Scandinavian journal of psychology最新文献

{"title":"Belief in a Just, Unjust, and Random World: Three Different Beliefs.","authors":"Javier Mayoral-López, Andrés Soler-Martínez, Marta Godoy-Giménez, Pablo Sayans-Jiménez","doi":"10.1111/sjop.70134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.70134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Belief in a Just World (BJW) reflects assumptions about the predictability and congruence of events. Although extensively studied, little is known about its opposite: whether it is the Belief in an Unjust World (BUW), the Belief in a Random World (BRW), or whether these are independent constructs. This study adapted BJW scales to assess BUW and BRW in a Spanish sample (N = 283). Exploratory graph analysis showed that BJW, BUW, and BRW form three distinct unipolar dimensions, rather than opposite poles of a single continuum. While all correlated with mental health variables, partial correlations revealed unique patterns: BJW related to well-being, BUW negatively to optimism, and BRW showed negligible associations. These findings highlight the conceptual independence of the three beliefs, while offering plausible different roles that they could take within clinical practice. Furthermore, we also provide measuring tools for BUW and BRW.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148550083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Sum Score Cutoffs for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Military Personnel Using the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ): A Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Analysis.","authors":"Belén Rogowski, Megan Emily Chavez, Laura Katherine Noll, Andreas Espetvedt Nordstrand, Ann Hergatt Huffman, Hans Jakob Bøe, Robert E Wickham","doi":"10.1111/sjop.70128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.70128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Military populations are at elevated risk for developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ) is a self-report instrument that allows for the assessment of PTSD and presents opportunities for wider use as a screener for both clinical and epidemiological purposes. However, current scoring methods are limited, and no cumulative sum score cutoffs have been validated at this time. This study aimed to establish PTSD cutoff scores for the ITQ with a large sample of Norwegian military veterans (N = 5640), 182 of whom met criteria for probable PTSD based on recommended cutoffs for the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). By comparing the PTSD subscale of the ITQ to recommended cutoffs for the PCL-5, this study provides the field with a data-driven bridge and calibration between two of the most prominent self-report PTSD instruments available. Results of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis yielded two cutoff values. A score of 6 using the six PTSD symptom items of the ITQ identified probable PTSD cases with the highest sensitivity and minimal false positives and was thus the recommended cutoff for clinical screening purposes. Meanwhile, a score of 7 with these six symptom items yielded the highest confidence that positive results reflected probable PTSD cases and reduced false positives even further at the cost of losing some sensitivity, and it was therefore the recommended cutoff for research purposes. Findings indicate these cutoff values can be used to screen for probable cases of PTSD across both clinical and research contexts but, like those of the PCL-5, must be interpreted cautiously given the limitations of self-report screeners for psychiatric diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148472558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"I Could Have Killed Him\" Survivors' Descriptions of Their Counterfactual Thoughts After a Terrorist Attack.","authors":"Kristin Alve Glad, Ines Blix, Andrea Barsnes Undset, Grete Dyb","doi":"10.1111/sjop.70131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.70131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many trauma survivors mentally create alternative scenarios to the factual past (i.e., \"what could have happened\"), referred to as counterfactual thoughts (CFT). However, to date, research on the phenomenology of post-trauma CFT is sparse. We aimed to systematically explore the characteristics and content of CFT reported by young survivors of a terrorist attack. Approximately 8.5 years after the terrorist attack on Utøya island in 2011, 220 survivors (52.3% females, M age = 27.5, SD = 3.65) described their most common CFT related to the attack. The characteristics (e.g., direction, structure, social focus, and timing) and content of the survivors' CFT were analyzed using thematic analysis. The participants provided rich and highly detailed descriptions of their CFT. Most antecedents (\"if…\") were additive (action), self-referent, related to events occurring during the attack (e.g., if they had helped others, been located differently, or tried to overpower the perpetrator). The majority of the consequents (\"then…\") were upward and other-referent, particularly related how someone who was killed could have survived. Of note, many described CFT involving self-blame. Findings may have implications for clinicians in terms of understanding and alleviating psychological distress among survivors' post-trauma. It is important that clinicians are aware of this phenomenon, so that they better can identify and help patients cope with their CFT.