Psychological Reports最新文献

{"title":"Raven's Matrices: What do They Really Measure? Implications for Clinical Practice and Diagnosis.","authors":"Cristiano Mauro Assis Gomes, Douglas de Araújo Vilhena, Ângela Maria Vieira Pinheiro","doi":"10.1177/00332941261480073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00332941261480073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inconsistent findings across studies on the factorial structure of Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices (CPM) undermine the validity of this widely used test in psychological, psychopedagogical, and neuropsychological assessments. This study examines these discrepancies by testing competing factorial models. We tested nine CPM factorial models in a sample of 1,088 students (50% male; mean age 9.4 years ± 2.6 SD) from Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Confirmatory factor analysis compared models and evaluated scalar invariance across sex and school year. Structural equation modeling tested the model's predictive capacity for word reading accuracy. As for the Results, a bifactor model, with one general factor (eduction) and two specific factors (intermediate and advanced levels), best represented the CPM's structure. This model demonstrated scalar invariance for sex and school year and predicted 18.9% of variance in word reading accuracy. In conclusion, our findings robustly support the bifactor structure's factorial validity for the CPM. Its factors meaningfully assess individual differences and predict outcomes, reinforcing the test's utility in clinical and educational settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":21149,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"332941261480073"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148875600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linking Exploitative Leadership to Time Theft: A Psychological Model of Hatred and Moral Disengagement.","authors":"Seemab Chaman, Sadia Shaheen, Shehla Zaman","doi":"10.1177/00332941261478827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00332941261478827","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examines the relationship between exploitative leadership (EL) and employee time theft (TT), with a particular focus on the mediating roles of hatred (HA) and moral disengagement (MD), and the moderating role of professional commitment (PC). Using survey data from 238 employees and managers in Pakistan's service sector, partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was employed to test the hypothesized relationships. The results indicate that EL is positively associated with TT (β = 0.205, <i>p</i> < .01)<b>,</b> both directly and indirectly through HA (indirect effect: β = 0.096, <i>p</i> < .01) and MD (indirect effect: β = 0.233, <i>p</i> < .001)<b>.</b> Specifically, EL significantly increases employees' feelings of hatred and levels of moral disengagement, which in turn are linked to higher engagement in time theft. Furthermore, professional commitment moderates these relationships such that the positive effects of EL on HA (β = -0.172, <i>p</i> < .001) and MD (β = -0.197, <i>p</i> < .001)<b>,</b> and ultimately TT, are weaker among employees with higher levels of PC. This suggests that while exploitative leadership contributes to unethical behavior, its impact is partially buffered by employees' professional values. Overall, the findings provide empirical support for Conservation of Resources (COR) theory by demonstrating that resource depletion processes and individual differences jointly shape employee responses to negative leadership, while also indicating that the practical effect sizes are meaningful but not large. The study highlights the importance for organizations to recognize and address exploitative leadership and to foster professional commitment during recruitment and development to reduce unethical workplace behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":21149,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"332941261478827"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148866799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subclinical Social Anxiety and Paranoid Tendencies in University Students: The Role of Cognitive Biases.","authors":"Ayşegül Barak Özer, Beyza Erdoğan Aktürk, Aslı Enzel Koç, Aydın Kurt","doi":"10.1177/00332941261484076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00332941261484076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Subclinical paranoia and social anxiety frequently co-occur in non-clinical populations, yet the cognitive mechanisms underlying their association remain unclear. This study examined whether social anxiety severity is associated with paranoid tendencies among university students and whether cognitive biases account for this association. University students (N = 123) completed measures of social anxiety (LSAS), delusion-like experience endorsement (PDI), and cognitive biases (DACOBS and CBQp). Bivariate correlations, hierarchical regression, and cross-sectional mediation (indirect-effects) analyses were conducted, with age and sex included as covariates in the regression and mediation models. Results indicated that higher social anxiety was associated with higher levels of paranoid ideation and higher cognitive-bias scores. Regression and mediation models using total DACOBS and CBQp scores further showed that maladaptive cognitive biases were significantly associated with paranoid ideation and statistically accounted for the association between social anxiety and paranoia. The findings support a dimensional account in which maladaptive cognitive biases are linked to both social anxiety and subclinical paranoid thinking in university students.