Psychiatry Investigation最新文献

{"title":"Loneliness, Depression, and Subjective Memory Complaints in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: The Role of Meaning in Life.","authors":"Seung Chul Lee, Sungkun Cho, Yerin Shim, Dae-Hyun Yun, Taehyun Kim, Soo Rim Noh","doi":"10.30773/pi.2025.0326","DOIUrl":"10.30773/pi.2025.0326","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study examined whether depressive symptoms mediate the association between loneliness and subjective memory complaints (SMCs), and whether meaning in life (MIL) moderates this pathway, among middle-aged and older Korean adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 580 adults aged 41-71 years (mean age=58.80; 54.8% males). Participants completed measures of loneliness, depression, SMCs, and MIL. Mediation (PROCESS Model 4) and moderated mediation (Model 7) analyses were performed using 5,000 bootstrap resamples while adjusting for demographic covariates. Supplementary analyses examined MLQ subscales (Presence and Search for Meaning) and age-stratified models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Loneliness was significantly associated with depressive symptoms (β=0.523, p<0.001) and SMCs (β=0.131, p=0.008). Depression was also associated with SMCs (β=0.200, p<0.001) and partially mediated the loneliness-SMCs link (indirect effect=0.011; 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.006, 0.018]). The index of moderated mediation was significant (index=-0.0002, 95% CI [-0.0004, -0.0001]). MIL moderated the loneliness-depression association (interaction B=-0.005, p<0.001), with a stronger slope at low MIL (B=0.237) than at high MIL (B=0.148). Subscale analyses showed similar patterns for presence and search when tested separately, but neither showed a unique moderating effect when entered simultaneously. Age-stratified analyses showed depression mediated the loneliness-SMCs link only in older adults, whereas MIL attenuated the loneliness-depression association only in middle-aged adults.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Loneliness was associated with SMCs partly through depressive symptoms, and MIL may buffer this pathway. These mechanisms differed by life stage, with stronger evidence for depression as a mediator in later life than in midlife, suggesting age-tailored approaches targeting emotional distress and life purpose.</p>","PeriodicalId":21164,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Investigation","volume":"23 7","pages":"892-902"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13396274/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148580008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is Richard Baxter's Melancholia Still Relevant Today?: Comparative Network Structures of Depressive Symptoms in Asian Individuals With Guilt-Rich and Guilt-Free Depression.","authors":"Hong Seok Oh, Junghyung Kim, Jungsoo Park, Kiwon Kim, Eunkyung Kim, Jaechang Lee, Tae Young Choi, Sung-Won Jung, Hyung-Jun Yoon, Hyun Soo Kim, Eunsoo Moon, Hyun-Ju Yang, Narae Jeong, Heechan Yoon, Tian-Mei Si, Roy Abraham Kallivayalil, Andi J Tanra, Amir Hossein Jalali Nadoushan, Kok Yoon Chee, Afzal Javed, Kang Sim, Pornjira Pariwatcharakul, Takahiro A Kato, Shih-Ku Lin, Naotaka Shinfuku, Norman Sartorius, Seon-Cheol Park","doi":"10.30773/pi.2025.0371","DOIUrl":"10.30773/pi.2025.0371","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Historical theological frameworks, particularly those rooted in Christianity, have conceptualized guilt as a defining component of melancholy. This study compared the network structures of depressive symptoms in guilt-rich and guilt-free presentations of depression using a large-scale cross-national Asian dataset.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed data from the Research on Asian Psychotropic Prescription Patterns for Antidepressants, Phase 3 (REAP-AD3), which included patients with depressive disorders from 11 Asian countries. Network analysis was used to estimate symptom interactions and identify the central symptoms in each group. Participants were dichotomized according to the presence or absence of prominent guilt symptoms, as determined by the \"feeling bad about yourself\" item of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The network structures of the two groups differed substantially. In the guilt-rich group, depressed mood was the central node that was closely linked to self-blame. By contrast, the guilt-free group exhibited centralized networks with a loss of energy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Variations in symptom network structures can be partly explained as broadly consonant with early ideas of Richard Baxter and Robert Burton on melancholia. Clinically, symptoms related to moral judgment and self-criticism may indicate potentially different specific therapeutic attention from individuals with significant guilt. Conversely, for those without pronounced guilt, interventions targeting physical and motivational symptoms such as fatigue might inform hypothesis-driven treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":21164,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"861-872"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13396280/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148252899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caregiver Neuroticism Amplifies the Effect of Cognitive Impairment Severity on Caregiver Burden Among Dementia Caregivers.","authors":"Bo Lim Lee, ChanGyung Kim, Jihye Heo, Hee Won Yang, Dongheon Lee, Jeong Lan Kim, So Yeon Jeon","doi":"10.30773/pi.2026.0014","DOIUrl":"10.30773/pi.2026.0014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Caregiver burden shows substantial variability across caregiving contexts. This study examined whether caregiver personality traits, particularly neuroticism, moderate the associations between care-recipient factors such as cognitive impairment severity and neuropsychiatric symptoms, and caregiving-related outcomes including overall burden and symptom-related distress.