Saudi Journal of Medicine & Medical Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy of Pancreatic Masses: Failure Factors","authors":"S. Belabess, M. Salihoun, M. Acherki, N. Kabbaj","doi":"10.36348/sjm.2023.v08i07.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/sjm.2023.v08i07.007","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The main objective of this work is to determine the factors affecting the failure rate of pancreatic aspiration cytology, in particular the size, location, and nature of the mass as well as the size of the needle, the aspiration site, the number of passages, and realization of Fanning. Materials and methods: This is a retrospective study conducted in the EFD-HGE department at Ibn Sina Hospital in Rabat from March 2017 to May 2023. 138 patients with a solid or cystic pancreatic mass on imaging were included. A video-linear Pentax-type echoendoscope was used with needles of different gauges: 19G, 20G, 22G, and 25G. Statistical analysis was performed using R software and the level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: The sex ratio F/M was 1.35. The average age was 59 years old. The average tumor size was 40.5 mm. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) under ultrasound-endoscopy (EUS) was positive in 70% of cases: adenocarcinoma in 60% of cases, chronic pancreatitis in 9.33% of cases, neuroendocrine tumor in 8% of cases, solid and pseudo-papillary tumor of the pancreas in 4% of cases, mucinous cystadenoma with low-grade (LGD) in 1.33% of the cases, an intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) in 2.66% of the cases, pancreatic tuberculosis in 1.33% of the cases. Normal pancreatic parenchyma without signs of malignancy in 13.33% of the cases. The failure rate of pancreatic fine-needle aspiration was estimated at 30% of cases (inconclusive result). By univariate analysis, we demonstrated that the risk of having an inconclusive fine needle aspiration increases on the one hand by the location of the mass at the head of the pancreas (p = 0.02), the presence of a cystic component (p = 0.01), the infiltrating character of the mass (p = 0.01), and on the other hand by the absence of Fanning (p = 0.03). However, this study did not show a significant correlation with the other factors, in particular the size of the mass, the size of the needle, the site of fine-needle aspiration, and the number of passages. No complications were noted. Conclusion: The failure rate of fine-needle aspiration biopsy was 30%. We demonstrated that it increases by the location of the mass at the head of the pancreas (p = 0.02), the presence of a cystic component (p = 0.01), the infiltrating character of the mass (p = 0.01), and the absence of fanning. An additional study with a larger sample or a multicenter study seems necessary to confirm our results.","PeriodicalId":21442,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Medicine & Medical Sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73003851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of Anxiety Levels and Factors Affecting Anxiety in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation","authors":"Berna Dizer, H. Kara, E. Froelicher","doi":"10.36348/sjm.2023.v08i07.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/sjm.2023.v08i07.006","url":null,"abstract":"Background/aim: Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI) is an alternative treatment for patients with severe aortic stenosis who are considered high-risk for surgery. Determine the anxiety levels of patients, who will undergo TAVI surgery, and factors affecting anxiety in the pre- and postoperative period. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Sifa hospital in Izmir, Turkey between September 2014 and June 2015. Data were collected in the cardiology outpatient clinic for preoperative data, and in the coronary intensive care unit and cardiology outpatient clinic for postoperative data. The data were collected by interviewing patients who presented with aortic stenosis or aortic insufficiency and underwent TAVI surgery. Stress status of the patients before and after TAVI was measured with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Results: The mean age of 34 patients participating in the study was 78.21(±6.67), and 61.8 % of the patients were women. The mean state anxiety scores of all patients were 45.5(±12.1) before the surgery, 36.4(±10.6) after the surgery. The anxiety experienced before the operation was moderate to high; and after the operation was lower. Conclusion: The patients were experiencing moderate to high and levels of anxiety. The factors affecting the state anxiety scores in the preoperative period were the age of the patient and the presence of chronic diseases. The factors affecting the stress of the patients in the pre- and post-TAVI period were subjective fear felt due to the stressful situation in the preoperative period were found to be age and the presence of chronic disease.","PeriodicalId":21442,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Medicine & Medical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83803453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Atypical Clinical Presentation of Acute Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy","authors":"Raed Gasemaltayeb","doi":"10.36348/sjm.2023.v08i07.