Saudi Journal of Medicine & Medical Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Risk Assessment of Venous Thrombolic Disease in Hospitalized Advanced HIV Patients in a Resource-Limited Setting","authors":"Sylvano Tshingudi Tshingudi","doi":"10.36348/sjm.2023.v08i07.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/sjm.2023.v08i07.001","url":null,"abstract":"HIV infection is known to be a factor associated with cardiovascular disease. The objective of this work is to draw the attention of clinicians working in a resource-limited environment to the risk run by these patients in hospitalization in order to be able to prevent and ensure early and adequate management allowing the reduction of thrombotic risk andits complications. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study from January 2022 to May 2023, all patients hospitalized for advanced HIV disease were assessed by the Padua score supported by the D-dimer test. The data was collected in strict confidentiality. Out of a total of 400 hospitalized patients 40 were identified as being at being at risk of developing venous thromboembolic disease (VTE). The average age was 33, 6 years, 28 patients were female (70%).Coma (37,5%) and dyspnea(30%) were the main reasons for consultation. Cellular immunosuppression was severe (CD4∠200 mm3) in 95% of patients disseminated tuberculosis(50%), pneumocystosis carini pneumonia(25%), sepsis(12,5%), neuromeningeal cryptococcosis(7,5%) and Kaposi’s sarcoma (5%) were the main associated opportunistic conditions. 28(70%) patients were naïve to antiretrovirals and 12(30%) had been on retroviral treatment for six months. 12(30%) patients died, 8(20%) patients progressed well, and 20(50%) were lost sight of for lack financed mean.","PeriodicalId":21442,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Medicine & Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75129624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wernicke Encephalopathy: An Updated Narrative Review.","authors":"Elmukhtar Habas,&nbsp;Kalifa Farfar,&nbsp;Nada Errayes,&nbsp;Amnna Rayani,&nbsp;Abdel-Naser Elzouki","doi":"10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_416_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_416_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) and Korsakoff Syndrome (KS) are distinct neurological disorders that may have overlapping clinical features. Due to the overlap, they are collectively known as Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. WE is related to diencephalic and mesencephalic dysfunction due to thiamine. WE typically manifests as confusion, ophthalmoplegia, nystagmus, and gait ataxia (Wernicke's triad), although they may not consistently occur together. Although WE mostly occurs in alcoholics, other etiologies, such as post-bariatric surgery, must be considered. Early diagnosis and therapy by intravenous thiamine are essential to prevent WE complications and to reduce morbidity and mortality. Therefore, physicians' and patients' awareness of WE is essential for early diagnosis and therapy. Accordingly, this narrative review aimed to provide an update on WE by reviewing articles published between April 2015 to April 2022 about the etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and WE management updates. EMBASE, PubMed, Google Scholar, Google, and Scopus search engines were used to conduct the literature search.</p>","PeriodicalId":21442,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Medicine & Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/3e/71/SJMMS-11-193.PMC10393093.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9929850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Risk Factors of Dry Eye Disease among Adults in Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Halah Bin Helayel,&nbsp;Halla A Al Abdulhadi,&nbsp;Aysha Aloqab,&nbsp;Arwa M Althubaity,&nbsp;Mujtaba A Aljumah,&nbsp;Muhammad Haris Mazhar,&nbsp;Ahmed Al Habash,&nbsp;Mohanna Aljindan,&nbsp;Khalid Alarfaj","doi":"10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_251_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_251_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Environmental and epidemiological factors increase the risk of dry eye in Saudi Arabia, but most studies have limited generalizability.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the prevalence of dry eye disease (DED) among adults across Saudi Arabia and the associated risk factors. The secondary objective was to estimate the economic burden of DED by calculating lubricant usage and its annual costs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study invited adults from across Saudi Arabia to complete a questionnaire that collected data regarding demographics, symptoms related to DED, previous diagnosis of DED, use of contact lenses, and use of eye lubricants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 2042 responses were received, of which 784 (38.4%) respondents had previously been diagnosed with DED and 752 (36.8%) were symptomatic but undiagnosed. Between the DED diagnosed and symptomatic-undiagnosed groups, a significant difference was found in terms of age (<i>P</i> < 0.001), gender (<i>P</i> = 0.002), presence of diabetes mellitus (<i>P</i> = 0.004), smoking status (<i>P</i> = 0.007), duration of electronic screen use (<i>P</i> = 0.05), number of ocular complaints (<i>P</i> < 0.001), and frequency of lubricants use (<i>P</i> < 0.001). Between the DED-diagnosed and non-DED groups, significant differences were found in terms of age (<i>P</i> < 0.001), gender (<i>P</i> < 0.001), presence of diabetes mellitus (<i>P</i> = 0.001), allergy (<i>P</i> = 0.001), autoimmune disease (<i>P</i> = 0.005), smoking status (<i>P</i> < 0.001), and history of refractive surgery (<i>P</i> < 0.001). The mean estimated annual cost of using lubricating agents was SAR 328.2 ± 210.3 (USD 87.5 ± 56.1), and this was significantly higher in the diagnosed group (<i>P</i> = 0.01) than the symptomatic-undiagnosed group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The prevalence of DED is high among adults in Saudi Arabia. High-risk population include elderly, female, and using electronic screens for >2 hours/day.</p>","PeriodicalId":21442,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Medicine & Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/79/f7/SJMMS-11-242.PMC10393092.