Saudi Medical Journal最新文献

{"title":"Comparison between ondansetron and granisetron in preventing nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Waleed D Khubzan, Mohammed H Albagieh, Ruyuf A Nathif, Waad M Alshamrani, Nawaf S Alharbi, Reem A Sharahili, Naif M Alsaeed, Mohammedeid M Mahfouz","doi":"10.15537/smj.2025.46.7.20250185","DOIUrl":"10.15537/smj.2025.46.7.20250185","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To find the most optimal drug for post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) prophylaxis after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) by comparing ondansetron and granisetron.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We carried out our study in adherence to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses instructions. Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, and Ovid MEDLINE (through November 2024) were searched for studies comparing ondansetron and granisetron after LC. Primary outcomes include the incidence of PONV at 0-12 hour and 0-24 hour time points; secondary outcomes included rescue anti-emetic use and adverse effects. All data analysis and the quality assessment were carried out by utilizing review manager 5.4.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 21 studies encompassing 1539 patients were included; 17 of them were eligible for meta-analysis. Compared with ondansetron, granisetron was effective in reducing nausea (15.2% vs. 25.4%; risk ratio [RR]=1.67, I²=7%, <i>p</i>=0.0001) and vomiting (10.3% vs. 18%; RR=1.73, I²=49%, <i>p</i>=0.001) within the first 12 hours. At 24-hour time point, granisetron was once again superior in reducing the episodes of nausea (21.8% vs. 38.5%, I²=35%) and vomiting (13.4% vs. 23.3%, I²=52%), with low-to-moderate heterogeneity. Patients on granisetron required less rescue anti-emetics (10.7% vs. 23.1%; RR=2.14, I²=32%, <i>p</i><0.0001). Adverse effects were also fewer with granisetron (<i>p</i>=0.04).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>According to our findings, granisetron was superior in preventing PONV when compared to ondansetron following LC, with fewer rescue anti-emetics and adverse effects. Further research on cost-effectiveness and optimal dosing is required.<b>PROSPERO No. ID: CRD42024623780</b>.</p>","PeriodicalId":21453,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Medical Journal","volume":"46 7","pages":"721-734"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12251592/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144592116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical efficacy of simultaneous versus staged stent implantation after percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy in IVCS patients with acute IFDVT.","authors":"Shan-C Cheng, Zhu Wang, Xin-S Cao, Yong-Z Zhang, Xian-C Wang, Xin-Q Han","doi":"10.15537/smj.2025.46.7.20240859","DOIUrl":"10.15537/smj.2025.46.7.20240859","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess the clinical outcomes and prognoses of various stent implantation timings after percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy (PMT) in patients with iliac vein compression syndrome (IVCS) complicated by acute iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis (IFDVT).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 99 patients diagnosed with IVCS with acute IFDVT from December 2016 to February 2024 at our institution were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into 2 groups: Group A underwent simultaneous iliac vein stent implantation, while Group B received staged stent implantation after local urokinase thrombolysis. The 2 groups were compared on the basis of limb edema resolution within 3 days postsurgery, urokinase doses, hospitalization duration, and in-stent patency during follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the follow-up, the stent occlusion rates were comparable between the 2 groups. Compared with Group B, Group A experienced faster limb edema resolution within 3 days postsurgery and required lower urokinase doses and a shorter hospitalization duration. In Group B, 13 patients needed additional stent implantation due to iliac vein occlusion after thrombolysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Simultaneous iliac vein stent implantation, as opposed to staged placement after PMT, improved limb edema resolution within 3 days, reduced urokinase doses, and shortened hospital stays.</p>","PeriodicalId":21453,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Medical Journal","volume":"46 7","pages":"836-840"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12251528/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144592114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient-centered interventions to enhance peritoneal dialysis utilization in Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Maryam T Almousa, Ibrahim A Aljamaan","doi":"10.15537/smj.2025.46.7.20250272","DOIUrl":"10.15537/smj.2025.46.7.20250272","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To apply a patient-centered care approach to enhance peritoneal dialysis (PD) utilization by proposing patient-centered interventions (PCIs) based on chronic kidney disease patients' perspectives on the advantages and disadvantages of dialysis modalities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was carried out between November 2023 and May 2024 to collect data from 423 patients from different regions across Saudi Arabia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study revealed that ensuring high safety during dialysis sessions was the most valued advantage among 43.2% of the participants, whereas the inability to travel was the most significant disadvantage. The duration of the dialysis session was identified as a potential hidden factor deterring patients from choosing PD. Based on participants' perspectives, various PCIs were proposed to enhance PD utilization, including providing assisted automated PD, investigating traveling restrictions of PD, and starting a new development line focusing on decreasing the duration of the PD session or reducing the time required for the patient to be connected to the PD device.