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/sjm.2023.v08i07.005","url":null,"abstract":"Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (AIDP), also known as Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS), is an autoimmune disease that is typically present as a progressive ascending weakness, with subtle or no sensory findings, and reduced or absent deep tendon reflexes. In this case report I am presenting a patient who presented with an atypical clinical feature of AIDP in the form of a descending rather than ascending weakness, highlighting the importance of considering AIDP as a potential diagnosis in such atypical presentations.","PeriodicalId":21442,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Medicine & Medical Sciences","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89366307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Musculoskeletal Problems among Third-Gender People in Dhaka","authors":"A. Q. Nazim, S. Kamal, Bishwajit Sarker, Mayesa Nujhat, M. Islam, S. Z. Shova, Iffat Ara Ela","doi":"10.36348/sjm.2023.v08i07.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/sjm.2023.v08i07.004","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The study aimed to identify the Musculoskeletal problem among the third-gender population in Dhaka. Objective: This study’s objective was to find out socio-demographic information, and Musculoskeletal problems among the third-gender population in Dhaka. Methodology: This study was performed in a cross-sectional study design. This study was conducted to determine the Musculoskeletal problem among the third-gender population. This study’s sample was collected through a convenience sampling procedure and a total sample of 62. The data was collected from the different areas across Dhaka. The data collection process was a questionnaire with a face-to-face interview. Data was analyzed with Microsoft Office, and Excel 2019 using the SPSS 25 version software program and test use of study chi- square test. Result: This study’s participant means and standard deviation of participant age where are Mean ±SD= 30.90±10.710; About (45%) third gender age 18-27 years; (32%) age 28-37 years; (12%) age 38-47 years; and 11% more than 47 years. 72.6% were male sex at birth and 27.4% were female sex at birth. Around (14.50%) of them live in rural areas, 4.80%) are semi-urban and (80.60%) are from urban areas. (53.2%) were experiencing pain in the different body parts. 21.2% neck pain, 15.2% shoulder pain, 6.1% elbow pain, 39.4% knee, and 39.4% hip pain. severity level was mild pain felt at 8.10%, moderate pain experienced at 27.40% and 17.70% suffered from severe pain. Conclusion: The database revealed a significant prevalence of musculoskeletal issues (53.2%), primarily affecting the hip and knee. To enhance accuracy, employing a standardized observation tool is recommended. Further research, including larger samples among the third gender in Bangladesh, is essential for robust decision-making and increased awareness.","PeriodicalId":21442,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Medicine & Medical Sciences","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76262239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primary Intestinal Lymphangiectasia Diagnosed by Capsule Endoscopy","authors":"M. Salihoun, Soumaya Merzouk, I. Serraj, M. Acharki, N. Kabbaj","doi":"10.36348/sjm.2023.v08i07.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/sjm.2023.v08i07.003","url":null,"abstract":"Primary intestinal lymphangiectasia (PIL) is a rare disorder in children and it is more exceptional in adults. PIL is caused by a diffuse or localized dilatation and/or rupture of intestinal lymphatic vessels in the mucosa, submucosa, or subserosa due to high pressure in lymphatic vessels. The diagnosis is made on clinical grounds with the support of small bowel biopsies. The following report present a case of intestinal lymphangiectasia revealed by capsule endoscopy examination. This work shows that standard EGD and colonoscopy may miss characteristic lesions of PIL, and capsule endoscopy (or enteroscopy) may be required for the diagnosis because lesions are typically located in distal duodenum/jejunoileum.","PeriodicalId":21442,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Medicine & Medical Sciences","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90889940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of Daily Utilization of Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets for Malaria Prevention in Pregnancy among Antenatal Care Recipients in Southern Nigeria","authors":"A. Ekanem, Mbuotidem Ibanga Akpan, Charity Nkemjika Onwe, Chioma Purity Ibe, Bright Chukwunonye Okey, Abel Samuel Paul, E. Akpanekpo","doi":"10.36348/sjm.2023.v08i07.