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148423618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Predictors of Suicidal Ideation, Self-Harm, and Suicide Attempts in Iceland.","authors":"Jón Ingi Hlynsson, Erla Katrín Jónsdóttir, Bryndís Björk Ásgeirsdóttir, Tómas Kristjánsson, Rannveig Sigurvinsdottir","doi":"10.1111/sjop.70129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.70129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Suicide is a leading cause of death worldwide. The cross-national lifetime prevalence of suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts has been reported to be 9.2%, with rates increasing considerably during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although some studies have explored suicidality in Iceland, research on risk factors remains limited. This study addresses this gap in the literature by presenting descriptive statistics on the prevalence of suicidal behaviors and evaluating risk factors to advance knowledge about suicide Iceland. Data were drawn from a random general population sample (n = 1029). Suicidality and self-harm were assessed using targeted survey items alongside standardized self-report instruments to evaluate predictors, specifically the DASS-21, the PCL-5, and the Social Support-Friends and Family Scales. In total, 5.6% reported a prior suicide attempt, and the lifetime prevalence of self-harm was 6.1%. However, past-year rates were notably lower: 0.2% for suicide attempts, 0.9% for self-harm, and 2.7% for recent self-harm ideation. Logistic regression analyses showed that younger age, prior exposure to suicide, and depressive symptomatology were consistently associated with an elevated risk for self-harm and suicidal behavior. Notably, men demonstrated increased odds of suicidal ideation, but not suicide attempts. For self-harm, depressive symptoms and younger age emerged as key predictors, whereas exposure to suicide was nonsignificant after adjustment. Gender-stratified models revealed similar patterns, although family support was protective only among men, whereas friend support was protective only among women. Finally, exposure to suicide remains a key predictor for women but not men after adjustment, highlighting possible gender-based pathways to suicidality. This study contributes to the existing literature by providing up-to-date prevalence estimates and preliminary insights into clinically relevant risk factors for suicidal behavior in an Icelandic cohort.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148412757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Randomized Controlled Trial of an iCBT Program to Reduce Infertility-Related Stress: A Novel Digital Approach.","authors":"Sigurbirna Haflidadottir, Fjola Dogg Helgadottir, Magnus Blondahl Sighvatsson","doi":"10.1111/sjop.70126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.70126","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The global burden of infertility and its associated psychological distress is substantial, yet many individuals face barriers to accessing psychological support. A scalable, low-cost online intervention presents a promising solution. A randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted (experimental vs. waitlist control group) to evaluate the efficacy of a fully automated cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) program in reducing infertility-related stress among women attempting to conceive. Data were analyzed using linear mixed models on an intention-to-treat basis. The study enrolled 63 Icelandic women experiencing infertility-related stress. The intervention, Overcome Fertility Stress, is an online program designed to identify and modify maladaptive behaviors and thought patterns contributing to infertility-related distress. It delivers personalized treatment through prewritten text, audio, and video responses based on user input. Infertility-related stress was measured using the 46-item Fertility Problem Inventory (FPI), which assesses a global stress score and five domains of infertility-related stress. Participants in the experimental group demonstrated a significant reduction in infertility-related stress (mean reduction score = 22.85, p < 0.05), whereas the control group showed no significant changes (p > 0.05). The within-group effect was large, but controlled between-group effects and confidence intervals should be prioritized when interpreting treatment benefit. These findings provide preliminary controlled evidence that a fully automated CBT program may reduce infertility-related stress, although the underpowered sample and low adherence require cautious interpretation. This RCT, alongside prior feasibility studies, suggests that Overcome Fertility Stress may be a promising low-intensity intervention for infertility-related stress. No significant effects were observed on secondary outcomes measuring depression, anxiety, stress, or worry, suggesting the program is specific to infertility-related stress rather than a broader intervention for emotional disorder symptoms. Larger, adequately powered trials with stronger engagement strategies are needed. Future research should focus on expanding access and integrating digital psychological support into standard fertility care.