Saudi Medical Journal最新文献

{"title":"Comment on: GLP-1RA and SGLT2i utilization in people with type 2 diabetes with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) or at high risk of ASCVD in the Gulf Region.","authors":"","doi":"10.15537/smj.2025.46.20250193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2025.46.20250193","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21453,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Medical Journal","volume":"46 8","pages":"954"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12376149/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144967054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the role of genetic variations of <i>ABCB1</i> (rs1045642) and <i>CYP7A1</i> (rs3808607) genes on serum lipid level among Malaysian male patients treated with atorvastatin.","authors":"Muhammad U Afzal, Naam B Adeeb, Nur F Musa, Dzul A Noor, Nur Aizati Athirah Binti Daud","doi":"10.15537/smj.2025.46.8.20250310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2025.46.8.20250310","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore the allele frequency and associations between the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the <i>ABCB1</i> (rs1045642) and <i>CYP7A1</i> (rs3808607) genes on lipid-lowering efficacy of atorvastatin among Malaysian male patients.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The study included 64 subjects from a previous genetic association study among male patients who were on atorvastatin. The study was carried out at HUSM, Kelantan, Malaysia from December 2023 to October 2024. The patients were split into 2 groups, each consisting of 32 subjects such as controlled (LDL level <3 mmol/L) and uncontrolled (LDL level >3 mmol/L). After genotyping each participant, the influence on their lipid profile was determined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The genotype frequency of genes <i>ABCB1</i> (rs1045642) and <i>CYP7A1</i> (rs3808607) was higher in the variant allele GG (37.5%) and TT (36%), respectively, compared with the reference allele. Patients with the variant genotype of <i>ABCB1</i> and reference genotype of <i>CYP7A1</i> were more likely to be observed in the controlled group in response to atorvastatin. A significant correlation was found between the genotype <i>ABCB1</i> (rs1045642) and HDL levels (p=0.045).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The allele frequency of the heterozygous group was higher in both studied SNPs. The variant allele of gene <i>ABCB1</i> and the reference allele of <i>CYP7A1</i> showed a more favorable lipid profile.</p>","PeriodicalId":21453,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Medical Journal","volume":"46 8","pages":"898-906"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12376158/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144967133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social connection linked to improved health and reduced risk of early death.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21453,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Medical Journal","volume":"46 8","pages":"960-961"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12376168/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144967055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The use of semaglutide medicines and risk of non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION).","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21453,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Medical Journal","volume":"46 8","pages":"959"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12376166/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144967058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and risk factors of gastroesophageal reflux disease among population of Saudi Arabia: A meta-analysis.","authors":"Waleed D Khubzan, Dana O Kaddah, Ola E Alkhoshiban, Mirza H Alkhater, Botool A Alshahrani, Rama A Alhatlani, Muntaha S Alsulaimani, Dalal A Elyas, Majed A Almourgi","doi":"10.15537/smj.2025.46.8.20250231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2025.46.8.20250231","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To find how common gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is in Saudi Arabia and to identify the main risk factors linked to it.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We followed PRISMA guidelines and registered the study on PROSPERO (CRD42025637142). A full literature search was done across PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar up to December 2024. Two reviewers independently reviewed the results. We assessed the risk of bias using the JBI critical appraisal tool and evaluated potential reporting bias through Egger's test. To determine the overall prevalence and key contributing risk factors, we conducted a meta-analysis utilizing a random-effects approach. We also did subgroup analyses based on gender and other variables. STATA version 17 was used for all analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, we included 22 cross-sectional studies with 18,487 participants altogether. The combined prevalence of GERD in both genders was 33%. Males had a prevalence of 34%, and females were close at 33%. Common risk factors were observed such as smoking (44%), eating fast food (43%), spicy food (34%), NSAID use (31%), and drinking tea or coffee (32%). The substantial heterogeneity observed (I² >95%) could potentially be attributed to variations in methodological approaches or differences in the characteristics of the sampled populations. Therefore, a random-effect model was used for all analyses.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Gastroesophageal reflux disease appears to have a higher prevalence in Saudi Arabia relative to global figures. The findings underscore several prominent risk factors frequently observed within the region, indicating the importance of enhancing public awareness and implementing focused lifestyle interventions to help reduce and control the impact of GERD.