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9935860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Low-level Laser Versus High-intensity Laser Therapy in the Management of Adhesive Capsulitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial.","authors":"Banu Ordahan,&nbsp;Fatih Yigit,&nbsp;Cevriye Mülkoglu","doi":"10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_626_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_626_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and high-intensity laser therapy (HILT) are effective in alleviating pain and improving functionality in patients with adhesive capsulitis (AC); however, no study has compared the efficacy of these two laser treatments.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare the effectiveness of LLLT and HILT in improving the shoulder joint range of motion and functional status and in reducing pain level in patients with AC.</p><p><strong>Trial design: </strong>Prospective, randomized, parallel group, patient- and assessor-blinded.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 45 patients (aged: 18-65 years) with complaint of shoulder pain were evaluated for inclusion criteria, which included being aged 18-65 years and a diagnosis of AC based on physical examinations. Using computer-generated random numbers, eligible patients were randomized into two groups: HILT + stretching exercise and LLLT + stretching exercise groups. Both HILT and LLLT were performed three times/week for 3 weeks. Functional status and pain of the patients were evaluated with Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS), while shoulder joint range of motion was measured with goniometry. All assessments were done before and 3 weeks after treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 40 patients (20 in each group) completed the study. At baseline, there was no statistically significant difference in the demographic and clinical characteristics between both groups. Both the LLLT and HILT groups showed significant improvement in the VAS and SPADI scores 3 weeks after treatment; however, the improvement was significantly higher in the HILT group than the LLLT group. There was no significant improvement in goniometric scores in both groups compared with baseline. No injury or other musculoskeletal complications were recorded during or after the treatments.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HILT + stretching exercise treatment was more effective than LLLT + stretching exercise for improving functional parameters and pain in patients with AC.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05469672.</p><p><strong>Funding: </strong>None.</p>","PeriodicalId":21442,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Medicine & Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e5/d3/SJMMS-11-201.PMC10393096.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9935862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and Detection of Drug-Resistant Bacterial Pathogens in Postoperative Wound Infections at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Hamdi M Al-Said,&nbsp;Ahmed Alghamdi,&nbsp;Sami S Ashgar,&nbsp;Naif A Jalal,&nbsp;Hani S Faidah,&nbsp;Ayman K Johargy,&nbsp;Aiman M Momenah,&nbsp;Abeer A Barhameen,&nbsp;Sumyya H Hariri,&nbsp;Farkad Bantun,&nbsp;Essa Althobiany,&nbsp;Elshiekh B Khidir","doi":"10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_405_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_405_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Surgical site infections (SSIs), especially when caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, are a major healthcare concern worldwide. For optimal treatment and prevention of antimicrobial resistance, it is important for clinicians to be aware of local drug-resistant bacterial pathogens that cause SSIs.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the frequency patterns of drug-resistant bacterial strains causing SSIs at a tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study was conducted at the Microbiology laboratory of Al-Noor Specialist Hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia, and included wound swab samples from all cases of SSI between January 01, 2017, and December 31, 2021. The swabs were processed for the identification of bacterial strains and their resistance pattern to antibiotics according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 5409 wound swabs were analyzed, of which 3604 samples (66.6%) were from male. Most samples were from the Department of Surgery (43.3%). A total of 14 bacterial strains were isolated, of which 9 were Gram-negative bacteria. The most common isolates were <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, followed by <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>, methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE), and vancomycin-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> (VRSA). In terms of MDR in 2021, the highest rate of carbapenem-resistance was in <i>A. baumannii</i> (97%). MDR was as follows: <i>A. baumannii</i>, 97%; <i>K. pneumoniae</i>, 81%; <i>E. coli</i>, 71%; MRSA, 60%; <i>P. aeruginosa</i>, 33%; VRE, 22%; and VRSA, 2%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study showed that in the city of Makkah, Saudi Arabia, the rates of MDR bacteria are high, with the majority being Gram-negative.</p>","PeriodicalId":21442,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Medicine & Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/88/65/SJMMS-11-229.PMC10393095.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9929853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of Caries Risk among Egyptian Children Attending Pediatric Dental Clinics at a University Hospital.","authors":"Rabaa Mahmoud Aboubakr,&nbsp;Doaa Mohsen Alkhadragy,&nbsp;Mai Monuir El Said Okda,&nbsp;Hadeer Wael Mohamed Rady,&nbsp;Rasha Mokhtar Elnagar","doi":"10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_128_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_128_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dental caries is the most prevalent dental disease. The external validity of the available caries risk assessment (CRA) tools is not established, especially among pediatric population.