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/sjm.2023.v08i07.002","url":null,"abstract":"Malaria remains a significant public health concern, particularly among pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa. Long Lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLINs) have been recognized as an effective preventive measure against malaria transmission. However, the utilization of LLINs among pregnant women remains suboptimal. This study aimed to assess the level of daily LLIN utilization and identify its predictors among pregnant women receiving antenatal care in a tertiary healthcare centre in Southern Nigeria. A cross-sectional study was conducted among antenatal recipients at the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital in Uyo, AkwaIbom State. A total of 323 respondents were recruited for the study. Data were collected using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of daily LLIN usage. One hundred and twenty seven (39.3%) of the respondents had ever slept inside a LLIN during the index pregnancy, while 22.6% reported daily usage. LLIN ownership was reported by 47.7% of the respondents, highlighting a discrepancy between ownership and consistent use. Predictors of daily LLIN usage included LLIN ownership (aOR 3.83, 95% CI 1.95-7.48), absence of discomfort during LLIN use (aOR 9.33,95%CI 4.32-20.17), non-use of other malaria preventive measures (aOR 3.7,95% CI 11.51-8.93) and presence of mosquitoes in home dwelling (aOR 3.56 95%CI 1.35-9.37). Health education campaigns should emphasize the benefits of daily LLIN usage during pregnancy. Policy interventions are warranted to increase LLIN distribution and availability to pregnant women through antenatal care clinics.","PeriodicalId":21442,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Medicine & Medical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85995216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Assessment of Venous Thrombolic Disease in Hospitalized Advanced HIV Patients in a Resource-Limited Setting","authors":"Sylvano Tshingudi Tshingudi","doi":"10.36348/sjm.2023.v08i07.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/sjm.2023.v08i07.001","url":null,"abstract":"HIV infection is known to be a factor associated with cardiovascular disease. The objective of this work is to draw the attention of clinicians working in a resource-limited environment to the risk run by these patients in hospitalization in order to be able to prevent and ensure early and adequate management allowing the reduction of thrombotic risk andits complications. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study from January 2022 to May 2023, all patients hospitalized for advanced HIV disease were assessed by the Padua score supported by the D-dimer test. The data was collected in strict confidentiality. Out of a total of 400 hospitalized patients 40 were identified as being at being at risk of developing venous thromboembolic disease (VTE). The average age was 33, 6 years, 28 patients were female (70%).Coma (37,5%) and dyspnea(30%) were the main reasons for consultation. Cellular immunosuppression was severe (CD4∠200 mm3) in 95% of patients disseminated tuberculosis(50%), pneumocystosis carini pneumonia(25%), sepsis(12,5%), neuromeningeal cryptococcosis(7,5%) and Kaposi’s sarcoma (5%) were the main associated opportunistic conditions. 28(70%) patients were naïve to antiretrovirals and 12(30%) had been on retroviral treatment for six months. 12(30%) patients died, 8(20%) patients progressed well, and 20(50%) were lost sight of for lack financed mean.","PeriodicalId":21442,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Medicine & Medical Sciences","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75129624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wernicke Encephalopathy: An Updated Narrative Review.","authors":"Elmukhtar Habas,&nbsp;Kalifa Farfar,&nbsp;Nada Errayes,&nbsp;Amnna Rayani,&nbsp;Abdel-Naser Elzouki","doi":"10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_416_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_416_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) and Korsakoff Syndrome (KS) are distinct neurological disorders that may have overlapping clinical features. Due to the overlap, they are collectively known as Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. WE is related to diencephalic and mesencephalic dysfunction due to thiamine. WE typically manifests as confusion, ophthalmoplegia, nystagmus, and gait ataxia (Wernicke's triad), although they may not consistently occur together. Although WE mostly occurs in alcoholics, other etiologies, such as post-bariatric surgery, must be considered. Early diagnosis and therapy by intravenous thiamine are essential to prevent WE complications and to reduce morbidity and mortality. Therefore, physicians' and patients' awareness of WE is essential for early diagnosis and therapy. Accordingly, this narrative review aimed to provide an update on WE by reviewing articles published between April 2015 to April 2022 about the etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and WE management updates. EMBASE, PubMed, Google Scholar, Google, and Scopus search engines were used to conduct the literature search.</p>","PeriodicalId":21442,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Medicine & Medical Sciences","volume":"11 3","pages":"193-200"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/3e/71/SJMMS-11-193.PMC10393093.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9929850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Risk Factors of Dry Eye Disease among Adults in Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Halah Bin Helayel,&nbsp;Halla A Al Abdulhadi,&nbsp;Aysha Aloqab,&nbsp;Arwa M Althubaity,&nbsp;Mujtaba A Aljumah,&nbsp;Muhammad Haris Mazhar,&nbsp;Ahmed Al Habash,&nbsp;Mohanna Aljindan,&nbsp;Khalid Alarfaj","doi":"10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_251_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_251_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Environmental and epidemiological factors increase the risk of dry eye in Saudi Arabia, but most studies have limited generalizability.