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Regardless of the dialysis modality, safety and travel were the issues that mattered most to patients. Thus, researchers and policymakers may address these issues to contribute to the enhancement of PD utilization.</p>","PeriodicalId":21453,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Medical Journal","volume":"46 7","pages":"751-760"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12251570/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144592123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rehmannia glutinosa for perimenopausal syndrome in patients with breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Dejia Kong, Feixiang Huang, Wenhua Liu, Ma Lin, Zhumei Sheng, Junmiao Xu","doi":"10.15537/smj.2025.46.7.20240572","DOIUrl":"10.15537/smj.2025.46.7.20240572","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To carry out a quantitative assessment of the therapeutic effect of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM), with Rehmannia glutinosa as the main ingredient, in treating perimenopausal syndrome (PMS) in breast cancer patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing CHM with Rehmannia glutinosa as the principal ingredient and Western medicine in treating PMS among breast cancer patients were retrieved from multiple databases. These databases included PubMed, Cochrane library, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, China Science and Technology Journal Database, and China Biology Medicine Database. The primary outcome was the change in the Kupperman index by the end of the follow-up period. Secondary outcomes were changes in Karnofsky performance status (KPS), the functional assessment of cancer therapy - breast (FACT-B), the percentages of T-cells, levels of gonadal hormones, and tumor markers in peripheral blood at the end of follow-up, and adverse events.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The meta-analysis included 17 RCTs involving 1,139 patients showing that CHM with Rehmannia glutinosa as the monarch drug significantly improved the Kupperman index (MD= -12.79, <i>p</i><0.01), KPS score and increased the percentage of CD4 cells, reduced the percentage of CD8 cells, and improved the CD4/CD8 ratio in peripheral blood, compared to Western medicine. There were no significant differences in FACT-B scores. Levels of gonadal hormones in peripheral blood did not exhibit significant variations, and no severe adverse reactions were detected.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These data suggest that CHM with Rehmannia glutinosa as the monarch drug may be applied in the treatment of PMS in patients with breast cancer. These results should be considered in the context of the methodological flaws and high heterogeneity of the included RCTs.<b>PROSPERO No. ID: CRD42022384810</b>.</p>","PeriodicalId":21453,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Medical Journal","volume":"46 7","pages":"735-745"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12251504/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144592126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histopathological features of gastrointestinal and pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms: An 11-year retrospective study from a tertiary center in Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Rana Y Bokhary","doi":"10.15537/smj.2025.46.7.20250313","DOIUrl":"10.15537/smj.2025.46.7.20250313","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the clinicopathological features of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NENs) over 11 years at a single tertiary institution in Saudi Arabia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a retrospective review, data from 71 patients diagnosed with GEP-NEN, at a tertiary academic center in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, between January 2014 to December 2024, were analyzed for demographics, clinical presentation, tumor location, size, pathology, grade, and immunohistochemistry. The statistical analyses included Chi-square, Mann-Whitney-U, and Spearman's correlation tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The cohort had a mean age of 54.9±15.1 years and comprised 62% males. Most tumors originated in the foregut (62.0%) and were unifocal (83.1%). Abdominal pain (29.6%) and weight loss (9.9%) were the most common symptoms, and 18.2% of cases were incidentally detected. Well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors represented 77.5% of the cases, with grade 1 being the most prevalent (60.0%). Synaptophysin was detected in 100% of patients and chromogranin A was detected in 90.1% of patients. The tumor size was significantly positively correlated with the tumor grade (r=0.57, <i>p</i>=0.001), whereas tumor grade was not significantly associated with gender or other clinicopathological features.