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess caries risk using the caries management by risk assessment (CAMBRA) protocol among Egyptian children aged 3-12 years and suggest variables that could potentially be used to develop a simpler CRA model.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>For this cross-sectional study, we recruited 320 children aged 3 to <6 years (Group I) and 320 children aged 6-12 years (Group II). CAMBRA was used to collect data about disease indicators, biological and environmental factors, and protective factors among study participants. Each child was examined clinically to collect data about past caries experiences and to measure plaque scores.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The risk of caries was high in 92.5% of Group I and 83.4% of Group II participants. The overall dmft was 5.71 ± 3.18 for Group I and 4.78 ± 2.53 for Group II. In Group I, a significant positive relation was found between the overall mean caries risk score and past caries experience (dmft; <i>r</i> = 0.344, <i>P</i> < 0.001) and mean plaque index (<i>r</i> = 0.463, <i>P</i> < 0.001). In Group II, a significant positive relation was found between the overall mean caries risk score and dmft score (<i>r</i> = 0.511, <i>P</i> < 0.001), <i>S. mutans</i> count (<i>r</i> = 234, <i>P</i> < 0.001), <i>Lactobacilli</i> count (<i>r</i> = 0.316, <i>P</i> < 0.001), and plaque index (<i>r</i> = 0.463, <i>P</i> < 0.001). Participants' age, parents' education, and parents' occupation had a negative significant effect on the overall mean caries risk score.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study suggests predictors that can be used in the development of a new CRA model for children aged 3-12 years.</p>","PeriodicalId":21442,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Medicine & Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/18/ef/SJMMS-11-219.PMC10393090.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9929854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation between Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Metabolic Syndrome: A Retrospective Study.","authors":"Salhah Saleh Alsulami,&nbsp;Mukhtiar Baig,&nbsp;Atheer Hameed Albeladi,&nbsp;Shahad Bandar Alyoubi,&nbsp;Shahad Alhumaidi Alsubaie,&nbsp;Samah Abdulsalam Albeladi,&nbsp;Kholoud Alawi Ghamri,&nbsp;Abeer Mohammed Saeed Alraiqi,&nbsp;Safa Mobarak Alyoubi,&nbsp;Wesam Aied Almutairi","doi":"10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_225_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_225_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Several studies worldwide have studied the correlation between subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH), and metabolic syndrome (MetS), but have reported inconsistent findings.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess the correlation between SCH and MetS in a population from Saudi Arabia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study was conducted at King Abdulaziz University Hospital and analyzed all thyroid function tests conducted between January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2021. A predesigned checklist was used to collect data about patients' characteristics such as age, gender, nationality, TSH, FT4 level, and MetS components.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 41,519 thyroid function tests were conducted during the study period. From this, 1303 (3.1%) patients were found to have SCH, with the majority being females (74.4%). The prevalence did not differ according to gender but increased to 3.5% among those aged >60 years. MetS components between mildly and markedly elevated TSH were significant for total cholesterol (P < 0.001) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P < 0.05). Male patients with SCH were at a higher risk of developing diabetes (P < 0.001) and hypertension (P < 0.02), than female patients with SCH. After adjusting for age, in the multiple stepwise linear regression analysis, a significant association was found between TSH levels and ALT (odds ratio: 0.77) and SBP (odds ratio: 0.35).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study demonstrated that the prevalence of SCH is similar between both genders but increases with age. MetS components were abnormal in patients aged >50 years and in males with SCH. SCH and MetS components were found to be correlated, and thus monitoring these variables in patients with SCH is advisable.</p>","PeriodicalId":21442,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Medicine & Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c9/2e/SJMMS-11-250.PMC10393097.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9929852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathologic Profile of Hysterectomy Cases in Saudi Arabia: A Tertiary Center Experience.","authors":"Nourah Hasan Alqahtani,&nbsp;Methal I Albayat,&nbsp;Yara A Al Nashwan,&nbsp;Areej Manssour Alnemer","doi":"10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_438_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_438_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hysterectomies are increasingly being replaced by more conservative management modalities and are now only used for limited clinical indications. The agreement between these indications and the final pathology is understudied.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to correlate the preoperative clinical diagnoses with the pathological findings detected in hysterectomies in Saudi women of different age groups.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This retrospective study analyzed the preoperative clinical indications and the subsequent clinical and pathological data of all hysterectomies conducted at a single tertiary care hospital in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia between January 2010 and December 2021.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was no decline in the frequency of hysterectomies across the study period. Abnormal uterine bleeding was the most common clinical indication across all age groups, followed by symptomatic fibroid and uterine prolapse in women aged <50 and ≥50 years, respectively. A total of 9.2% of the cases were indicated for therapeutic reasons, either as an emergency procedure for peripartum hemorrhage or for suspected uterine premalignant and malignant lesions. Besides these, 41.2% of patients had more than one pathology, with the most common combination being leiomyoma and adenomyosis (43.4%). The difference in age between malignant and benign cases (52.3 vs. 48.8 years, respectively) was not statistically significant (<i>P</i> = 0.109).