Proceedings of the 32nd International Symposium on Ballistics最新文献_第4页

COMPARING LEAD-BASED (CCI 41) AND LEAD-FREE (RUAG SINTOX) PRIMER PERFORMANCE IN 5.56MM NATO 比较含铅底漆(cci 41)和无铅底漆(ruag sintox)在5.56mm北约中的性能

Proceedings of the 32nd International Symposium on Ballistics Pub Date : 2022-05-09 DOI: 10.12783/ballistics22/36082

Elya R. Courtney, A. Courtney, M. Courtney

{"title":"COMPARING LEAD-BASED (CCI 41) AND LEAD-FREE (RUAG SINTOX) PRIMER PERFORMANCE IN 5.56MM NATO","authors":"Elya R. Courtney, A. Courtney, M. Courtney","doi":"10.12783/ballistics22/36082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12783/ballistics22/36082","url":null,"abstract":"Previous work identified significant problems with lead-free primers reliably igniting propellant charges in 5.56 mm NATO and other cartridges. These problems include high incidence of misfires, increased barrel friction, and long ignition delays. To date, no lead-free primer has been identified which meets NATO ignition requirements and works with a range of propellant types after prolonged exposure to humidity. Ruag SINTOX primers are marketed to meet NATO specifications, but it was unclear how they would respond to exposure to humidity commonly encountered in real-world environments. This paper reports results of performance and ignition delay testing of lead-free Ruag SINTOX and lead-based CCI 41 primers after exposure to typical indoor ambient humidity (40-60% relative humidity) and 100% relative humidity for 8 months (both at ambient temperature). Tests were performed using four propellant types: Alliant Blue Dot (a flake powder), Hodgdon H4895 (a cylinder powder), St. Mark's SMP842 (a flash suppressed ball powder), and the Ruag ball powder that the SINTOX primers are paired with in Ruag's lead-free ammunition. The Ruag lead-free SINTOX primer performed comparably to the CCI 41 lead-based primer in all tests and met the NATO specification for ignition delay (< 4 ms), even after 8 months of storage exposed directly to 100% humidity.","PeriodicalId":211716,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 32nd International Symposium on Ballistics","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129135768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

LABORATORY SIMULATION OF UNDERWATER BLAST WAVES BY HIGH SPEED WATER ENTRY 高速入水水下冲击波的室内模拟

Proceedings of the 32nd International Symposium on Ballistics Pub Date : 2022-05-09 DOI: 10.12783/ballistics22/36046

Joshua M. Courtney, A. Courtney, M. Courtney

{"title":"LABORATORY SIMULATION OF UNDERWATER BLAST WAVES BY HIGH SPEED WATER ENTRY","authors":"Joshua M. Courtney, A. Courtney, M. Courtney","doi":"10.12783/ballistics22/36046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12783/ballistics22/36046","url":null,"abstract":"A method is presented for simulating underwater blast waves for unconfined laboratory experiments. High speed water entry of projectiles can create ballistic waves that resemble underwater blast waves. This paper provides several practical examples of launching projectiles downward into a 1000L container of water, a method accessible in many laboratories. Resulting ballistic waves are measured with a piezoelectric pressure transducer. Results are reported for four projectiles: 1) A 4.5 mm diameter steel sphere fired from a pump “bb gun” impacting at 199 m/s. 2) A 7.82 mm diameter hardened lead sphere fired from a 30/30 rifle impacting at 345 m/s. 3) A 5.59 mm diameter lead hollow point bullet fired from a .22 LR rifle impacting at 389 m/s. 4) A 9 mm diameter jacketed hollow point pistol bullet fired from a service caliber pistol impacting at 397 m/s. In all cases presented here, the ballistic waves generated in high speed water entry might find experimental use as simulated underwater blast waves, depending on experimental requirements. Peak blast magnitude ranged from 400 kPa to 2500 kPa, and positive pulse duration ranged from 0.2 ms to 0.6 ms. Wave shape varied in quality.","PeriodicalId":211716,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 32nd International Symposium on Ballistics","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116675804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

DETERMINING THE LETHALITY OF A HAND GRENADE AGAINST PERSONNEL TARGET USING AVAL 用eval测定手榴弹对人员目标的杀伤力

