Reviews of Modern Physics最新文献_第2页

Catalysis in quantum information theory 量子信息论中的催化作用

IF 44.1 1区物理与天体物理

Reviews of Modern Physics Pub Date : 2024-06-27 DOI: 10.1103/revmodphys.96.025005

Patryk Lipka-Bartosik, Henrik Wilming, Nelly H. Y. Ng

引用次数: 0

Neutrinos from dense environments: Flavor mechanisms, theoretical approaches, observations, and new directions 来自高密度环境的中微子：味道机制、理论方法、观测和新方向

IF 44.1 1区物理与天体物理

Reviews of Modern Physics Pub Date : 2024-06-24 DOI: 10.1103/revmodphys.96.025004

M. Cristina Volpe

{"title":"Neutrinos from dense environments: Flavor mechanisms, theoretical approaches, observations, and new directions","authors":"M. Cristina Volpe","doi":"10.1103/revmodphys.96.025004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/revmodphys.96.025004","url":null,"abstract":"Neutrino masses and mixings produce vacuum oscillations, an established quantum mechanical phenomenon. In matter, the Mikheev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein effect, due to neutrino interactions with the background particles, triggers resonant flavor modification. In dense environments, such as core-collapse supernovae and compact mergers, sizable neutrino-neutrino interactions, shock waves, and turbulence impact the neutrino flavor content under a variety of phenomena. Theoretical approaches of neutrino propagation range from the mean-field approximation to the full quantum kinetic equations. Interesting connections have been uncovered between weakly interacting dense neutrino gases and other many-body systems and domains, from condensed matter and nuclear physics to quantum computing. Besides the intrinsic theoretical interest, establishing how neutrinos change flavor contributes to answering the long-standing open questions of how massive stars explode and of the <math display=\"inline\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mi>r</mi></math>-process sites. It is also important for future observations of core-collapse supernova neutrinos and of the diffuse supernova neutrino background that should be discovered in the foreseeable future.","PeriodicalId":21172,"journal":{"name":"Reviews of Modern Physics","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141448113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fluorescence microscopy: A statistics-optics perspective 荧光显微镜：统计-光学视角

IF 44.1 1区物理与天体物理

Reviews of Modern Physics Pub Date : 2024-06-05 DOI: 10.1103/revmodphys.96.025003

Mohamadreza Fazel, Kristin S. Grussmayer, Boris Ferdman, Aleksandra Radenovic, Yoav Shechtman, Jörg Enderlein, Steve Pressé

引用次数: 0

Colloquium: Spin-orbit effects in superconducting hybrid structures 学术讨论会：超导混合结构中的自旋轨道效应

IF 44.1 1区物理与天体物理

Reviews of Modern Physics Pub Date : 2024-05-28 DOI: 10.1103/revmodphys.96.021003

Morten Amundsen, Jacob Linder, Jason W. A. Robinson, Igor Žutić, Niladri Banerjee

{"title":"Colloquium: Spin-orbit effects in superconducting hybrid structures","authors":"Morten Amundsen, Jacob Linder, Jason W. A. Robinson, Igor Žutić, Niladri Banerjee","doi":"10.1103/revmodphys.96.021003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/revmodphys.96.021003","url":null,"abstract":"Spin-orbit coupling (SOC) relates to the interaction between an electron’s motion and its spin and is ubiquitous in solid-state systems. Although the effect of SOC in normal-state phenomena has been extensively studied, its role in superconducting hybrid structures and devices elicits many unexplored questions. In conjunction with broken symmetries and material inhomogeneities within superconducting hybrid structures, SOC may have contributions beyond its effects in homogeneous materials. Notably, even with well-established magnetic or nonmagnetic materials and conventional <math display=\"inline\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mi>s</mi></math>-wave spin-singlet superconductors, SOC leads to emergent phenomena including equal-spin-triplet pairing and topological superconductivity (hosting Majorana states), a modified current-phase relationship in Josephson junctions, and nonreciprocal transport, including superconducting diode effects. SOC is also responsible for transforming quasiparticles in superconducting structures, which enhances the spin Hall effect and changes the spin dynamics. Taken together, SOC in superconducting hybrid structures and the potential for electric tuning of the SOC strength create interesting possibilities to advance superconducting spintronic devices for energy-efficient computing and enable topological fault-tolerant quantum computing. By providing a description of experimental techniques and theoretical methods to study SOC, this Colloquium describes the current understanding of resulting phenomena in superconducting structures and offers a framework to select and design a growing class of materials systems where SOC plays an important role.","PeriodicalId":21172,"journal":{"name":"Reviews of Modern Physics","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141165318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