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148303068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eight-Week Minimal Dose Training Reduces Premenstrual Syndrome Symptoms but Does Not Influence Coping Strategies: A Nonrandomized Study.","authors":"Eliane Aragão da Silva Soares, Alex Harley Crisp, Paula Teixeira Fernandes, Eduardo Macedo Penna, Daniel Alvarez Pires","doi":"10.1111/sjop.70125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.70125","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a set of symptoms related to hormonal changes occurring during the premenstrual period. Effective coping strategies for managing PMS have not been clearly established, and it remains unclear whether these strategies are modified by physical activity. Exercise may reduce PMS symptoms; however, the minimum effective exercise dose remains unknown. This study aimed to analyze the effects of an 8-week minimum-dose exercise protocol on psychological PMS symptoms and coping strategies. Thirty-three university students with PMS were assigned to two groups: the Resistance Training Group (RTG), which followed an 8-week minimum-dose training protocol, and the Control Group (CG), which underwent only physical testing. The Premenstrual Symptom Screening Tool (PSST) and the Brief COPE were used for assessments. A mixed linear model with Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML), ANOVA III table application, and Tukey's post hoc test was used for PMS analysis. For coping strategies, a mixed linear model was applied to each domain, with descriptive and exploratory analyses. These analyses were performed in R Studio. For the physical tests, the mean and standard deviation of the variables in each group at the three protocol time points were calculated, and differences between groups were analyzed using Student's t-test conducted in Jamovi. A reduction in both physical and psychological PMS symptoms (χ² = 7.64, df = 2, p = 0.02) and functional impacts (χ² = 6.37, df = 2, p = 0.04) was observed in the RTG compared to the CG during the second evaluation. Coping strategy patterns remained stable, showing no influence from the minimum-dose protocol. The minimum-dose exercise approach effectively reduced PMS symptom severity and functional impairments but did not affect coping strategies. Trial Registration: Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry (ReBEC) number: RBR-4pp65c6.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148303019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Emotional Abuse, Physical Abuse and Mobile Phone Dependence in Left- and Non-Left-Behind Adolescents: Roles of Self-Esteem, Social Anxiety, and Loneliness.","authors":"Baohua Zhen, Xima Yang, Benxian Yao","doi":"10.1111/sjop.70119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.70119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Child abuse has been significantly associated with children's mobile phone dependence (MPD), particularly in left-behind children (LBC). However, whether distinct forms of child abuse (physical and emotional) are associated with MPD in LBC and non-left-behind children (NLBC) through common or distinct psychological pathways remain uncertain. This research examined the comparative associations of different abuse types with MPD in LBC and NLBC, as well as the separate or combined roles of self-esteem, social anxiety, and loneliness. In total, 4864 children (2296 LBC) responded to a self-reported questionnaire. Structural equation modeling was employed to examine the indirect relations between emotional abuse, physical abuse, and MPD through self-esteem, social anxiety, and loneliness. The results showed that emotional abuse was positively associated with MPD in LBC, with indirect associations through serial mediation involving self-esteem, social anxiety, and loneliness. In NLBC, emotional abuse was positively associated with MPD through separate and serial mediation involving self-esteem and social anxiety, whereas the mediating role of loneliness was non-significant. The indirect effects from physical abuse to MPD were statistically nonsignificant in either group. These findings suggest that emotional abuse showed more robust associations with MPD than physical abuse and that the psychological pathways linking abuse to MPD showed distinct patterns in LBC and NLBC, highlighting the importance of addressing emotional abuse in prevention and intervention efforts for vulnerable LBC.