<b>PROSPERO No.: CRD42025637142</b>.</p>","PeriodicalId":21453,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Medical Journal","volume":"46 8","pages":"849-864"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12392409/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144967071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and clinical features of laryngopharyngeal reflux in adults with chronic tonsillitis.","authors":"Yahya A Fageeh, Marwan F Alnofaie, Muhanna A Alhusayni, Ahmed A Aljemyie, Lama S Alqurashi, Rayan A Alolayani, Rayan H Alaseeri, Abdullah N Al-Rasheedi","doi":"10.15537/smj.2025.46.8.20250129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2025.46.8.20250129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess the prevalence and clinical presentation of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) among adults with chronic tonsillitis and examine how effective reflux treatments are for these patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary referral hospital from March 2024 to January 2025 on adult participants diagnosed with chronic tonsillitis who presented with tonsillar inflammation and sore throat. The participants were evaluated before and after treatment with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and dietary and lifestyle modifications for 3 months. The assessment tools used were as follows: visual analog scale (VAS) for sore throat, tonsillar grade, reflux symptom index (RSI), and reflux finding score (RFS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 112 patients, of whom 81 (72.3%) had LPR based on RSI and RFS measurements. Of the participants who met the criteria for LPR diagnosis, 78 received 3 months of treatment. Of the patients who completed the study treatment protocol, 64.1% reported complete relief from sore throat. Mean VAS scores significantly reduced from 2.69 to 0.97 (<i>p</i><0.001), tonsillar grades from 1.78 to 1.64 (<i>p</i>=0.001), RSI scores from 20.6 to 12.7 (<i>p</i><0.001), and RFS scores from 11.1 to 6.40 (<i>p</i><0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrates a significant association between chronic tonsillitis and LPR. Treating LPR in patients with chronic tonsillitis with PPIs and dietary and lifestyle modifications can improve LPR and tonsillar inflammation, potentially reducing unnecessary tonsillectomies.</p>","PeriodicalId":21453,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Medical Journal","volume":"46 8","pages":"919-925"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12376165/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144967101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison between ondansetron and granisetron in preventing nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Waleed D Khubzan, Mohammed H Albagieh, Ruyuf A Nathif, Waad M Alshamrani, Nawaf S Alharbi, Reem A Sharahili, Naif M Alsaeed, Mohammedeid M Mahfouz","doi":"10.15537/smj.2025.46.7.20250185","DOIUrl":"10.15537/smj.2025.46.7.20250185","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To find the most optimal drug for post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) prophylaxis after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) by comparing ondansetron and granisetron.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We carried out our study in adherence to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses instructions. Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, and Ovid MEDLINE (through November 2024) were searched for studies comparing ondansetron and granisetron after LC. Primary outcomes include the incidence of PONV at 0-12 hour and 0-24 hour time points; secondary outcomes included rescue anti-emetic use and adverse effects. All data analysis and the quality assessment were carried out by utilizing review manager 5.4.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 21 studies encompassing 1539 patients were included; 17 of them were eligible for meta-analysis. Compared with ondansetron, granisetron was effective in reducing nausea (15.2% vs. 25.4%; risk ratio [RR]=1.67, I²=7%, <i>p</i>=0.0001) and vomiting (10.3% vs. 18%; RR=1.73, I²=49%, <i>p</i>=0.001) within the first 12 hours. At 24-hour time point, granisetron was once again superior in reducing the episodes of nausea (21.8% vs. 38.5%, I²=35%) and vomiting (13.4% vs. 23.3%, I²=52%), with low-to-moderate heterogeneity. Patients on granisetron required less rescue anti-emetics (10.7% vs. 23.1%; RR=2.14, I²=32%, <i>p</i><0.0001). Adverse effects were also fewer with granisetron (<i>p</i>=0.04).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>According to our findings, granisetron was superior in preventing PONV when compared to ondansetron following LC, with fewer rescue anti-emetics and adverse effects. Further research on cost-effectiveness and optimal dosing is required.<b>PROSPERO No. ID: CRD42024623780</b>.</p>","PeriodicalId":21453,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Medical Journal","volume":"46 7","pages":"721-734"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12251592/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144592116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical efficacy of simultaneous versus staged stent implantation after percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy in IVCS patients with acute IFDVT.","authors":"Shan-C Cheng, Zhu Wang, Xin-S Cao, Yong-Z Zhang, Xian-C Wang, Xin-Q Han","doi":"10.15537/smj.2025.46.7.20240859","DOIUrl":"10.15537/smj.2025.46.7.20240859","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess the clinical outcomes and prognoses of various stent implantation timings after percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy (PMT) in patients with iliac vein compression syndrome (IVCS) complicated by acute iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis (IFDVT).