When superconductivity crosses over: From BCS to BEC 当超导电性发生交叉：从 BCS 到 BEC

IF 44.1 1区物理与天体物理

Reviews of Modern Physics Pub Date : 2024-05-23 DOI: 10.1103/revmodphys.96.025002

Qijin Chen, Zhiqiang Wang, Rufus Boyack, Shuolong Yang, K. Levin

{"title":"When superconductivity crosses over: From BCS to BEC","authors":"Qijin Chen, Zhiqiang Wang, Rufus Boyack, Shuolong Yang, K. Levin","doi":"10.1103/revmodphys.96.025002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/revmodphys.96.025002","url":null,"abstract":"New developments in superconductivity, particularly through unexpected and often surprising forms of superconducting materials, continue to excite the community and stimulate theory. It is now becoming clear that there are two distinct platforms for superconductivity: natural and synthetic materials. The study of these artificial materials has greatly expanded in the past decade or so, with the discoveries of new forms of superfluidity in artificial heterostructures and the exploitation of proximitization. Natural superconductors continue to surprise through Fe-based pnictides and chalcogenides, and nickelates as well as others. This review presents a two-pronged investigation into such superconductors, with an emphasis on those that have come to be understood to belong somewhere between the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) and Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) regimes. The nature of this “crossover” superconductivity, which is to be distinguished from crossover superfluidity in atomic Fermi gases, is a focus here. Multiple ways of promoting a system out of the BCS and into the BCS-BEC crossover regime are addressed in the context of concrete experimental realizations. These involve natural materials, such as organic conductors, as well as artificial, mostly two-dimensional materials, such as magic-angle twisted bilayer and trilayer graphene, or gate-controlled devices, as well as one-layer and interfacial superconducting films. Such developments should be viewed as a celebration of BCS theory, as it is now clear that, even though this theory was initially implemented with the special case of weak correlations in mind, it can be extended in a natural way to treat the case of these more exotic strongly correlated superconductors.","PeriodicalId":21172,"journal":{"name":"Reviews of Modern Physics","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141091771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Editorial: Coauthor! Coauthor! 社论：共同作者合著者

IF 44.1 1区物理与天体物理

Reviews of Modern Physics Pub Date : 2024-05-21 DOI: 10.1103/revmodphys.96.020001

Randall D. Kamien, Daniel Ucko

引用次数: 0

Single-molecule scale magnetic resonance spectroscopy using quantum diamond sensors 利用量子钻石传感器进行单分子尺度磁共振光谱分析

IF 44.1 1区物理与天体物理

Reviews of Modern Physics Pub Date : 2024-05-08 DOI: 10.1103/revmodphys.96.025001

Jiangfeng Du, Fazhan Shi, Xi Kong, Fedor Jelezko, Jörg Wrachtrup

{"title":"Single-molecule scale magnetic resonance spectroscopy using quantum diamond sensors","authors":"Jiangfeng Du, Fazhan Shi, Xi Kong, Fedor Jelezko, Jörg Wrachtrup","doi":"10.1103/revmodphys.96.025001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/revmodphys.96.025001","url":null,"abstract":"Single-molecule technology stands as a powerful tool, enabling the characterization of intricate structural and dynamic information that would otherwise remain concealed within the averaged behaviors of numerous molecules. This technology finds extensive application across diverse fields including physics, chemistry, biology, and medicine. Quantum sensing, particularly leveraging nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers within diamond structures, presents a promising avenue for single-molecule magnetic resonance, offering prospects for sensing and imaging technology at the single-molecule level. Notably, while significant strides have been made in single-molecule scale magnetic resonance using NV centers over the past two decades, current approaches still exhibit limitations in magnetic sensitivity, spectral resolution, and spatial resolution. In particular, the full reconstruction of three-dimensional positions of nuclear spins within single molecules remains an unattained goal. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of the art in single-molecule scale magnetic resonance encompassing an analysis of various relevant techniques involving NV centers. Additionally, it explores the optimization of technical parameters associated with these methods. This detailed analysis serves as a foundation for the development of new technologies and the exploration of potential applications.","PeriodicalId":21172,"journal":{"name":"Reviews of Modern Physics","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140895419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Colloquium: Topologically protected transport in engineered mechanical systems 学术讨论会：工程机械系统中的拓扑保护传输