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Most of our cohort had benign lesions. Perceptible misuse of the procedure in this cohort was unlikely, as a large proportion of the patients had more than one pathology corresponding to each clinical indication.</p>","PeriodicalId":21442,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Medicine & Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/19/27/SJMMS-11-257.PMC10393089.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9923882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parents' Knowledge and Perception of Child Abuse and Neglect in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Zaenb Alsalman,&nbsp;Jamela Turkistani,&nbsp;Abdullah Bohamad,&nbsp;Abdullah Alkhalaf,&nbsp;Mohammed Almukhtar,&nbsp;Reda Alkhalaf,&nbsp;Basem Alkhalaf","doi":"10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_125_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_125_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Child maltreatment is a crucial issue worldwide that has negative consequences for children and their families. Inability to distinguish between traditional corporal punishment and abuse is part of the problem.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess parents' knowledge and perception of child maltreatment and investigate the factors that influence their awareness.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study recruited parents with at least one child aged <18 years. Data were collected using a self-administrated online questionnaire. Participants were categorized into two groups based on the median knowledge score.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 447 participants completed the questionnaire, of which 62% were female and the average age was 37 years. Almost two-thirds of the respondents (60.6%) consider child abuse and neglect (CAN) to be a common problem in Saudi Arabia. Only 53% had good knowledge of CAN, and more than one-third were unaware of the hotline number available to report any CAN. Almost half of the participants did not consider refusing childhood immunization or smoking in front of children to be a form of CAN. Logistic regression showed that higher education and family income levels were significantly associated with good knowledge (<i>P</i> = 0.013 and 0.003, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While most parents consider CAN to be a common problem in Saudi Arabia, they do not have adequate knowledge of what constitutes emotional abuse and neglect. These findings highlight the need for community-based education programs to increase parents and caregivers' awareness of child rights.</p>","PeriodicalId":21442,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Medicine & Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/bc/93/SJMMS-11-235.PMC10393094.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9923880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence, Microbiological Profile, and Risk Factors of Surgical Site Infections in Saudi Patients with Colorectal Cancer.","authors":"Marwh Gassim Aldriwesh,&nbsp;Abrar Alnodley,&nbsp;Norah Almutairi,&nbsp;Mohammed Algarni,&nbsp;Ayyob Alqarni,&nbsp;Bayan Albdah,&nbsp;Mutaib Mashraqi","doi":"10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_3_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_3_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Resection surgery in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) patients is associated with potential complications, including surgical site infection (SSI).</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To estimate the prevalence rate of SSI, identify the common pathogens responsible for SSI, and determine potential risk factors for SSI development in a cohort from Saudi Arabia.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Patients with CRC who underwent bowel resection surgery at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, between January 01, 2016, and December 31, 2019, were retrospectively included. Demographics, comorbidities, surgical procedure data, and the results of preoperative laboratory tests were retrospectively collected from medical records through the health information system. The study population was divided into two groups: those who developed SSI and those who did not.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 92 patients with CRC who underwent resection surgery were included, of which 54 (58.7%) were males. The median age was 65 (IQR 55.5-75.0) years. SSI was observed in 25 (27.2%) patients. The most frequently isolated organisms were <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, followed by <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, vancomycin-sensitive <i>Enterococcus faecium</i>, and methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. Three <i>E. coli</i> isolates were producers of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, and two <i>K. pneumoniae</i> isolates exhibited a multidrug resistance profile. Low preoperative serum albumin level was identified as a significant independent risk factor for developing SSI (AOR = 0.853, 95% CI = 0.748-0.973, <i>P</i> = 0.0181).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study found a notable prevalence of SSI among the included patients. Gram-negative bacteria were more involved in SSI events and were also associated with drug-resistance patterns. Gut microbiota bacteria were most commonly involved in SSIs. Low preoperative serum albumin levels predicted the development of postoperative SSI, and thus its close monitoring and management before surgery could reduce the SSIs.</p>","PeriodicalId":21442,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Medicine & Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/19/c7/SJMMS-11-208.PMC10393088.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9929849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}