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cross-sectional data from 214 care-recipient and caregiver dyads attending a geriatric psychiatry clinic were analyzed. Cognitive impairment severity was assessed using the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR), and neuropsychiatric symptoms were measured with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). Caregiving-related outcomes were evaluated using the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) and the NPI distress (NPI-D). Caregiver personality traits were assessed with the Big Five Inventory-Korean version. Linear regression models tested associations between care-recipient factors and caregiving-related outcomes, and multiple linear regression models examined moderation by caregiver personality using interaction terms, adjusting for caregiver age, sex, and cohabitation status.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Caregiver neuroticism significantly moderated the associations between cognitive impairment severity and both overall caregiving burden and symptom-related distress by amplifying these associations (CDR×neuroticism interactions: ZBI, B [standard error, SE]=7.948 [3.387], p=0.020; NPI-D, B [SE]=4.498 [1.383], p=0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Caregiver neuroticism appears to be a key modifier of how cognitive impairment severity translates into overall caregiving burden and symptom-related distress. Incorporating caregiver personality assessment may improve risk stratification and inform more personalized support approaches for caregivers of individuals with cognitive impairment.</p>","PeriodicalId":21164,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Investigation","volume":"23 7","pages":"913-920"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13396266/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148579981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Preliminary Study on the Efficacy and Safety of a Novel Digital Therapeutic Device: A Randomized Clinical Trial in South Korean Pediatric Patients With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.","authors":"Semin Oh, Sejeong Lee, Hyunwook Lee, Chul Jo, Junwon Kim, Chan-Mo Yang, Bung-Nyun Kim, Min-Sup Shin","doi":"10.30773/pi.2025.0396","DOIUrl":"10.30773/pi.2025.0396","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders in children. As digital therapeutics (DTx) emerge as adjuncts to traditional ADHD treatment, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of a novel game-based DTx (ADAM-101) in pediatric ADHD. We hypothesized that adding ADAM-101 to pharmacotherapy would improve ADHD symptoms and attention more than pharmacotherapy alone. This study represents one of the first multicenter DTx trials conducted in South Korea.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective, multicenter, open-label randomized clinical trial enrolled 54 children aged 7-12 years with ADHD. Participants were assigned to an intervention group (pharmacotherapy+ADAM-101) or a control group (pharmacotherapy only). The intervention group used ADAM-101 for 25 minutes per session, five times a week, for 4 weeks. Primary outcomes were the Korean ADHD Rating Scale (K-ARS) and the Advanced Test of Attention (ATA). Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) scales were used as secondary outcome measures. Safety was assessed via vital signs, electrocardiography, and adverse event reporting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with control, the intervention group showed significantly greater improvement in parent-rated K-ARS (Cohen's d=1.07) and the auditory ATA Sensitivity Index (d=0.61). No significant differences were observed in visual ATA measures. CGI scales also favored the intervention group (CGI-Improvement d=1.57; CGI-Severity d=1.05). No serious adverse events were reported.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ADAM-101 as an adjunct to pharmacotherapy showed preliminary benefits in clinician- and parent-rated symptom severity and auditory attention, without significant safety concerns. Larger confirmatory trials are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":21164,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"851-860"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13396264/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148252850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emotion- and Region-Specific Gaze Differences in Parents of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder.","authors":"Jinyi Huang, Xin Zheng, Litao Shu, Shunhua Zhang","doi":"10.30773/pi.2025.0285","DOIUrl":"10.30773/pi.2025.0285","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study examined gaze behavior during emotional face processing in parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and assessed whether their visual attention patterns differ from those of parents of typically developing children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-five parents of children with ASD and 35 matched parents of typically developing children participated. Using an eyetracking paradigm, we analyzed gaze allocation across 2 key facial regions while processing 4 emotional expressions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis revealed no main effect of parents of children with ASD in gaze metrics, however, the interaction effect results of entry time group×areas of interest group showed parents of children with ASD showed a selective increase in attention to the mouth specifically for threat-related emotional faces (angry and fearful).