Severity/Risk Assessment.","authors":"Ida A Heikura,Ming-Chang Tsai,Louise M Burke,Kathryn E Ackerman,Sara Forsyth,Anthony C Hackney,Trent Stellingwerff","doi":"10.1111/sms.70318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.70318","url":null,"abstract":"Many emerging but non-validated indicators and biomarker thresholds have been used in the Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs) literature. Accordingly, we (1) compared the outcomes of the 2023 International Olympic Committee REDs Clinical Assessment Tool-version 2 (CAT2) (green, yellow, orange and red traffic light risk/severity assessment) with emerging REDs indicators, and (2) tested the utility of existing risk thresholds (clinical vs. subclinical biomarker cut-offs) for primary and secondary REDs indicators. Female (n = 143) and male (n = 70) athletes (performance tier 3-5) were assessed with the CAT2 and emerging REDs indicators featuring a self-report questionnaire, fasted blood analysis, resting blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR). Logistic regression was used to determine threshold cut-offs for blood biomarkers at which there was an 80% probability of REDs. Red-light athletes had significantly lower systolic BP (p < 0.001), HR (p = 0.009), white blood cell count (WBC; p = 0.018) and higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p = 0.028) compared to green-light. Elevated cortisol: insulin ratio (p = 0.018), and reduced prolactin (p < 0.001) and luteinizing hormone (p < 0.05) concentrations were observed among higher-risk (orange + red) versus lower-risk (green + yellow) athletes. Males with total testosterone and triiodothyronine within the lowest quartile of reference range had an 80% probability of being classified as higher risk (orange + red) and history of BSI, respectively. For other outcomes at 80% probability, biomarkers were outside the clinical range. HR, systolic BP and WBC may be appropriate considerations for extreme (red-light) REDs diagnosis. More research with larger numbers of orange/red light athletes is needed to confirm findings and elucidate athlete-specific cut-offs for subclinically low biomarkers.","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"36 1","pages":"e70318"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148388563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peak Fat Oxidation Does Not Increase From Preseason to Competitive Season and Is Not Associated With Physical Performance of Elite Male Football Players.","authors":"Tue Rømer,Mikkel Thunestvedt Hansen,Ronni Eg Sahl,Kristine Kjær Lange,Ida Blom,Ann-Sofie Kleis-Olsen,Christina Rohde Ruppert,Loftur Gísli Jóhannsson,Morten Bredsgaard Randers,Malte Nejst Larsen,Jesper Sangild,Peter Krustrup,Jørn Wulff Helge","doi":"10.1111/sms.70330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.70330","url":null,"abstract":"Elite male football players have high peak fat oxidation (PFO), and recently PFO was reported to increase following preseason (PS) training in semi-professional male players. Whether PFO increases from PS to competitive season (CS) in elite male football players remains unknown. This study investigated if PFO increases from PS to CS in elite male football players, and secondarily, it explored the interplay between PFO and running performance. Twenty-two elite male outfield football players reported to the laboratory during PS and CS. Testing included a resting blood sample, a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan, and a graded treadmill running test. The players' load during training and matches was monitored between the test days. PFO, the intensity eliciting PFO (Fatmax) and peak oxygen consumption (V̇O2peak) did not change from PS to CS (mean difference with 95% confidence intervals: -1.0 mg·kg FFM-1·min-1 (95% CI: -2.4 to 0.3 mg·kg FFM-1·min-1), 1% V̇O2peak (95% CI: -4% to 6% V̇O2peak) and 0.2 mL·kg-1·min-1 (95% CI: -1.0 to 1.4 mL·kg-1·min-1), respectively). Intra-individual changes in PFO, Fatmax and V̇O2peak from PS to CS were not positively correlated with weekly distance covered during football training, or with changes in distance covered during matches, neither in total nor within intensity domains. Whole body fat-free mass increased by 1.2 kg (95% CI: 0.4 to 1.9 kg) and fat percentage decreased by 0.4% points (95% CI: 0.1% to 0.8% points) from PS to CS. In conclusion, PFO, Fatmax and V̇O2peak did not change from PS to CS, and PFO was not associated with training or match running performance of elite male football players.","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"207 1","pages":"e70330"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148342038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Development, Validation and Reliability of the Sports Injury Prevention Behavior Determinants Questionnaire.","authors":"Roar Amundsen,Emilie Scholten Sjølie,Carly McKay,Siv Gjesdal,Hege Grindem,Grethe Myklebust,Christian Thue Bjørndal,Merete Møller","doi":"10.1111/sms.70329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.70329","url":null,"abstract":"Valid data on behavioral determinants are essential to enhance adherence to injury prevention (IP) programs. This study reports the development and validation of the Sports Injury Prevention Behavior Determinants Questionnaire for youth handball and football players (12-17 years) and their coaches. Using the Health Action Process Approach framework, we followed consensus-based guidelines, including conceptualisation, focus groups, cognitive interviews, and a cross-sectional study for both players and coaches. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), reliability testing, and principal component analysis (PCA) were performed for the coach questionnaire only. Focus groups identified training load management, pain and injury management, and injury prevention training as key IP elements. These were integrated with relevant HAPA constructs during item development and refined through cognitive interviews. A cross-sectional study (337 coaches, 528 players) and CFA informed the final coach version, which was subsequently evaluated using a test-retest design. PCA included 59 coaches while the reliability analysis included 45 due to drop out. Intraclass correlation coefficients indicated good reliability (> 0.75) for all constructs in the coach questionnaire, although self-efficacy constructs showed small systematic differences (≤ 0.04; 95% CI 0.00 to 0.06). PCA led to minor refinements of the questionnaire. The Sports Injury Prevention Behavior Determinants Questionnaire is the first validated tool to assess IP behavioral determinants in youth handball and football coaches, with applicability across team sports. The player version followed the initial steps to ensure good face and content validity but requires refinement based on CFA and further reliability testing and PCA.","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"53 1","pages":"e70329"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148365487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Repetition-Based Progressive-Overload Strategies in Resistance Training: Rest-Pause Versus Drop Sets.","authors":"Salvador Vargas-Molina,Alejandro García-Palumbo,Jorge L Petro,Diego A Bonilla,Manuel García-Sillero,Leandro Carbone,Brad J Schoenfeld,Javier Benítez-Porres","doi":"10.1111/sms.70327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.70327","url":null,"abstract":"Rest-pause (RP) and drop sets (DS) are widely used as intensification strategies during resistance training. However, their incorporation within a repetition-based progressive-overload (PO) model and their effects under supervised conditions are not well established. We compared progressive-overload rest-pause (PO-RP) with progressive-overload drop-set (PO-DS) training, assessing changes in body composition and maximal strength in resistance-trained adults. Twenty-three participants (20 men and 3 women; 29.1 [5.9] years; 25.0 [3.1] kg/m2) were randomized to either PO-RP (n = 12) or PO-DS (n = 11). After a 1-week familiarization phase, both groups trained twice weekly for 8 weeks under supervision while following a prescribed nutritional protocol. Pre/post measures of body composition were assessed by DXA, and maximal strength was evaluated by the one-repetition maximum (1-RM) bench press. Adiposity-related outcomes (total and upper-body fat mass, and total and upper-body fat-free adipose tissue) remained essentially unchanged in both protocols (all group × time p > 0.05). Lean soft tissue mass increased in PO-DS (Δ = 1.4 kg; 95% CI, 0.8-2.2; p < 0.001; g = 0.1) and PO-RP (Δ = 1.2 kg; 95% CI, 0.8-2.0; p < 0.001; g = 0.1), with no between-protocol difference in change (group × time p = 0.688). Bench press 1-RM increased in both protocols (PO-DS: Δ = 12.3 kg; 95% CI, 9.6-14.0; p < 0.001; g = 0.7; PO-RP: Δ = 9.5 kg; 95% CI, 7.3-11.2; p < 0.001; g = 0.4), without a statistically significant group × time effect (p = 0.086). Under supervised training and a standardized nutritional protocol, PO-RP and PO-DS produced comparable adaptations. Adiposity-related outcomes remained stable, fat-free compartment measures increased, and maximal strength improved, with no statistically significant between-protocol differences in change. Future research should determine whether these adaptations are maintained over longer interventions and whether responses differ across populations with different characteristics, including women, older adults, clinical populations, or individuals with different training experience. Further studies incorporating larger samples, direct assessments of muscle hypertrophy, additional strength outcomes, and mechanistic measures of fatigue and recovery may help refine the application of advanced resistance-training strategies in evidence-based exercise programs.","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"32 1","pages":"e70327"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148304874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Two-Way Ballistic Versus Jump Squat Training on Explosive Strength and Neuromuscular Adaptations in Highly Trained Sprinters.","authors":"Yiheng Zeng,Junlei Lin,Fan Peng,Yu Shi,Zhonghe Yang,Nicholas Ripley,Olivier Girard,Urs Granacher,Wei Li","doi":"10.1111/sms.70333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.70333","url":null,"abstract":"Maximal intended velocity (MIV)-based resistance training enhances explosive performance, yet it remains unclear whether different MIV modalities induce distinct neuromuscular adaptations. This study compared the effects of two-way ballistic (TWB) and jump squat (JS) training on explosive strength and neuromuscular characteristics in highly trained sprinters. Forty highly trained male sprinters (Tier 3) were randomly assigned to TWB (n = 20) or JS (n = 20). Both groups completed 12 training sessions (5 sets of 8 repetitions at 50%-55% 1RM) over 6 weeks. Pre- and post-tests included countermovement jump (CMJ), consecutive CMJ (CCMJ), 30-m sprint, isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP), 6-s cycle sprint, vastus lateralis (VL) muscle architecture, and VL and biceps femoris (BF) activation during CCMJ performance. Both groups improved CMJ, CCMJ height, 30-m sprint, and 6-s cycle performance (p < 0.05), with similar increases in VL muscle architecture. TWB showed a greater IMTP 100-ms impulse improvement (ηp2 = 0.25), while JS demonstrated