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors originating in the foregut were predominant in this cohort. These findings provide important regional insights into GEP-NENs and support the need for further research to enhance the diagnostic and treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":21453,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Medical Journal","volume":"46 7","pages":"761-767"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12251566/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144592119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and factors associated with functional disability in daily activities among older adults in Bisha, Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study.","authors":"Abdullah H Alhalafi, Ibrahim A Eljack, Shehab M Almalki, Ahmed S Doghish, Osama A Mohammed, Abdullah F Alhalafi, Saif M Alqahtani, Hussain S Alqahtani, Galaleldien M Abdalla, Abubakar M Jibo","doi":"10.15537/smj.2025.46.7.20250144","DOIUrl":"10.15537/smj.2025.46.7.20250144","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To determine the prevalence of functional disability among older people attending primary healthcare centers in Bisha, Saudi Arabia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study used a cross-sectional design and gathered data from older adults (60 years and older) attending primary healthcare centers in Bisha. Data was collected using structured interviews based on the Katz Index of Independence in activities of daily living (ADL). Ordinal logistic regression models identified major ADL limiting variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total number of 396 respondents, with 40.7% (n=161) females. The prevalence of functional disability using the Katz ADL Index scale was 54%. Nearly half (45.5%) of the respondents fell within the independent range, 25.5% were moderately dependent, and 29% were completely dependent. Age (<i>p</i>=0.00), income (<i>p</i>=0.507), urban residence (<i>p</i>=0.003), and marital status (<i>p</i>=0.14) have positive estimated parameters adding to the log of odds in the higher category of the dependent variable (high dependence).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A significant proportion of older adults in Bisha, Saudi Arabia, experience functional limitations, highlighting the need for interventions and support services.</p>","PeriodicalId":21453,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Medical Journal","volume":"46 7","pages":"806-815"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12251529/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144592125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social connection linked to improved health and reduced risk of early death.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21453,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Medical Journal","volume":"46 7","pages":"843-844"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12251498/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144592127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study reveals processes important for skin cancer aggressiveness and identifies two classes of drugs that may block them.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21453,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Medical Journal","volume":"46 7","pages":"842"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12251543/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144592128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The case for indexing: Echocardiographic dimensions in the Arab Gulf.","authors":"Adil I Jumani, Shaini C Mani, Ghada A Rashwan, Hadiza O Ibrahim, Jumaa S Aldhaheri, Safaa M Almohdar, Khaled M Alfakih","doi":"10.15537/smj.2025.46.7.20250237","DOIUrl":"10.15537/smj.2025.46.7.20250237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate echocardiographic parameters in young Emirati males and compare them to American Society of Echocardiography/European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging reference ranges, highlighting the need for population-specific or indexed normal ranges. Echocardiographic reference ranges for cardiac dimensions are primarily derived from Western populations, which may not be suitable for smaller-bodied populations, such as Asians.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Echocardiography was performed on 60 healthy Emirati males undergoing military recruitment from September to December 2024. Measurements included left ventricular (LV), aortic, and left atrial (LA) dimensions and volumes. Parameters were indexed to body surface area (BSA) and compared to established Western norms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Left ventricular end-diastolic (38-54 mm) and end-systolic dimensions (23-36 mm) were smaller than Western ranges which are 42-58 mm for end-diastolic and 25-40 mm for endsystolic dimensions. Aortic dimensions were also smaller, including the annulus (17-27 mm) and ascending aorta (18-30 mm). Indexed measurements resolved discrepancies, aligning with global standards. Left atrial dimensions (22-41 mm) were comparable to Western norms, while biplane LA volumes (11-30 ml/m²) and 3D volumes (11-28 ml/m²) were lower.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Significant differences exist between cardiac dimensions in Emirati males and Western reference ranges. Indexing to BSA addresses these discrepancies, emphasizing the need for indexed ranges to ensure accurate diagnoses and timely interventions, particularly in diverse populations globally.</p>","PeriodicalId":21453,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Medical Journal","volume":"46 7","pages":"746-750"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12251580/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144592129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"WHO issues first global guideline to improve pregnancy care for women with sickle cell disease.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21453,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Medical Journal","volume":"46 7","pages":"845-846"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12251497/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144592130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}