Scandinavian journal of psychology最新文献

{"title":"Facial Formidability Uniquely Informs Perceptions of White and Asian Men: Evidence From Two Samples in the United States.","authors":"Mitch Brown, Lindsey E Eagan, Donald F Sacco, Nicholas P Maxwell","doi":"10.1111/sjop.70005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.70005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Perceivers rely on men's facial width-to-height ratio (fWHR) as the basis of several stereotypes about men's proclivities as parents. High-fWHR men are perceived as especially prone toward disciplining their offspring. Nonetheless, such ascriptions may vary across different racial categories based on concomitant parenting stereotypes for different cultures. One such stereotype could include a proclivity toward tough love, frequently described as \"tiger parenting\" in the context of East Asian families among U.S. perceivers. Competing stereotypes of East Asian men's high expectations could render the ascription of this parenting style more apparent from less formidable men. Two studies tasked U.S. participants to evaluate White and Asian targets varying in fWHR based on their proclivity to discipline their children and employ tough love. In replicating previous findings, high-fWHR men were perceived as more prone to punishing their offspring. This perception was most apparent for White targets, whereas low-fWHR East Asian men were perceived as more prone to tough love (Study 1). This inference of low-fWHR East Asian men further corresponded with perceptions of them as especially competent (Study 2), an interplay between stereotypes centering around race and formidability. Findings contribute to understanding formidability stereotypes across racial categories.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144637915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender and Height Are Associated With Life Satisfaction Through Psychosocial Factors: Findings From Sweden.","authors":"Filip Fors Connolly","doi":"10.1111/sjop.70000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.70000","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examines the interplay between gender, height, and life satisfaction in the Swedish population. While height consistently shows a positive correlation with life satisfaction, gender effects on life satisfaction are typically null or inconsistent across studies, suggesting complex underlying mechanisms. Using data drawn from a representative cross-sectional sample (n = 990), we applied structural equation modeling (SEM) and multi-group confirmatory factor analysis. We investigated how five psychosocial factors assessed via multi-item scales (perceived safety, social trust, social support, social status, and financial satisfaction) mediate the effects of height and gender on life satisfaction. SEM results indicated that height and gender indirectly influence life satisfaction via the psychosocial factors, with no significant direct effects observed. Height demonstrated significant positive indirect effects on life satisfaction through perceived safety and financial satisfaction. Being female was associated with positive indirect effects on life satisfaction via social trust and social support (independent of height) but also showed negative indirect effects through height-mediated pathways involving safety and financial satisfaction. The findings suggest that height's positive association with life satisfaction operates indirectly via psychosocial factors, particularly perceived safety and financial satisfaction. Simultaneously, the lack of a direct gender-life satisfaction relationship may stem from counterbalancing indirect pathways, with some male advantages potentially operating through height. This study highlights the complex interplay of physical characteristics and psychosocial experiences in shaping well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144592112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Should I Help? Moderating Effects of the Collaborative Aspect of the Helping Situation on the Attribution-Emotion-Help Relationship.","authors":"Matea Kramarić, Željka Kamenov","doi":"10.1111/sjop.70002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.70002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous studies have shown that attributions of controllability influence the decision to help a person in need through elicited emotions. However, it has been suggested that various factors may moderate the relationships within the attribution-emotion-action model. The aim of the present study was to examine the moderating effects of the collaborative aspect of the helping situation on the relationships within the attribution-emotion model of helping behavior. Data were collected from 757 (51% male) undergraduate students. A 2 (controllable vs. uncontrollable cause of help needed) × 2 (collaborative assignment vs. noncollaborative situation) study design was used. Participants read a description of one of four situations in which a student attempted to borrow class notes and rated the controllability of the cause for needing help, the personal benefit of providing help, emotions toward the student seeking help, and willingness to help in the described situation. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results support previous findings and the attribution-emotion-action model. However, the helping situation moderated the relationships within the model. The effects of controllability on emotions toward the help-seeking peer were stronger, but the effects of emotions on helping judgments were weaker in the collaborative assignment situation than in the noncollaborative situation. The collaborative situation was also directly related to a greater willingness to help. The results suggest that in situations where the helper's outcome also depends on the person seeking help, the decision to help is guided more by a cost-benefit analysis than by an attributional analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144326805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender Differences in Educational Future Orientation: A Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Ruijun Song, Nengtong Jiang, Jiaqi Tang, Haixia Zhou","doi":"10.1111/sjop.70003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.70003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gender differences in educational future orientation have gained increasing attention, yet existing findings on this relationship remain inconsistent, and the underlying moderating factors are not well understood. This study aims to synthesize gender differences in educational future orientation and examine potential moderators using meta-analytic techniques. A systematic literature search identified 31 eligible studies, yielding 48 effect sizes from 33 independent samples. Meta-analytic methods were employed to assess gender differences and explore moderating variables, including developmental stage, measurement tools, geographic regions, and publication year. The analysis revealed significant gender differences, with girls demonstrating