greater improvements in the modified reactive strength index (RSImod; ηp2 = 0.11). VL activation increased more after TWB than JS during take-off (p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.30) and during landing (p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.58). TWB and JS training both improved explosive performance through different neuromuscular pathways. TWB training enhanced early-phase force production and was associated with greater VL activation during take-off, whereas JS training preferentially improved reactive strength, likely reflecting SSC-related adaptations. These findings highlight that movement structure within MIV condition influences the direction of adaptation and should therefore be selected according to the specific performance qualities targeted in athletic training.","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"123 1","pages":"e70333"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148552340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of Physiological Resilience Among Recreational-To-Competitive Endurance Runners.","authors":"Timi Malinen,Pekka Matomäki,Arja Uusitalo,Heikki Kyröläinen,Olli-Pekka Nuuttila","doi":"10.1111/sms.70349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.70349","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to investigate (1) whether factors related to endurance performance are associated with physiological resilience in recreational-to-competitive runners, and (2) differences between recreational and competitive runners in physiological resilience. During three test days, 33 runners (15 competitive and 18 recreational) were tested for their peak fat oxidation, maximal blood lactate concentration (Lamax) after maximal anaerobic running test (MART), maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) in isometric leg press, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), maximal speed of incremental test (sPeak), speeds at ventilatory thresholds (sVTs), running economy (RE), and physiological resilience. Physiological resilience was tested as deterioration of VO2max, sPeak, VTs, and RE during and after ~2.5 h moderate-intensity run at ~90% of VT1. Associations between other variables and physiological resilience were analyzed using Pearson's or sex-adjusted partial correlations in the whole sample. Recreational runners had higher deterioration of VT1 (p = 0.049), but lower deterioration in RE (p = 0.042) than competitive runners. Lower decline in sPeak was associated with higher VO2max (r = 0.37, p = 0.04) and lower Lamax (r = -0.37, p = 0.03). Lower decline in sVT1 was associated with higher VO2max (r = 0.37, p = 0.04), sVT2 (r = 0.52, p = 0.002), sVT1 (r = 0.48, p = 0.006), and sPeak (r = 0.44, p = 0.01). Lower decline in RE was associated with worse RE (r = -0.49, p = 0.004) and higher MVC (r = -0.40, p = 0.02). Lower decline VO2max was associated with worse RE (r = 0.42, p = 0.02). It appears that physiological resilience is associated with multiple different physiological systems. High aerobic fitness and MVC of the leg extensors, and lower Lamax after MART may be related to better physiological resilience.","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"43 1","pages":"e70349"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148552344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Training and Detraining Effects of Eccentric Exercise and Static Stretching on Hamstring Aponeurosis Dimensions.","authors":"Chrysostomos Sahinis,Raki Kawama,Yuki Okuda,Katsuki Takahashi,Taku Wakahara,Eleftherios Kellis","doi":"10.1111/sms.70351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.70351","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the effects of 10 weeks of eccentric knee-flexor training or matched-duration static stretching on hamstring aponeurosis dimensions and muscle size, and explored the changes after 4 weeks of detraining. Eleven healthy untrained men completed a within-participant contralateral intervention (3 sessions·week-1, 10 weeks) followed by 4 weeks of detraining. One leg performed eccentric knee-flexion exercise on an isokinetic dynamometer (3 × 10 reps at 5°·s-1; 50% maximal eccentric torque), while the contralateral leg performed static stretching (3 holds matched to eccentric time under tension). Hamstring outer aponeurosis volumes, inner aponeurosis volumes and widths, and muscle volumes were quantified using magnetic resonance imaging. Outer aponeurosis volume increased after both training protocols across all muscles (p < 0.05) and was maintained during the 4 week detraining period, with comparable changes observed between stretching (~19.0%-31.8%, d = 0.91-1.69) and eccentric training (~15.8%-22.8%, d = 0.85-1.13). Inner-aponeurosis volume and width of biceps femoris long head and semimembranosus also increased after both training protocols (~7%-23%; p < 0.05; d = 0.33-0.86) and were preserved during detraining. Muscle hypertrophy occurred only after eccentric training (~22%-42%; p < 0.05; d = 0.98-1.65) in biarticular hamstrings and remained above baseline in the detraining period. Stretching exercise produced minimal changes in muscle volume (p > 0.05). Changes in muscle volume were not significantly associated with changes in aponeurosis dimensions in almost all cases (p > 0.05). These findings suggest that hamstring aponeurosis dimensions can increase after both eccentric loading and static stretching, whereas muscle hypertrophy is largely eccentric-specific and more sensitive to short-term detraining.","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"455 1","pages":"e70351"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148521923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}