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148278632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Swedish SDQ Norms for Internalizing and Externalizing Problems in Preschoolers.","authors":"Anton Dahlberg, Anna Sarkadi, Raziye Salari","doi":"10.1111/sjop.70124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.70124","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) is one of the most widely used instruments for assessing mental health in children. While Swedish norms for the SDQ have previously been published for children aged 3-5 years, percentile-based cutoffs for the broader internalizing and externalizing scales are still lacking. This study aimed to extend existing Swedish SDQ norms by providing population-based cutoffs for the composite internalizing and externalizing scales in preschool children. Data were derived from a large, population-based sample of children aged 3-5 years in Uppsala County, including ratings from both parents and preschool teachers. Internalizing and externalizing scores were computed by summing the relevant SDQ subscales, and percentile cutoffs were calculated by age, gender, and rater, with the 80th and 90th percentiles used to indicate borderline and abnormal levels of difficulties. Cutoff values were consistently lower in teacher ratings than in parent ratings, and across most age groups and scales girls had lower cutoff values than boys. Age variation was modest, with a general tendency towards slightly lower cutoff scores with increasing age. These new normative cutoffs extend the Swedish SDQ norms for preschoolers to include the widely used composite scales and support more comprehensive use of the SDQ in both clinical screening and research on young children's mental health.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148272731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Toxic Positivity, Shame, Emotional Exhaustion, and Job Withdrawal Intentions in the Workplace.","authors":"Samantha L Grosvenor, Natasha M Loi","doi":"10.1111/sjop.70123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.70123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The safety of the psychosocial work environment has a significant influence on employees' overall wellbeing. Research shows that positive and supportive work environments can enhance mental and physical health. Conversely, an excessive emphasis on forced positivity-toxic positivity-may harm employees' mental health. However, research on toxic positivity in the workplace remains limited. This study aimed to examine whether shame and emotional exhaustion, in serial, would mediate the relationship between toxic positivity and job withdrawal intentions. Employing a convergent mixed-methods approach, a sample of 301 Australian employees (M_age = 34.2 years, SD = 10.6; 76.4% female) completed an online survey. Findings revealed that toxic positivity was positively related to shame, emotional exhaustion, and job withdrawal intentions. Additionally, shame and emotional exhaustion, in serial mediated the relationship between toxic positivity and job withdrawal intentions. Reflexive thematic analysis indicated that participants identified and understood the concept of toxic positivity in the workplace. The implications of these findings suggest that toxic positivity can be detrimental to employee wellbeing and that organizations should be cautious of overgeneralizing positivity in the workplace. Additional research is necessary to enhance our understanding of the influence of toxic positivity on shame and emotional exhaustion in individual-specific behavioral responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148265814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive Testing Practices for Basic Military Training in the Nordic Countries: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Emelie Wahlkrantz, Jeanette Melin","doi":"10.1111/sjop.70122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.70122","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Nordic countries have a long tradition of using general mental ability (GMA) tests as part of their military conscription process, a practice that began in the mid-20th century. These Nordic tests were developed with a dual purpose-to filter out individuals unfit for military service and to rank individuals' GMA for military roles-and they share common features, including historical roots, administrative procedures, and interpretations. Initially designed exclusively for men, these tests are now taken by both men and women, reflecting shifts in societal norms. However, limited reporting on the current psychometric properties of these tests raises questions about their reliability and validity. Without up-to-date knowledge about the measurement characteristics of these assessments, findings derived from such tests should generally be interpreted with caution. The need for updated validation is further underscored by the extensive use of Nordic GMA test data in broader social and health research, including the Flynn effect. Such efforts will not only sustain the scientific credibility of these tests, but also ensure that data informing other research, and conclusions drawn there, are based on accurate interpretations of the GMA tests.</p>","PeriodicalId":21435,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148199991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}