higher levels of educational future orientation than boys. Additionally, study characteristics such as developmental stage, measurement instruments, regional variations, and publication year contributed to heterogeneity across studies. This meta-analysis provides a robust estimate of gender differences in educational future orientation and identifies key moderators influencing these differences. The findings enhance theoretical and empirical understanding of the topic and suggest directions for future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144310339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Work Stressors and Resources Among Police Emergency Dispatchers. Exploring Opportunities for Improving Working Conditions for Employees Critical for Public Safety.","authors":"Lea Loncar, Eva Langvik, Ingrid Steen Rostad, Ingvild Saksvik-Lehouillier, Brita Bjørkelo","doi":"10.1111/sjop.70001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.70001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Emergency dispatchers are required to remain calm and focused, managing complex and intense situations when allocating resources and providing information to first responders on site. However, despite their importance in securing public safety, the working conditions of emergency dispatchers have received marginal attention. This study addresses this gap by exploring: (1) \"How do police emergency dispatchers experience their working conditions?\" and (2) \"Which initiatives do the emergency dispatchers suggest for reducing stress, improving the working conditions, and promoting health maintenance?\" We applied qualitative content analysis to responses from 78 police emergency dispatchers to open-ended questions from an online survey. The work's demanding and intense nature is regarded as both stressful and engaging. Cumulative stress is perceived as more challenging than dramatic incidents. Noise and suboptimal technical solutions add to the burden. Lack of follow-up, understaffing and turnover may be depicted as a vicious circle that could be counterbalanced by more staff, outsourcing of redundant tasks, better technical equipment, and leadership-initiated debriefing. Although limitations apply, the results from this study are important for practitioners and researchers within the field of operative psychology and emergency dispatchers. The results can contribute to an improved work environment, work culture, training, well-being, and performance of police emergency dispatchers, which can increase job performance as well as effectiveness and, consequently, secure public safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144310340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Be an Eco-Friendly Global Citizen: The Causal Effect of Global Human Identification on ProEnvironmental Behavior.","authors":"Yijia Dong, Zishuang Liu, Yue Zhang, Jiang Jiang","doi":"10.1111/sjop.13126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.13126","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With the development of globalization, the relationships among people worldwide are becoming closer. To elucidate what causal effect such a tendency of globalization generates on pro-environmental behaviors, the present research first manipulated global human identification, the highest level of social identity, and investigated its influence on people's pro-environmental behavior with three experimental studies. Study 1 applied an interview video to prime global human identification and recruited a small sample in the lab setting. Study 2 then promoted global human identification by reading materials with a larger sample. In order to examine to what extent the effect of manipulation on PEB could be attributed to global human identification rather than lower-level identification, Study 3 utilized a similar design as that in Study 2 and simultaneously measured national identification, a specific lower-level identification, after manipulating global human identification. Study 1 preliminarily observed the effect of global human identification on immediate pro-environmental behavior in the laboratory. Study 2 further confirmed this effect on future pro-environmental intentions. Study 3 replicated these findings and showed that the effect of the manipulation on pro-environmental behavior should be primarily attributed to increased global human identification rather than lower-level identification. Our three studies demonstrated that global human identification could positively influence individuals' pro-environmental behavior. This research provides empirical evidence for the social identity model of pro-environmental action and suggests that global human identification may be utilized to improve individuals' pro-environmental behaviors.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144235032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blind Love, Risky Romance: Exposure to Romantic Cues Increases Nonmoral and Immoral Risk Taking.","authors":"Heng Li","doi":"10.1111/sjop.13096","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sjop.13096","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Love and risk are often intricately intertwined within linguistic and cultural conventions. This study experimentally tested the hypothesis that risk-taking attitudes and behaviors are systematically influenced by romantic primes. To evaluate our theoretical framework, we conducted four complementary experiments utilizing various priming techniques (lexical cues, advertisements, and storytelling), diverse participant populations (students and general adults), and multiple measures of risk-taking behavior (self-report and behavioral data). Study 1 compared students' tendencies to engage in risk taking when exposed to romantic cues versus neutral primes. Studies 2 and 3 aimed to provide behavioral confirmation of the observed effects in nonmoral and immoral risk-taking behaviors among nonstudent participants. Study 4 sought to provide more direct evidence regarding the role of self-control in explaining the effects of romantic cues on risk taking. We found both correlational and experimental evidence indicating that participants primed with romantic cues exhibited a higher likelihood of engaging in nonmoral and immoral risk-taking behaviors compared to those exposed to neutral conditions. Across the studies, self-control was identified as a mediating factor in the observed effects. In sum, our research demonstrates that the mere presence of romantic themes significantly influences the propensity to engage in risky behaviors.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":"446-457"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143450131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of Anxiety, Depression and Subjective Wellbeing Among Musicians in Denmark: Findings From the 'When Music Speaks' Project.","authors":"George Musgrave, Sally Anne Gross, Daniel Carney","doi":"10.1111/sjop.13095","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sjop.13095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Some studies have suggested that professional musicians may suffer from elevated levels of mental ill health compared to both non-professional musicians and the general public. The aim of this study was to explore the levels of anxiety, depression, and subjective wellbeing among musicians in a country famed for high levels of wellbeing: Denmark. More specifically, we sought to evaluate the impact of age, gender, income, and subjective career status (SCS)-that is, seeing music as one's main career-on these variables. 