The Open Veterinary Science Journal最新文献

{"title":"Immunization with Recombinant Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis Heat-Shock Protein (Hsp)-60 is Able to Induce an Immune Response in Mice, But Fails to Confer Protection Against Infection","authors":"Jean Marcel Rodrigues Pinho, F. Dorella, K. S. Coelho, C. Fonseca, F. C. Cardoso, R. Meyer, R. Portela, S. Oliveira, A. Miyoshi, V. Azevedo","doi":"10.2174/1874318809003010022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874318809003010022","url":null,"abstract":"Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis is the etiological agent of caseous lymphadenitis (CLA), a chronic small ruminant's disease. C. pseudotuberculosis Hsp60 expressed in E. coli was purified and tested as a vaccine candidate against CLA. Immunization of BALB/c mice with recombinant Hsp60 (rHsp60) induced a significant anti-Hsp60 IgG re- sponse, with greater production of IgG1 than of IgG2a. Cell-mediated immune responses induced by immunization were characterized by elevated production of gamma interferon (IFN- ) and interleukin (IL)-10, while IL-4 concentrations were not significantly increased. Otherwise, mice challenged with 10 6 c.f.u. of a virulent C. pseudotuberculosis strain devel- oped abscesses and other signs of morbidity at the site of inoculation. The rate of survival of the animals immunized with rHsp60 was slightly higher than that of mice immunized with PBS; however, all the animals died within two weeks after challenge. We concluded that subcutaneous administration of rHsp60 does not induce effective protection against intrape- ritoneal infection with C. pseudotuberculosis.","PeriodicalId":214092,"journal":{"name":"The Open Veterinary Science Journal","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131752605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Animal Hygiene and Animal Health in Dairy Cattle Operations","authors":"J. Noordhuizen, Joao Peixoto da Silva","doi":"10.2174/1874318800903010017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874318800903010017","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses the economic and strategic position of animal health in the dairy operations and the way that animal health care should be properly designed. Examples of biosecurity plans and quality risk management are fur- ther elaborated. Disease risk identification and disease risk management as primary preventive issues are pivotal in mod- ern animal health care on both the small and larger dairy farms. Biosecurity and quality risk management can both be in- tegrated into current operational veterinary herd health and production management programs.","PeriodicalId":214092,"journal":{"name":"The Open Veterinary Science Journal","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122839114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of a Chicken Embryo-Adapted H9N2 Subtype Avian Influenza Virus","authors":"H. Kwon, S. Cho, Young-Jin Ahn, Jae-Hong Kim, H. Yoo, Sun-Joong Kim","doi":"10.2174/1874318800903010009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874318800903010009","url":null,"abstract":"The low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) caused by H9N2 virus has generated economic losses in the Ko- rean poultry industry since 1999, but field isolates could not be used for killed oil emulsion vaccine directly because of low productivity in embryonated chicken eggs (ECE). Therefore, we established a vaccine strain, KBNP-0028, by passage through ECE with allantoic fluid showing the highest volume and titer. KBNP-0028 possessed 158 N-glycan on hemag- glutinin (HA) as its parent strain, but acquired a 16 amino acid deletion in the stalk region of neuraminidase (16-del NA) as a result of balancing with the glycosylated HA. KBNP-0028 was sufficiently productive in ECE to be compared with the A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (PR8) strain and immunogenic enough to induce high antibody titers. The antibodies inhibited hemagglutination of recent field isolates as highly as they inhibited KBNP-0028. Genome analysis revealed that KBNP- 0028 carried no known mutation relevant to virulence in mammalian. In conclusion, KBNP-0028 is a promising vaccine candidate for prevention of the LPAI in the Republic of Korea.","PeriodicalId":214092,"journal":{"name":"The Open Veterinary Science Journal","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132481470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fecal Strings Associated with Streptococcus agalactiae Infection in Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus","authors":"D. Pasnik, J. J. Evans, P. Klesius","doi":"10.2174/1874318800903010006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874318800903010006","url":null,"abstract":"This study provides the first description of long fecal strings in Streptococcus agalactiae-infected fish. Nile ti- lapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were administered an intraperitoneal injection with 0.1 mL solution containing a 10-fold di- lution from 10 1 to 10 6 cfu S. agalactiae/fish. While infected fish developed clinical signs commonly associated with S. agalactiae infection, up to 40% of infected fish in each group also produced considerably longer (up to 20 cm in length) fecal waste strings than unchallenged tilapia. Fecal strings from these infected fish were observed trailing from the anus and often became increasingly opaque and white over time. Though S. agalactiae was not isolated from the fecal strings themselves, all S. agalactiae-challenged fish sampled were culture-positive. Histologic examination of the intestines of infected fish exhibited the presence of sloughed intestinal mucous cells and enterocytes in the feces and the absence of normal fecal matter. The presence of long brown and/or white, opaque fecal strings may suggest a clinical sign of bacte- rial disease and the need for further clinical examination. Streptococcus agalactiae affects numerous wild and cul- tured fish species worldwide and causes disease involving septicemia and colonization of numerous organs (1-4). Clini- cal signs of S. agalactiae infection include lethargy or excit- ability, going off feed, 'C'-shaped body posturing, erratic swimming and whirling, opercular clearing, spinal curvature, and death (2, 3, 5). Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) are susceptible to S. agalactiae infection (3-5). In a variety of previous S. agalactiae challenge studies at the Aquatic Ani- mal Health Research Laboratory, Nile tilapia (n > 500; weight ranging from 3 to 100 g) were injected intraperito- neally with doses ranging from 10 1 to 10 9 colony-forming units (cfu) S. agalactiae/fish and maintained at approxi- mately 30˚C. Though these studies were not intended to ex- clusively examine S. agalactiae-related clinical signs, it was nonetheless noted that numerous challenged fish produced long fecal strings. Since fecal strings have not been previ- ously associated with S. agalactiae infection, a study was performed to examine the presence of fecal strings after ex- perimental S. agalactiae challenge. Nile tilapia (O. niloticus) with a mean weight of 13.9 ± 0.6 g were housed at the USDA/ARS Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory in Chestertown, Maryland, USA. The fish were kept in 57 L glass aquaria supplied with flow-through dechlorinated tap water, maintained at a mean temperature of 30.5 ± 0.6oC, mean dissolved oxygen of 5.3 ± 0.9 mg/L, and mean ammonia concentration of 0.2 ± 0.8 mg/L. The fish were also fed daily to satiation with Aquamax feed (Bren- twood, Missouri, USA) and maintained on a 12 h : 12 h light :","PeriodicalId":214092,"journal":{"name":"The Open Veterinary Science Journal","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124279387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between abortion-records in goats and test-positivity to Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis.","authors":"J. Ikonomopoulos, E. Liandris, M. Andreadou, M. Gazouli","doi":"10.2174/1874318800903010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874318800903010001","url":null,"abstract":"Paratuberculosis, is a disease caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) that affects mainly ruminants. MAP can disseminate from the intestine to the genital tract. Therefore infection has been associated with decreased fertility but not directly with abortion in goats. The aim of this study was to obtain the evidence required to exploit the potential association between MAP-infection and abortion. For this purpose we have focused on three caprine herds geographically unrelated and keeping records of paratuberculosis and abortion of unspecified etiology. We collected in total 178 serum, milk, and fecal samples from 63, 2-4 years old, female goats. This material was processed for cultiva- tion, ELISA, and Real Time PCR (RT-PCR). No statistically significant association was recorded between abortion- record and RT-PCR positivity to MAP of fecal or milk samples. However ELISA - positivity was linked at a statistically significant level (p = 0.0275) with abortion. Goats that reacted positively by ELISA were 3.24 times more likely to abort than those with no detectable antibody titer. This study provides the first indications of the potential association of MAP- infection in goats and abortion-record, and suggests that a more extensive investigation should preferably rely on serol- ogy.","PeriodicalId":214092,"journal":{"name":"The Open Veterinary Science Journal","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114669904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attenuated Live Bluetongue Virus 8 Vaccine Protects Sheep from Challenge with the European BTV-8","authors":"B. Dungu, I. Louw, Christiaan A. Potgieter, B. Teichman","doi":"10.2174/1874318808002010130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874318808002010130","url":null,"abstract":"An attenuated live bluetongue virus (AL-BTV) serotype 8 vaccine of South African origin was evaluated for its ability to protect sheep against challenge with a European BTV-8 isolated from an outbreak. Two groups of sero-negative sheep were vaccinated with either a single or booster vaccination and challenged subcutaneously 28 days following vaccination. Groups of vaccinated challenged sheep showed no clinical signs typical to Bluetongue disease, as compared to unvacci- nated inoculated sheep of a control group. A clinical reaction index (CRI) of values ranging from 0 to 5 was determined for each of the groups, where vaccinates measured a CRI of less than 1 and the control sheep measured a CRI of at least 4.5. All vaccinated sheep developed high serotype-specific neutralizing antibodies post-vaccination. The results indicated that a single dose of the AL-BTV-8 was sufficient to protect vaccinated sheep against a virulent challenge of the European BTV-8 outbreak isolate.","PeriodicalId":214092,"journal":{"name":"The Open Veterinary Science Journal","volume":"130 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114595462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Poisoning Associated with Ingestion of Redroot Pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) in Cattle – Case Report","authors":"T. Zadnik, J. Starič, M. Klinkon, T. Cigler, J. Ježek","doi":"10.2174/1874318800802010127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874318800802010127","url":null,"abstract":"On a farm in Slovenia two cows died overnight without any previous signs of disease. The cows were fed green forage, containing a big portion of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) at least for four consecutive