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings provide evidence for an emotion- and region-specific pattern of gaze allocation in parents of children with ASD. These interaction-based findings, characterized by small effect sizes, suggest that gaze differences in parents of children with ASD are specific to certain facial regions and emotional expressions, rather than reflecting a generalized attentional difference. Future research should investigate the underlying mechanisms of these gaze patterns and their implications for real-life social dynamics, including parent-child interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":21164,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"873-882"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13396265/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148272699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Machine Learning-Based Model for Classifying Depression Using Physiological and Psychological Indicators.","authors":"Sooah Jang, Jinsoo Park, HyunKyung Shin, Miwoo Lee, Vin Ryu, Minji Bang, June-Ho Seo, Tae Hui Kim, Young-Chul Jung, Manjae Kwon, Jeong-Ho Seok","doi":"10.30773/pi.2025.0472","DOIUrl":"10.30773/pi.2025.0472","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to develop and evaluate machine learning-based models for classifying depression symptoms using salivary hormone markers (cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone [DHEA]) and psychological indicators from depression screening devices, and to determine the extent to which salivary hormone markers contribute to depression symptom classification.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two models were developed, a multi-class classification (four degrees of depression) and a binary classification model (normal vs. depression), using psychological indicators that assess depression symptoms, protective and vulnerability factors, and physiological indicators including salivary cortisol and DHEA. Each model was evaluated both with and without physiological indicators. Data from 368 individuals were used for model training, with 92 individuals reserved for independent testing. Out of 36 variables, including psychological indicators from the PROtective and Vulnerable factors battEry test and physiological markers (e.g., salivary cortisol and DHEA), 24 non-demographic variables with independent contributions were selected, excluding demographic information. To ensure model robustness, overfitting risks were mitigated using k-fold cross-validation, class weight balancing, and grid search optimization. Model performance was evaluated based on accuracy, precision, recall, and receiver operating characteristic values.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The multi-class classification model achieved 85.9% and 76.1% accuracy with and without physiological indicators, respectively. The binary classification model (depression presence or absence) achieved 97.8% accuracy both with and without physiological indicators.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The machine learning models demonstrated high accuracy in depression classification, showing a noteworthy improvement in classification performance when integrating psychological and physiological markers. Future clinical trials will be conducted to secure additional clinical data to verify the model's reliability and clinical validity.</p>","PeriodicalId":21164,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Investigation","volume":"23 7","pages":"837-850"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13396281/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148579993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sexual Satisfaction in Psycho-Oncology Patients: Characteristics and Correlates.","authors":"C Hyung Keun Park","doi":"10.30773/pi.2025.0438","DOIUrl":"10.30773/pi.2025.0438","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Quality sexual relationships predict higher marital satisfaction and lower emotional distress in cancer patients. However, no studies have investigated the sexual satisfaction of patients visiting a psycho-oncology clinic. In this study, I examined characteristics of non-respondents to a sex-related question and identified characteristics and correlates of sexual satisfaction in patients visiting a psychooncology outpatient clinic in a tertiary hospital in a sex-stratified format.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>For 417 female and 169 male, those who answered the single sexual satisfaction item of the Functional Assessment of the Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G) were categorized as \"respondents,\" and others as \"non-respondents\" by sex. After adjusting for age, cancer diagnosis, and time after diagnosis, sex-stratified linear regression models were established using the FACT-G except the sexual item and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Female were 1.466 times more likely to decline to answer about sexual satisfaction. Older patients, and female with active diseases or recent chemotherapy, also tended to avoid answering. Among female and male, 24.5% and 26.0%, respectively, reported no sexual satisfaction, with no between-sex difference. Lower age, a longer time since diagnosis, greater social/family well-being, and lower depressive symptoms for female and greater physical well-being for male contributed to sexual satisfaction.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Psycho-oncologists should sensitively address sexual issues among older female in poor health. Paying equal attention to sexual issues for both sexes is necessary. For recently diagnosed older female with lower social/family well-being and higher depressive symptoms and male experiencing lower physical well-being, sexual issues should be thoroughly assessed.</p>","PeriodicalId":21164,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Investigation","volume":"23 7","pages":"921-929"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13396275/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148579976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 in Psychiatric Outpatients With PTSD.","authors":"Dayeon Lee, Soorack Ryu, Joo Eon Park, Won-Hyong Kim, Daeho Kim","doi":"10.30773/pi.2026.0085","DOIUrl":"10.30773/pi.2026.0085","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Accumulating evidence suggests that the latent structure of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms may be more differentiated than the four-factor model proposed in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). While expanded factor models have been supported in trauma-exposed and community samples, their applicability in clinically diagnosed psychiatric outpatient populations remains unexplored. This study aimed to evaluate and compare competing DSM-5-based PTSD factor models in a general adult psychiatric outpatient sample using the Korean version of the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (K-PCL-5).