</p>","PeriodicalId":21149,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"332941261484076"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148865139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Challenge of Meaningful Comparison: Assessing the Relation Between Social Comparison Orientation and Meaning in Life.","authors":"Luc Vieira, Diego Garcia-Rabines, Florian Cova, Jordane Boudesseul","doi":"10.1177/00332941261480093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00332941261480093","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Social comparison processes play a central role in social cognition, but their relation to meaning in life remains unclear. We conducted an integrative analysis of three online studies with American, Indian, Peruvian, and French participants. After harmonizing the study-specific datasets, we examined whether social comparison orientation was associated with search for meaning and presence of meaning. Higher social comparison orientation was consistently associated with greater search for meaning, including after adjustment for age, gender, country, and presence of meaning. This association was positive in each of the four national samples. In contrast, social comparison orientation was not consistently associated with presence of meaning. Exploratory analyses indicated heterogeneity in the magnitude of these associations across national samples, but this heterogeneity could not be attributed directly to individualism-collectivism because cultural orientation was not measured and measurement equivalence was not fully supported. Overall, these findings identify social comparison orientation as a consistent correlate of the active search for meaning in life.</p>","PeriodicalId":21149,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"332941261480093"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148851430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Does Brief Mindfulness Training Influence Neurophysiology During Working Memory in Musicians With Music Performance Anxiety?","authors":"Kayla Boileau, Nicole Stanson, Elena Bakker, Angela Katherine Boland, Umara Hansen, Kheana Barbeau, Gilles Comeau, Andra Smith","doi":"10.1177/00332941261484083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00332941261484083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Musicians rely on working memory to perform but this can be impacted by performance anxiety. This exploratory study examined whether a mindfulness training program would show beneficial effects on working memory in musicians with music performance anxiety (MPA). Twenty musicians underwent fMRI while performing a common working memory task, a letter n-back task (time 1). Ten of these musicians then participated in two weeks of mindfulness training, while the other ten did not. All participants then completed the same fMRI session two weeks later (time 2). The mindfulness group had significantly less neural activity than controls after the intervention in bilateral middle occipital gyri, bilateral lingual gyri, and in the right cuneus, suggesting improved attention regulation abilities. The mindfulness group also showed a significant reduction in activity following the mindfulness training in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and in the right supplementary motor area, suggesting enhanced attentional and cognitive efficiency. No differences were observed in the control group from pre-to post-training. These results suggest that the mindfulness group revealed more efficient working memory neural processing following mindfulness training. Results are preliminary and exploratory but do warrant replication and justify further investigation of mindfulness as a tool to help musicians with performance anxiety.</p>","PeriodicalId":21149,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"332941261484083"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148841173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distress, Not Ideology or Social Cognition, Predicts Recent Aggressive Acts in a Community Sample.","authors":"Oulmann Zerhouni","doi":"10.1177/00332941261483196","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00332941261483196","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We examined psychological, ideological, social-cognitive, and sociodemographic correlates of recent aggressive behavior using a brief aggression index. In a community sample of adults (N = 1,215), we regressed the aggression index on perceived stress, anxiety, depressive symptoms, perceived social support, mentalizing ability (Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test), right-wing authoritarianism, social dominance orientation, and contextual and demographic covariates, using ordinary least squares regression with heteroskedasticity-consistent standard errors. Perceived stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms were each positively and uniquely associated with aggression, and hierarchical analyses indicated that the distress block accounted for the largest share of explained variance. Mentalizing ability and the facets of right-wing authoritarianism were not uniquely related to aggression. Social dominance orientation, examined as a composite to avoid suppressor effects between its two highly correlated facets, showed a small inverse association that runs counter to theoretical predictions and that we interpret cautiously. Older age and higher education were associated with lower aggression, whereas being a man, higher subjective social status, higher socio-professional category, and a greater number of children in the household were associated with higher aggression. Robustness analyses, including robust regression and quantile regression, supported these conclusions. Current negative affect and stress emerged as the most consistent correlates of recent aggression, beyond ideology, social cognition, and background covariates. Framing aggression as recent behavior complements trait approaches and clarifies which individual differences are proximally associated with everyday aggression.