986 musicians from a range of career stages and genres (both popular-or rhythmic as it is referred to in Denmark-and classical) completed a survey measuring anxiety and depression using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and measuring subjective wellbeing using Cantril's self-anchoring scale. Multiple regression models were used to explore the relationship between the four independent variables and our three outcome measure scores. Additionally, the sample was split on the basis of their respective significant predictor variables combined in order to observe between-group differences. Firstly, we found that age, gender, and SCS-but not income-significantly predicted anxiety scores. Being younger, being female, and viewing music-making as one's main career all predicted higher levels of anxiety. Demographic group comparisons confirmed that younger female musicians who viewed music-making as their main career were particularly at risk in comparison to other groups. Secondly, age (younger) and gender (female) were also predictors of higher depression scores, but SCS status and income category were not. Lastly, age (younger), gender (female), and income (membership of the three lowest income categories) predicted lower scores on the subjective wellbeing measure. The fact that income did not significantly predict anxiety or depression scores suggested that elevated levels of either of these experienced by career-oriented musicians might not relate to income, or at least may not be solely income-related. Our findings contribute towards literature that seeks to better understand the determinants of elevated levels of mental ill health among musicians and towards research into mental health and wellbeing in Denmark more generally.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":"429-445"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12042730/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143391676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can a Universal Mindfulness Intervention in Schools Reduce ADHD Symptoms among Adolescents? A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Marianne Holopainen, Mirka Hintsanen, Jari Lahti, Tero Vahlberg, Salla-Maarit Volanen","doi":"10.1111/sjop.13090","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sjop.13090","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Existing studies suggest that mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) can reduce ADHD symptoms when delivered as targeted clinical programs to young people diagnosed with ADHD. However, there is currently a lack of research on whether MBIs are effective in reducing elevated ADHD symptoms when delivered as universal programs to whole classes in schools. This study investigated the effects of a universal nine-week MBI (.b program) on students' elevated ADHD symptoms using an cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT) design. The modifying effects of pupils' baseline characteristics (gender, age, and socioeconomic status) and home-practice intensity were examined. A total of 3519 adolescents aged 12 to 15 years from Finnish schools were randomized into an MBI group, a relaxation-based active-control group, and a passive-control group. ADHD symptoms were measured at baseline (T0), at nine weeks (T9), and at 26-weeks (T26, follow-up) using parent-reported assessments. The study found no positive intervention effects on parent-reported ADHD symptoms in the MBI group compared to the control groups. Neither boys nor girls benefited from the MBI. The same was true of different age groups and socioeconomic levels. Moreover, regular home practice during the follow-up period did not strengthen the intervention effects. The results do not support the use of brief, universal MBIs in whole school classes as part of the routine curriculum to reduce elevated ADHD symptoms in adolescents. Further research is essential to identify optimal content and delivery methods for MBIs in schools. Particularly among adolescents with elevated ADHD symptoms, targeted MBIs, adapted to the unique needs of this subgroup, should be examined. Trial Registration: Healthy Learning Mind-a school-based mindfulness and relaxation program: a study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT) ISRCTN18642659 retrospectively registered on 13 October 2015. The full trial protocol can be accessed at http://rdcu.be/t57S.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":"338-354"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12042731/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142828700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"She Asked for It? Descriptions of Victims' Behaviors Are Associated With Sentencing in Norwegian Rape Trials.","authors":"Kirsten Rønning Rinde, Tea Vučić, Maria Grønland Andresen, Audun Havnen, Stian Solem","doi":"10.1111/sjop.13088","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sjop.13088","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Feminist theorists have long argued that rape myths contribute to normalizing sexual assault, through belittling and denying rape victims' claims. This study examines whether descriptions of victims' behaviors are associated with sentencing in rape trials. A total of 2054 Norwegian court decisions from 2013 to 2023 in judicial records were screened. Fifty-one of these included descriptions of the victims' behavior as operationalized by a subscale of the Illinois Rape Myth Acceptance Scale called \"She Asked For It\" (IRMAS-SAFI; type of clothing, going to a room alone with a guy at a party, previous sexual behavior, saying no unclearly, and kissing). Matching cases without such descriptions were then selected, resulting in a total sample of 102 court decisions. In addition, a randomly selected comparison group (n = 51) was included for robustness analysis. Results revealed that defendants who had attacked a victim in the IRMAS-SAFI group were sentenced to fewer months in prison (M = 25.3, SD = 20.9) than defendants from the comparison group (M = 41.7, SD = 13.3). This type of description of victims' behavior was significantly associated with shorter prison sentences when controlling for medical evidence, age of the defendant, and use of violence. The results indicate that implementing measures to reduce the influence of rape myths on judges' evaluations in rape trials could lead to fairer court decisions.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":"327-337"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12042729/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142828966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}