Proceedings of the 32nd International Symposium on Ballistics Pub Date : 2022-05-09 DOI: 10.12783/ballistics22/36116

S. Walt, F. Smit, J. Maré, Jose Sequeira

引用次数: 0

EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION OF TNT EQUIVALENCE TO PE4 CHARGES USING A BLAST TEST DEVICE 用爆炸试验装置验证TNT与pe4炸药当量

Proceedings of the 32nd International Symposium on Ballistics Pub Date : 2022-05-09 DOI: 10.12783/ballistics22/36119

T. Pandelani, D. Reinecke, Silumko Hamilton

{"title":"EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION OF TNT EQUIVALENCE TO PE4 CHARGES USING A BLAST TEST DEVICE","authors":"T. Pandelani, D. Reinecke, Silumko Hamilton","doi":"10.12783/ballistics22/36119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12783/ballistics22/36119","url":null,"abstract":"A considerable amount of scientific effort has been expended over many decades on developing means of predicting the loading generated when a blast wave impact structures. The energetic output and the blast load associated with the detonation of a mass of high explosive will differ depending on the chemical composition of the explosive itself. It is therefore convenient to equate the effects of an explosive to TNT. The “TNT equivalent (TNTeq) ratio” refers to the mass ratio of the explosive in question that will produced equal peak overpressure to that equivalent mass of TNT. There is vast range of equivalency ratios for PE4 in the literature. However, there appears to be no research that determines effect of TNT equivalency of spherical shape of PE4 charge detonated on rigid ground surface This paper presents experimental measurements of reflected pressure-time histories from a series of well-controlled small scale blast tests. An investigation of TNT equivalent ratio of spherical PE4 charge detonation on rigid ground was performed using the Blast Test Device (BTD). Our results presented here clearly demonstrates that the TNTeq ratio of 1.37 is higher in the near field environment and TNTeq of 1.2 will be the best to produce blast wave by the hemispherical PE4 detonations on rigid surface. It is also better to compare the peak pressure rather that the injury caused by the pressure profile.","PeriodicalId":211716,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 32nd International Symposium on Ballistics","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134164300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

RESEARCH ON CRITICAL DETONATION VELOCITY OF INSENSITIVE EXPLOSIVE IMPACTED BY ROD-TYPE PROJECTILE 棒状弹丸冲击不敏感炸药的临界爆速研究

Proceedings of the 32nd International Symposium on Ballistics Pub Date : 2022-05-09 DOI: 10.12783/ballistics22/36058

Haobo Kang, Jianwei Jiang, Jiacheng Peng

{"title":"RESEARCH ON CRITICAL DETONATION VELOCITY OF INSENSITIVE EXPLOSIVE IMPACTED BY ROD-TYPE PROJECTILE","authors":"Haobo Kang, Jianwei Jiang, Jiacheng Peng","doi":"10.12783/ballistics22/36058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12783/ballistics22/36058","url":null,"abstract":"The numerical simulation on the initiation process of the covered insensitive explosive PBXN-109 impacted by tungsten rod-type armor piercing projectile was carried out by the shock physical explicit Eulerian dynamic software SPEED. The “up-down” method was used to obtain the projectile critical detonation velocity. The effects of projectile diameter, projectile length, shell thickness and charge material on the projectile critical detonation velocity were obtained. The research results show that the projectile critical detonation velocity decreases as projectile diameter increases. It first decreases and then becomes stable as projectile length increases. It increases linearly as shell thickness increases. The critical detonation velocity of PBXN-109 charge is significantly greater than that of Comp-B charge. Affected by the charge initiation mechanism, the velocity amplification increases as projectile diameter increases, and the maximum value can reach about 154%. Utilizing the insensitive explosive PBXN-109 as the warhead charge can effectively protect against the impact initiation of rod-type projectile.","PeriodicalId":211716,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 32nd International Symposium on Ballistics","volume":"160 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133102085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF TYPE 51 7.62MM BULLET PENETRATION TEST TO THE MINIBUS BODY AND ITS SIMULATED TARGET 51式7.62mm子弹对小客车车身及其模拟目标侵彻试验的实验研究

Proceedings of the 32nd International Symposium on Ballistics Pub Date : 2022-05-09 DOI: 10.12783/ballistics22/36201