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Psychological data were obtained from 229 adults who were first-visit psychiatric outpatients diagnosed with PTSD or probable PTSD at a university hospital in South Korea. PTSD symptoms were assessed using the K-PCL-5. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were conducted to compare eight competing PTSD models, including one- and two-factor models, the DSM-5 four-factor model, and alternative multidimensional models (dysphoria, dysphoric arousal, externalizing behavior, anhedonia, and hybrid). Models were estimated using the weighted least squares mean- and variance-adjusted estimator for ordinal data. Model fit was evaluated using multiple fit indices.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The DSM-5 four-factor model demonstrated a borderline fit. All alternative multidimensional models showed improved fit relative to the DSM-5 model. Among them, the seven-factor hybrid model provided the best overall fit, followed by the six-factor anhedonia and externalizing behavior models. One- and two-factor models demonstrated poor fit.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PTSD symptoms in Korean adult psychiatric outpatients are better represented by expanded multidimensional factor models than by the DSM-5 four-factor model. These findings support the clinical applicability of post-DSM-5 expanded PTSD models and highlight the need for further validation across diverse clinical populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":21164,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Investigation","volume":"23 7","pages":"930-936"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13396283/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148580024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Indebtedness Affects Social Anxiety Among Chinese University Students: The Moderating Role of Renqing in the Mediation of Psychological Inflexibility.","authors":"Jing Zhang, Yifan Wang, Hongyu Liang, Xiaoyu Li, Yunna A","doi":"10.30773/pi.2025.0281","DOIUrl":"10.30773/pi.2025.0281","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Social anxiety serves as a significant indicator of poor interpersonal adaptation among university students. This study explores the relationship between indebtedness and social anxiety, along with the underlying mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 547 Chinese university students (mean=19.33, standard deviation=1.95) participated in the study by completing questionnaires, including the Trait Indebtedness Scale, Social Avoidance and Distress Scale, Acceptance and Action Questionnaire, Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire, and Renqing Questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results revealed that indebtedness positively predicted social anxiety among university students. Psychological inflexibility was found to mediate the relationship between indebtedness and social anxiety. Furthermore, only the renqing norm played a crucial moderating role, significantly enhancing the relationship between indebtedness and psychological inflexibility. However, this effect varied notably across individuals, depending on their levels of indebtedness.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study underscores the importance of the facilitating role of indebtedness on social anxiety and its underlying mechanisms. Particularly under the moderation of renqing norm, the ways in which indebtedness exacerbates psychological inflexibility and subsequently leads to social anxiety exhibit certain differences among individuals with varying levels of indebtedness.</p>","PeriodicalId":21164,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"903-912"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13396284/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148252882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temperament Subtypes and Psychopathology Among Clinically Referred Juvenile Offenders.","authors":"Ryuyeon Ahn, Yong-Sil Kweon","doi":"10.30773/pi.2025.0363","DOIUrl":"10.30773/pi.2025.0363","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To identify temperament-based subtypes and psychopathological profiles among court-referred juvenile offenders to inform individualized assessment and intervention strategies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seventy-two offenders were assessed using junior temperament and character inventory (JTCI) (novelty seeking, harm avoidance, and reward dependence). Subtypes were identified via two-step cluster analysis and compared using Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Adolescent-Restructured Form (MMPI-A-RF) scores.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three stable subgroups emerged: relationship-dependent conformist (Cluster 1; 25.0%), isolated internalizing risk (Cluster 2; 38.9%), and impulsive externalizing risk (Cluster 3; 36.1%). Cluster 1 showed minimal psychopathology. Clusters 2 and 3 both exhibited elevated psychopathology relative to Cluster 1, including comparable elevations in thought dysfunction and ideas of persecution. However, the two high-risk clusters differed in their relative profiles: Cluster 2 showed higher social withdrawal (elevated introversion/low positive emotionality), whereas Cluster 3 demonstrated relatively greater behavioral disinhibition, reflected in elevated behavioral/externalizing dysfunction, antisocial behavior, and disconstraint.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Temperament-based subtyping reveals clinically meaningful heterogeneity even among offenders with similar levels of distress. Integrating JTCI and MMPI-A-RF enhances assessment precision and supports tailored forensic interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":21164,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Investigation","volume":"23 7","pages":"945-952"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13396267/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148580001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}