Scandinavian journal of psychology最新文献

{"title":"Supporting a mentally healthy place of study: Examining the relationship between mental well-being, stress, and protective factors among university students.","authors":"Michelle Turner, Sarah Holdsworth","doi":"10.1111/sjop.13027","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sjop.13027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Students can expect to experience stressors associated with their studies that can have detrimental effects on their mental well-being if not properly managed. Drawing on a positive psychology paradigm, protective factors can help students to counter study-related stressors and contribute to their mental well-being and academic success. The relationship between protective factors, such as maintaining perspective and building networks, with stress severity and positive mental well-being was examined in a sample of Australian university students undertaking postgraduate coursework.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Students completed a survey measuring stress from the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS), positive mental well-being from the Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (SWEMWBS), and seven protective factors from the Resilience at University (RAU) scale. Bivariate correlations were calculated for the RAU protective factors with stress and mental well-being. ANOVA examined the RAU protective factors in relation to mental well-being and stress severity groupings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All seven protective factors had a positive and significant relationship with positive mental well-being, and six of the seven protective factors had a negative and significant relationship with stress. A statistically significant difference was found for six of the seven RAU protective factors according to mental well-being group, and three of the seven RAU protective factors group according to stress severity group. A linear effect emerged between level of protective factor and mental well-being group, with participants in the high well-being group having the highest level of protective factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Universities should focus on the development of protective factors to support students' well-being and help them to flourish in their studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":"816-826"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140865851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What characterizes a well-functioning person? Perspectives from Scandinavian laypeople and mental health professionals.","authors":"Lennart Kiel, Majse Lind, Helle Spindler","doi":"10.1111/sjop.13041","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sjop.13041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Functioning describes how well a person handles life, but the constituents of functioning and its measurement remain subjects of debate among researchers. However, approaches investigating how the concept of functioning is understood among laypeople and practitioners have received less attention. The present study uses a bottom-up approach to explore the concept of functioning among laypeople and mental health professionals in a Scandinavian context. Participants were asked to describe a person doing well in life and a person not doing well in life, resulting in a total of 2,345 statements from 128 laypeople and 78 mental health professionals. Initially, statements were rated according to the meta-concepts of Agency and Communion. This analysis revealed a dominant prevalence of Agency across groups, with laypeople demonstrating a heightened emphasis on Agency when characterizing an individual not doing well in life, suggesting an intensified focus on personal responsibility and achievement when describing dysfunction. Next, an independent semantic domain analysis was used to elucidate and identify distinctive features of functioning within the statements. This revealed a shared conceptualization of functioning among both laypeople and mental health professionals based on three main domains: (1) thriving; (2) daily activities and social roles; and (3) personality features. The findings underscore the importance of considering subjective experiences of thriving, efficacy in managing daily tasks and roles, and personality traits in attaining a comprehensive understanding of functioning levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":"937-946"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141284675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bodies in action: Do contractive and expansive postures facilitate adaptive behavior?","authors":"Mai B Mikkelsen, Gitte Tramm, Johannes Michalak, Douglas S Mennin, Emma Elkjær, Mia S O'Toole","doi":"10.1111/sjop.13046","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sjop.13046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study investigated the effects of expansive and contractive body displays on adaptive behavior and affective outcomes. Addressing limitations in past research, the effects were investigated in two different contexts (i.e., fear context and sadness context), compared with two types of control conditions and the moderating effects of motivational traits and symptoms of psychopathology were accounted for. A sample of 186 adults completed a fear experiment involving a mock job interview and a sadness experiment involving sad mood induction. For each experiment, participants were randomly assigned to one of four body manipulations: (1) expansive; (2) contractive; (3) active control (i.e., running in