Wei Wei, Haosheng Wang, W. Yan, Jinming Li, Jianzhong Wang

引用次数: 0

DESIGN OPTIMISATION FOR SHAPED CHARGE JET PERFORMANCE 聚能射流性能优化设计

Proceedings of the 32nd International Symposium on Ballistics Pub Date : 2022-05-09 DOI: 10.12783/ballistics22/36076

Luke Farnworth, D. Burton, Joseph Coll, J. Mellor, D. Holland

引用次数: 0

INFLUENCE OF FRICTION ON A DOUBLE CASED FRAGMENTING WARHEAD 摩擦对双壳破片战斗部的影响

Proceedings of the 32nd International Symposium on Ballistics Pub Date : 2022-05-09 DOI: 10.12783/ballistics22/36060

A. Helte, O. Andersson, P. Lundberg

{"title":"INFLUENCE OF FRICTION ON A DOUBLE CASED FRAGMENTING WARHEAD","authors":"A. Helte, O. Andersson, P. Lundberg","doi":"10.12783/ballistics22/36060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12783/ballistics22/36060","url":null,"abstract":"The interface condition between the different casings in a multi-cased fragmentation charge is essential for its fragmentation behaviour. In this study, a double cased controlled fragmentation charge with a smooth outer casing and an internal grooved inner casing is considered. In particular, the influence on friction between the inner and outer casing on the fragmentation behaviour is studied using numerical simulations and experiments. In the numerical simulations, the friction coefficient in the contact between the inner and outer casings is varied. Experiments on charges with different interface treatments between the casings are performed with various diagnostic tools in order to capture the deformation, fragmentation and acceleration of the casings. Three different interface treatments that give rise to different friction coefficients are tested; a shrink-fit joint, a thin layer of lubricant grease between the casings and a Teflon layer on the outside of the inner casing. It is found that the amount of friction between the casings influences both the deformation before fragmentation and the resulting shape of the fragment from the outer casing. For the highfriction conditions, one large and several small fragments are produced for each diamond on the inner casing. The low-friction condition results in long zigzag-shaped stripes of materials originating from the casing material closest to the grooves and many small fragments from the casing material between the grooves.","PeriodicalId":211716,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 32nd International Symposium on Ballistics","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122695832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

EXTREME TENSION WAVE: NECKING AND FRAGMENTATION 极端张力波:颈缩和碎裂

Proceedings of the 32nd International Symposium on Ballistics Pub Date : 2022-05-09 DOI: 10.12783/ballistics22/36074

Seokbin Lim, Philipp M. Baldovi, C. Rood

{"title":"EXTREME TENSION WAVE: NECKING AND FRAGMENTATION","authors":"Seokbin Lim, Philipp M. Baldovi, C. Rood","doi":"10.12783/ballistics22/36074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12783/ballistics22/36074","url":null,"abstract":"A typical cylindrical cased charge explosion has brought a great interest in the scientific community in terms of optimizing or prediction of fragmentation. The Mott’s theory has brought a scientific breakthrough in this area of study by providing an insight about the fragmentation behavior in rings or shells. This theory introduced a so-called ‘Mott’s wave’ during the sudden expansion of the cylinder, and thus, provides a clue to understand the size distribution of fragments during explosion. In this study, a series of hydrocode simulations with ANSYS Autodyn is used to identify the pressure profile in the high velocity necking area of metallic samples with the pull speed ranging 1~6km/s. The extreme tension pressure profile is evaluated by conservation equations based governing equations in the necking area. These equations provide a way to study the extreme sudden pull followed by necking and fragmentation. From a series of numerical observation, we were able to conclude that there is a high chance that cracks occur from the center of a sample during extreme tension, and the necking really is not the main driver of the crack formation during an extreme sudden pull.","PeriodicalId":211716,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 32nd International Symposium on Ballistics","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122953122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

IDENTIFICATION OF EXPERIMENTAL FORM FUNCTION USING LUMPED PARAMETERS INTERIOR BALLISTICS MODELS 集总参数内弹道模型的实验形式函数辨识

Proceedings of the 32nd International Symposium on Ballistics Pub Date : 2022-05-09 DOI: 10.12783/ballistics22/36080

R. Trębiński, Z. Leciejewski, Z. Surma, B. Fikus, Damian Szupieńko

引用次数: 1