IF 44.1 1区物理与天体物理

Reviews of Modern Physics Pub Date : 2024-04-18 DOI: 10.1103/revmodphys.96.021002

Tirth Shah, Christian Brendel, Vittorio Peano, Florian Marquardt

引用次数: 0

Colloquium: Magnetotactic bacteria: From flagellar motor to collective effects 学术讨论会：磁动细菌：从鞭毛运动到集体效应

IF 44.1 1区物理与天体物理

Reviews of Modern Physics Pub Date : 2024-04-04 DOI: 10.1103/revmodphys.96.021001

M. Marmol, E. Gachon, D. Faivre

{"title":"Colloquium: Magnetotactic bacteria: From flagellar motor to collective effects","authors":"M. Marmol, E. Gachon, D. Faivre","doi":"10.1103/revmodphys.96.021001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/revmodphys.96.021001","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetotactic bacteria are swimming microorganisms able to follow magnetic field lines with the help of an organelle called the magnetosome that is made of biomineralized magnetic crystals assembled in a chain. In combination with this ability, these bacteria perform active oxygen sensing to reach the oxic-anoxic transition zone, which is often located in the upper part of the sediment. From a physicist’s perspective, magnetotactic bacteria can be seen at the interface between bacterial active matter and magnetic colloids, which gives them unique properties at both the individual and collective levels. In crowded media and/or when they are submitted to external flows, their motion can be efficiently driven by magnetic fields, which leads to surprising effects. In this Colloquium, the different features of magnetotactic bacteria at are reviewed at every scale, from single cell to collective motion, from simple to complex environments, and by emphasizing the differences from other bacterial species or passive magnetic colloids. The Colloquium concludes with a discussion of perspectives on using magnetotactic bacteria in active magnetorheology.","PeriodicalId":21172,"journal":{"name":"Reviews of Modern Physics","volume":"258 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140349443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The standard model effective field theory at work 标准模型有效场理论的工作原理

IF 44.1 1区物理与天体物理

Reviews of Modern Physics Pub Date : 2024-03-19 DOI: 10.1103/revmodphys.96.015006

Gino Isidori, Felix Wilsch, Daniel Wyler

{"title":"The standard model effective field theory at work","authors":"Gino Isidori, Felix Wilsch, Daniel Wyler","doi":"10.1103/revmodphys.96.015006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/revmodphys.96.015006","url":null,"abstract":"The striking success of the standard model in explaining precision data and, at the same time, its lack of explanations for various fundamental phenomena, such as dark matter and the baryon asymmetry of the Universe, suggest new physics at an energy scale that greatly exceeds the electroweak scale. In the absence of a short-range–long-range conspiracy, the standard model can be viewed as the leading term of an effective “remnant” theory (referred to as the SMEFT) of a more fundamental structure. In recent years, many aspects of the SMEFT have been investigated, and it has become a standard tool for analyzing experimental results in an integral way. In this review, after a presentation of the salient features of the standard model, the construction of the SMEFT is reviewed. The range of its applicability and bounds on its coefficients imposed by general theoretical considerations are discussed. Since new-physics models are likely to exhibit exact or approximate accidental global symmetries, especially in the flavor sector, their implications for the SMEFT are also discussed. The main focus of the review is the phenomenological analysis of experimental results. How to use various effective field theories to study the phenomenology of theories beyond the standard model is explicitly shown. Descriptions of the matching procedure and the use of the renormalization group equations are given, allowing one to connect multiple effective theories that are valid at different energy scales. Explicit examples from low-energy experiments and from high-<math display=\"inline\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><msub><mi>p</mi><mi>T</mi></msub></math> physics illustrate the workflow. Also commented upon are the nonlinear realization of electroweak symmetry breaking and its phenomenological implications.","PeriodicalId":21172,"journal":{"name":"Reviews of Modern Physics","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140183041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0