place); or 4) passive control (i.e., doing nothing). The primary outcome was adaptive behavior (i.e., appropriate job-interview behavior and positive recall bias). Secondary affective outcomes were emotions, action tendencies, and appraisals. Results revealed small, non-significant effects of body displays on primary outcomes (ds = 0.19-0.28). For secondary outcomes, significant effects were identified for positive emotions (ds = 0.33). Across secondary outcomes, pairwise comparisons revealed that expansive displays led to more favorable outcomes than contractive displays. For participants with the highest levels of depression, body display conditions led to less favorable affective outcomes than control conditions. The results suggest that body displays do not influence adaptive behavior within the investigated contexts. When compared to contractive displays, expansive displays were found to yield more favorable affective changes. Lastly, the findings indicate that further investigations into body manipulations in the context of psychopathology are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":"966-979"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141321520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A nationally representative survey of ICD-11 PTSD among Danish adolescents and young adults aged 15-29.","authors":"Sidsel Karsberg, Ask Elklit, Michael Mulbjerg Pedersen, Mads U Pedersen, Maria L Vang","doi":"10.1111/sjop.13032","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sjop.13032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is recognized as a debilitating psychiatric disorder affecting populations worldwide. This has inspired many countries to estimate the national prevalence rates of PTSD in Europe and beyond. At present, there are no published representative studies that have assessed the occurrence of trauma exposure and PTSD in Denmark using a valid measurement based on ICD-11 criteria. A national sample of the general population of young Danish residents, ranging in age between 15 to 29 years (n = 2,434), was surveyed cross-sectionally from April to October 2022. Data weights were applied to ensure representativity of the sample. Multiple regression was used to study the relationship between trauma exposure, sex, age, and PTSD. Accidents and violence were the most common types of trauma exposure with females being more likely to experience sexual violence. A total of 7.7% endorsed probable PTSD with women reporting higher rates of clinical and subclinical PTSD (12.3% and 12.7%, respectively) than men (3.5% and 7.3%, respectively). Findings from the multiple regression showed that female gender was associated with higher PTSD-severity, although the strongest predictor was trauma-type with other types of traumas, and sexual violence displaying the strongest relationship to PTSD-severity overall. A dose-response relationship between the number of trauma types and PTSD symptomatology was found. This is the first study of PTSD in a nationally representative Danish sample using a valid measure of ICD-11 PTSD. The identified PTSD rates were higher than Danish official estimates in a representative sample of the Danish adolescent and young adult population (7.7% weighted compared to 1%). The study replicated international findings of sex differences in probable PTSD endorsement.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":"893-900"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141176303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural empowerment, personal initiative, and job satisfaction in service employees: Exploring the mediating role of psychological empowerment.","authors":"Alejandro Orgambídez, Miryam Benítez, Jose M León-Pérez, Francisco J Cantero-Sánchez","doi":"10.1111/sjop.13040","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sjop.13040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study explores how empowering human resource management (HRM) practices based on structural empowerment (access to opportunities, resources, support, and information) affect both personal initiative and job satisfaction of service employees through individual-level factors (psychological empowerment).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional survey study and collected 439 valid responses from service employees in Spain. The hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling (SEM) with confidence intervals based on 10,000 resamples (i.e., bootstrapping technique).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results showed that psychological empowerment partially mediated the relationship between structural empowerment and job satisfaction. It also fully mediated the relationship between structural empowerment and personal initiative at work.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings emphasize the importance of HRM practices that can empower employees as key determinants of job satisfaction and personal initiative at service companies. Furthermore, a structural empowerment approach is a valid theoretical framework for studying and understanding employees' affective evaluations of work and, more specifically, their personal initiative.