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 99 patients diagnosed with IVCS with acute IFDVT from December 2016 to February 2024 at our institution were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into 2 groups: Group A underwent simultaneous iliac vein stent implantation, while Group B received staged stent implantation after local urokinase thrombolysis. The 2 groups were compared on the basis of limb edema resolution within 3 days postsurgery, urokinase doses, hospitalization duration, and in-stent patency during follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the follow-up, the stent occlusion rates were comparable between the 2 groups. Compared with Group B, Group A experienced faster limb edema resolution within 3 days postsurgery and required lower urokinase doses and a shorter hospitalization duration. In Group B, 13 patients needed additional stent implantation due to iliac vein occlusion after thrombolysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Simultaneous iliac vein stent implantation, as opposed to staged placement after PMT, improved limb edema resolution within 3 days, reduced urokinase doses, and shortened hospital stays.</p>","PeriodicalId":21453,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Medical Journal","volume":"46 7","pages":"836-840"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12251528/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144592114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient-centered interventions to enhance peritoneal dialysis utilization in Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Maryam T Almousa, Ibrahim A Aljamaan","doi":"10.15537/smj.2025.46.7.20250272","DOIUrl":"10.15537/smj.2025.46.7.20250272","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To apply a patient-centered care approach to enhance peritoneal dialysis (PD) utilization by proposing patient-centered interventions (PCIs) based on chronic kidney disease patients' perspectives on the advantages and disadvantages of dialysis modalities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was carried out between November 2023 and May 2024 to collect data from 423 patients from different regions across Saudi Arabia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study revealed that ensuring high safety during dialysis sessions was the most valued advantage among 43.2% of the participants, whereas the inability to travel was the most significant disadvantage. The duration of the dialysis session was identified as a potential hidden factor deterring patients from choosing PD. Based on participants' perspectives, various PCIs were proposed to enhance PD utilization, including providing assisted automated PD, investigating traveling restrictions of PD, and starting a new development line focusing on decreasing the duration of the PD session or reducing the time required for the patient to be connected to the PD device.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Regardless of the dialysis modality, safety and travel were the issues that mattered most to patients. Thus, researchers and policymakers may address these issues to contribute to the enhancement of PD utilization.</p>","PeriodicalId":21453,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Medical Journal","volume":"46 7","pages":"751-760"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12251570/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144592123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rehmannia glutinosa for perimenopausal syndrome in patients with breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Dejia Kong, Feixiang Huang, Wenhua Liu, Ma Lin, Zhumei Sheng, Junmiao Xu","doi":"10.15537/smj.2025.46.7.20240572","DOIUrl":"10.15537/smj.2025.46.7.20240572","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To carry out a quantitative assessment of the therapeutic effect of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM), with Rehmannia glutinosa as the main ingredient, in treating perimenopausal syndrome (PMS) in breast cancer patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing CHM with Rehmannia glutinosa as the principal ingredient and Western medicine in treating PMS among breast cancer patients were retrieved from multiple databases. These databases included PubMed, Cochrane library, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, China Science and Technology Journal Database, and China Biology Medicine Database. The primary outcome was the change in the Kupperman index by the end of the follow-up period. Secondary outcomes were changes in Karnofsky performance status (KPS), the functional assessment of cancer therapy - breast (FACT-B), the percentages of T-cells, levels of gonadal hormones, and tumor markers in peripheral blood at the end of follow-up, and adverse events.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The meta-analysis included 17 RCTs involving 1,139 patients showing that CHM with Rehmannia glutinosa as the monarch drug significantly improved the Kupperman index (MD= -12.79, <i>p</i><0.01), KPS score and increased the percentage of CD4 cells, reduced the percentage of CD8 cells, and improved the CD4/CD8 ratio in peripheral blood, compared to Western medicine. There were no significant differences in FACT-B scores. Levels of gonadal hormones in peripheral blood did not exhibit significant variations, and no severe adverse reactions were detected.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These data suggest that CHM with Rehmannia glutinosa as the monarch drug may be applied in the treatment of PMS in patients with breast cancer. These results should be considered in the context of the methodological flaws and high heterogeneity of the included RCTs.<b>PROSPERO No. ID: CRD42022384810</b>.</p>","PeriodicalId":21453,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Medical Journal","volume":"46 7","pages":"735-745"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12251504/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144592126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}