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the prevalence of dry eye disease (DED) among adults across Saudi Arabia and the associated risk factors. The secondary objective was to estimate the economic burden of DED by calculating lubricant usage and its annual costs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study invited adults from across Saudi Arabia to complete a questionnaire that collected data regarding demographics, symptoms related to DED, previous diagnosis of DED, use of contact lenses, and use of eye lubricants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 2042 responses were received, of which 784 (38.4%) respondents had previously been diagnosed with DED and 752 (36.8%) were symptomatic but undiagnosed. Between the DED diagnosed and symptomatic-undiagnosed groups, a significant difference was found in terms of age (<i>P</i> < 0.001), gender (<i>P</i> = 0.002), presence of diabetes mellitus (<i>P</i> = 0.004), smoking status (<i>P</i> = 0.007), duration of electronic screen use (<i>P</i> = 0.05), number of ocular complaints (<i>P</i> < 0.001), and frequency of lubricants use (<i>P</i> < 0.001). Between the DED-diagnosed and non-DED groups, significant differences were found in terms of age (<i>P</i> < 0.001), gender (<i>P</i> < 0.001), presence of diabetes mellitus (<i>P</i> = 0.001), allergy (<i>P</i> = 0.001), autoimmune disease (<i>P</i> = 0.005), smoking status (<i>P</i> < 0.001), and history of refractive surgery (<i>P</i> < 0.001). The mean estimated annual cost of using lubricating agents was SAR 328.2 ± 210.3 (USD 87.5 ± 56.1), and this was significantly higher in the diagnosed group (<i>P</i> = 0.01) than the symptomatic-undiagnosed group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The prevalence of DED is high among adults in Saudi Arabia. High-risk population include elderly, female, and using electronic screens for >2 hours/day.</p>","PeriodicalId":21442,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Medicine & Medical Sciences","volume":"11 3","pages":"242-249"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/79/f7/SJMMS-11-242.PMC10393092.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9935860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Low-level Laser Versus High-intensity Laser Therapy in the Management of Adhesive Capsulitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial.","authors":"Banu Ordahan,&nbsp;Fatih Yigit,&nbsp;Cevriye Mülkoglu","doi":"10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_626_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_626_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and high-intensity laser therapy (HILT) are effective in alleviating pain and improving functionality in patients with adhesive capsulitis (AC); however, no study has compared the efficacy of these two laser treatments.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare the effectiveness of LLLT and HILT in improving the shoulder joint range of motion and functional status and in reducing pain level in patients with AC.</p><p><strong>Trial design: </strong>Prospective, randomized, parallel group, patient- and assessor-blinded.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 45 patients (aged: 18-65 years) with complaint of shoulder pain were evaluated for inclusion criteria, which included being aged 18-65 years and a diagnosis of AC based on physical examinations. Using computer-generated random numbers, eligible patients were randomized into two groups: HILT + stretching exercise and LLLT + stretching exercise groups. Both HILT and LLLT were performed three times/week for 3 weeks. Functional status and pain of the patients were evaluated with Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS), while shoulder joint range of motion was measured with goniometry. All assessments were done before and 3 weeks after treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 40 patients (20 in each group) completed the study. At baseline, there was no statistically significant difference in the demographic and clinical characteristics between both groups. Both the LLLT and HILT groups showed significant improvement in the VAS and SPADI scores 3 weeks after treatment; however, the improvement was significantly higher in the HILT group than the LLLT group. There was no significant improvement in goniometric scores in both groups compared with baseline. No injury or other musculoskeletal complications were recorded during or after the treatments.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HILT + stretching exercise treatment was more effective than LLLT + stretching exercise for improving functional parameters and pain in patients with AC.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05469672.</p><p><strong>Funding: </strong>None.</p>","PeriodicalId":21442,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Medicine & Medical Sciences","volume":"11 3","pages":"201-207"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e5/d3/SJMMS-11-201.PMC10393096.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9935862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}