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":"911-918"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141186938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Finnish district judges' assessments of live versus video-mediated party statements in court.","authors":"Jonas Wilkman, Jan Antfolk, Julia Korkman","doi":"10.1111/sjop.13024","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sjop.13024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increase in remote hearings after the COVID-19 pandemic presents an urgent need to examine how judges assess video-mediated witness and party statements compared with live statements. There is currently a limited body of research on this subject. As for the assessment itself, professionals within the judicial system sometimes believe they can detect deception based on visible cues such as body language and emotional expression. Research has, however, shown that lies cannot be detected based on such cues. The Finnish Supreme Court has also given rulings in accordance with the scientific literature. In this study, we used a survey to investigate how much importance a Finnish sample of district judges (N = 47) gave to several variables pertaining to the statement or the statement giver, such as body language and emotional expression. We also investigated the association between the judges' beliefs about the relevance of body language and emotional expression and their preference for live statements or statements via videoconference. The judges reported giving more importance to body language and emotional expression than legal psychology research and Finnish Supreme Court rulings would call for. Our results also indicated that there was a slight bias to assess live statements more favorably than statements given via videoconference, as well as a slight bias in favor of the injured party. More effort must be put into making judges and Supreme Courts aware of findings in legal psychology to avoid biases based on intuitive reasoning where it is contrary to scientific evidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":"827-845"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140909219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An exploratory study of stressors, mental health, insomnia, and pain in cisgender girls, cisgender boys, and transgender and gender diverse (TGD) youth.","authors":"Matilda Wurm, Jens Högström, Maria Tillfors, Miriam Lindståhl, Annika Norell","doi":"10.1111/sjop.13029","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sjop.13029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) youth experience more stressors and are therefore at a higher risk of health problems compared with their cisgender peers. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of TGD youth in a general population sample and to explore a wide variety of health-related factors. We investigate differences in stressors and health outcomes between TGD youth and cisgender girls and boys and the influence of stressors and demographic factors on health outcome in the whole group.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cross-sectional survey data from a Swedish school-based study were used (N = 3,067, M = 17.8 years). Those who had reported their gender identity as \"other\" or other than their assigned gender (N = 41) were compared with cisgendered girls (n = 1,544) and boys (n = 1,482). Regression models in the whole group explored if demographics and stressors statistically predicted health outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In comparison with cisgender girls and boys, TGD youth (1.3% of the whole sample) reported a higher prevalence of self-harm and pain problems. Both TGD youth and cisgender girls more frequently reported insomnia, social anxiety, depressive symptoms, pain, and stressors compared with cisgender boys. When only demographic variables were entered, but not when stressors were added to the model, being TGD magnified the odds of depressive symptoms, sub-diagnostic social anxiety, and pain problems. Stressors magnified the odds of reporting health problems for the whole group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TGD youth generally reported more stressors, which negatively influence health outcomes. Results are important for professionals who meet TGD youth.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":"884-892"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141158161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Core self‐evaluations and perceived classmate support: Independent predictors of psychological adjustment","authors":"Carolina Yudes, María Teresa Chamizo‐Nieto, María Angeles Peláez‐Fernández, Natalio Extremera","doi":"10.1111/sjop.13072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.13072","url":null,"abstract":"IntroductionThe main aim of this research was to explore the contribution of both core self‐evaluations (CSE) and classmate support as unique predictors of positive and negative psychological adjustment among adolescents.MethodsIn a cross‐sectional study, 2,293 Spanish adolescents (<jats:italic>M</jats:italic><jats:sub>age</jats:sub> = 14.07) completed the Core Self‐Evaluations Scale, the Classmate Support subscale, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales and the Frequency of Suicidal Ideation Inventory. Pearson correlations among assessed variables were examined, and three hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to examine the predictive role of CSE and classmate support on life satisfaction, depressive symptomatology, and suicidal ideation.ResultsBoth CSE and classmate support were positively related to life satisfaction and negatively related to depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation. Hierarchical regression analyses identified CSE and classmate support as independent predictors of both positive and negative psychological outcomes in this sample. These results indicated support for a comprehensive model involving CSE and classmate support as additive predictors of both positive and negative outcomes among