days. Poisoning with this plant was suspected. Pathomorphological changes established by the necropsy of both cows confirmed the suspi- cion of poisoning.","PeriodicalId":214092,"journal":{"name":"The Open Veterinary Science Journal","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124792235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lung Cell Tropism and Inflammatory Cytokine-Profile of Porcine Respiratory Coronavirus Infection","authors":"K. Atanasova, S. Gucht, F. Barbé, D. Lefebvre, K. Chiers, K. Reeth","doi":"10.2174/1874318800802010117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874318800802010117","url":null,"abstract":"Knowledge about porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV) tropism was limited to morphological identification of target cells and controversial reports on replication in macrophages. This study aimed to clarify the lung cell tropism of a Belgian PRCV strain and to examine the lung profile of inflammatory cytokines for 15 days after intratracheal PRCV inoculation of gnotobiotic piglets. Until 5 days after inoculation, more than 50% of the PRCV-positive cells were type 2 pneumocytes, 30% bronchiolar epithelial cells, and 10% macrophages, as demonstrated by immunofluorescence stainings with specific cell markers. In vitro, PRCV productively infected primary porcine lung epithelial cells, but not porcine al- veolar macrophages. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluids of PRCV-inoculated pigs contained high levels of interferons (IFN-� , IFN-� ) and interleukin-6, moderate interleukin-12 and low tumour necrosis factor-� levels. Our results indicate that PRCV infects primarily type 2 pneumocytes and induces lower lung cytokine levels, compared to swine influenza virus or lipopolysaccharide-complicated PRCV infections.","PeriodicalId":214092,"journal":{"name":"The Open Veterinary Science Journal","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124668003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Animal Health Challenges and Veterinary Aspects of Organic Livestock Farming Identified Through a 3 Year EU Network Project","authors":"M. Vaarst, S. Padel, D. Younie, M. Hovi, A. Sundrum, C. Rymer","doi":"10.2174/1874318808002010111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874318808002010111","url":null,"abstract":"From 2003-2006, an EU network project 'Sustaining Animal Health and Food Safety in Organic Farming' (SAFO), was carried out with 26 partners from 20 EU-countries and 4 related partners from 4 candidate or new member states. The focus was the integration of animal health and welfare issues in organic farming with food safety aspects. Four very consistent conclusions became apparent: 1) The climatic, physical and socio-economic conditions vary considerably throughout Europe, leading to different livestock farming systems. This limits the possibility for technology transfer be- tween regions, and creates several challenges for a harmonised regulation, 2) Implementing organic standards at farm level does not always ensure that animal health and welfare reach the high ideals of the organic principles, 3) To over- come these deficiencies, organic farmers and farmer organisations need to take ownership of organic values and, 4) In all participating countries, a strong need for training of farmers and in particular veterinarians in animal health promotion and organic principles was identified. The article presents a summary of papers presented at the five SAFO workshops.","PeriodicalId":214092,"journal":{"name":"The Open Veterinary Science Journal","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116295370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of a Commercial Real-Time RT-PCR Assay for Surveillance of Classical Swine Fever: Evaluation by Testing Sequential Tissue and Blood Samples","authors":"M. Tignon, G. Kulcsar, K. Belák, A. Haegeman, T. Barna, K. Fábián, R. Lévai, A. Farsang, Y. Stede, R. Vrancken, F. Koenen","doi":"10.2174/1874318800802010104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874318800802010104","url":null,"abstract":"The applicability of the commercial TaqVet CSFV real-time RT-PCR assay (TaqVet CSF) as a diagnostic tool for herd surveillance of classical swine fever (CSF) was evaluated in an experimental setup on a group of 28 pigs infected with a moderately virulent classical swine fever virus (CSFV) strain of wild boar origin ('11722-WIL'). Based on the viral distribution determined in tissue by the real-time RT-PCR assay (rRT-PCR), the tonsils were found the most suitable tis- sue for CSFV detection. In the tonsils, the viral genome was detected during the incubation phase, as early as 2 days post infection (dpi), and during the clinical phase until the end of the experiment (24 dpi). In blood, viral RNA detection was delayed by 2 days compared to the corresponding tonsils. Virus was irregularly detected in muscles, indicating the poor reliability of meat for CSFV monitoring. For surveillance programmes, the effectiveness of the rRT-PCR kit was also evaluated on blood samples collected at the scale of the animal group and compared to the individual diagnosis based on analysis of tonsils. The present study indicated that, at the very early stages of infection, comparable detection efficiency was achieved by using large numbers of blood samples or smaller number of tonsils. The increased size of sampling is necessary to compensate the lower viral load observed in blood. Based on these results, testing of blood can be proposed as an acceptable alternative to tonsils for herd surveillance with the TaqVet CSF kit, providing that extended sampling is undertaken.","PeriodicalId":214092,"journal":{"name":"The Open Veterinary Science Journal","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129402595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}