adolescents.ConclusionThese findings underscore the unique and additive role of both individual (i.e., CSE) and, to a lower degree, social factors (i.e., classmate support) to augment the prediction model of positive and negative psychological adjustment among adolescents. Practical implications are discussed, focusing on preventive programs that include strategies to increase positive self‐appraisals and create a supportive classroom climate.","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142260302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interpretability and clinical utility of the strength and stressors in parenting questionnaire","authors":"Sara Burge, Anna Eva Hallin, Carmela Miniscalco, Anders Sand, Sofia Strömbergsson","doi":"10.1111/sjop.13073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.13073","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to enhance the interpretability and clinical utility of the strength and stressors in parenting (SSF) questionnaire, a parent‐reported questionnaire designed to assess strength, stress and associated risks of mental ill‐health in parents of children with developmental disabilities. Responses to the SSF and a demographic questionnaire were collected from 576 parents of children with (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 203) and without (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 373) developmental disabilities. To enhance the interpretability of the SSF, a subset of 129 parents were invited to complete an additional questionnaire consisting of three free‐text questions regarding recent help‐seeking behavior, experiences of mental ill‐health and experiences of parenthood. Parents' responses to the free‐text questions were then categorized as indicative of higher or lower degrees of stress and compared to their SSF score distribution to derive empirical cut‐offs for strength, stress and risk of mental ill‐health as measured by the SSF. The credibility of these cut‐offs was evaluated by comparing the cut‐offs with SSF scores collected from the other 447 parents. Finally, SSF scores from parents of children without developmental disabilities (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 373) were used to generate percentile values for the SSF to enable a standardized interpretation of SSF scores. To increase the utility of the SSF, we examined a recurring pattern of missing answers to items 23 and 33–38, noted in previous studies of the SSF and repeated in the present study. These items were excluded from further analysis since our examination revealed that they were not missing at random but rather constituted real differences in parental experiences, such as receiving a healthcare allowance, or caring for more than one child. The proposed empirical cut‐offs performed well in discriminating between the two groups and yielded a specificity of 77–89% and a sensitivity of 68–76% for the strength, stress and risk of mental ill‐health subscales of the SSF. This study also presents a conversion chart associating each SSF score with a corresponding percentile value. We propose modifications to the SSF, whereby items 23 and 33–38 are excluded, which will enable a more reliable assessment of parental experiences. This will, together with the empirical cut‐offs and percentile values, enhance the interpretability and clinical utility of the SSF.","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142260303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex workers' professional agency, quality of life, and problematic substance use in Finland","authors":"Annika Gunst, Mimmi Uusitalo, Petra Pölönen, Štefan Petrík, Jan Antfolk","doi":"10.1111/sjop.13070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.13070","url":null,"abstract":"IntroductionSex workers suffer considerable marginalization that limits their choices and exposes them to various types of harm. Hence, it is important to examine sex workers' professional agency and its association with quality of life. In the current study, we investigated professional agency, quality of life, and problematic substance use among sex workers in Finland.MethodsUsing an online survey, we collected data from 136 sex workers contacted through Finnish sex work organizations and social media platforms. We conducted correlational analyses between the study variables and linear regression analyses with professional agency as the independent variable and quality of life and problematic alcohol and drug use as dependent variables.ResultsAs expected, in the regression analyses, professional agency was strongly positively associated with quality of life (β = 0.86, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) and negatively associated with problematic alcohol (β = −0.38, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.002) and drug (β = −0.69, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) use. Professional agency explained as much as 73% of the variance in quality of life. Most sex workers rated their quality of life as either good or very good.ConclusionOur results underscore the importance of professional agency to sex workers' well‐being, explaining a substantial proportion of the variance in quality of life. Promoting agency should therefore be at the heart of sex work policymaking. However, as most of the respondents were Finnish‐born cis women, our results might not generalize to foreign‐born, male, and gender diverse sex workers. Future studies should prioritize reaching these populations to ensure broader representativeness.","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142260305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}