</p>","PeriodicalId":21149,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"332941261483196"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148841183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Do You Feel After Daily Surveys? Patterns of Parent-Adolescent Connection During Daily Diary Participation.","authors":"Shi-Jane Ting, Shou-Chun Chiang, Ya-Feng Hung, Wan-Chen Chen","doi":"10.1177/00332941261484882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00332941261484882","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parent-adolescent connection is important for adolescent psychological well-being and development. However, limited research has investigated whether the desire for connection after completing daily surveys would vary over the study period, as well as whether desire would translate to everyday actions of connection initiation. This study examined the associations between study time and desire for connection as well as between desire for connection and next-day initiation of connection. Participants were 90 Taiwanese adolescents (<i>M</i>age = 15.62; <i>SD</i>age = 0.51; 60% female) and their primary caregivers (<i>M</i>age = 41.81; <i>SD</i>age = 4.09; 81% mothers) who completed a 14-day diary protocol. Results indicated that both adolescents and parents reported increasing levels of desire for connection after completing daily surveys across the study period. Moreover, on days when desire for connection was high, parents and adolescents were more likely to initiate connection on the following day. The findings are consistent with the possibility that completing daily surveys may heighten attention to parent-adolescent relationships, which in turn may be associated with greater desire for connection and subsequent connection initiation. This study highlights the need for further research on the potential benefits of participation in daily diaries.</p>","PeriodicalId":21149,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"332941261484882"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148841186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Group Favoritism in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders.","authors":"Esteban Vaucheret Paz, Martín Hyland, Mariana Leist","doi":"10.1177/00332941261481784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00332941261481784","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>People tend to evaluate more positively the members of their group. This study examined this behavior in autistic children to better understand the strategies they use when making decisions in a group context. We included129 participants who watched four videos and were divided into three groups: adults, children-with-ASD and children-without-ASD. Video 1 shows a soccer player from the participant's country scoring a goal by handling the ballwith the hand. Video 2 shows a similar situation, but in this case against the participant's national team. Videos 3 and 4 showed two similar goals scored by the Argentine soccer players Diego Maradona and Lionel Messi. After watching them, participants expressed their opinions about what had happened. Children-with-ASD expressed negative opinions in Videos 1 and 2 (<i>p</i> = .36), whereas adults (<i>p</i> = .007) and Children-without-ASD (<i>p</i> < .001) expressed more negative opinions in Video 2. In Videos-3 and 4, adults preferred Maradona's goal while the group of children with ASD and children-without-ASD preferred Messi's goal (<i>p</i> < .001). Children-with-ASD did not show group favoritism when the choice involved moral judgment. Autistic children seem to focus more on the protagonist's behavior, while people without ASD focus not only on the characteristics of the protagonist but also on the social context in which the event occurs.</p>","PeriodicalId":21149,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"332941261481784"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148831914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hidden Harm in Young Relationships: Sociodemographic and Temporal Patterns of Gaslighting Exposure.","authors":"Zuzana Vančová, Juraj Martonyik","doi":"10.1177/00332941261481778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00332941261481778","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gaslighting is a form of psychological abuse that undermines trust in one's own judgment and memory. It has been linked to depression, anxiety, self-doubt and confusion. However, empirical evidence on the occurrence and characteristics of gaslighting exposure among young adults remains limited. This study examined gaslighting exposure among university students and its associations with sociodemographic factors and temporal characteristics (age at gaslighting experience and duration of exposure) using the Gaslighting Relationship Exposure Inventory (GREI). A total of 217 participants (127 local and 90 international students) completed the GREI and provided information on age at gaslighting experience, duration of exposure, gender, nationality, and residential background. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression, independent-samples t-tests, and Spearman rank-order correlations. A substantial proportion of participants (83.9%) reported at least some level of gaslighting exposure, suggesting that psychologically manipulative behaviours may not be uncommon in romantic relationships during emerging adulthood. At the same time, this finding may partly reflect the operational definition of \"any exposure\" used in the present study. Higher GREI scores were associated with later age at gaslighting experience and longer duration of exposure, whereas gender, nationality, and residential background were not significant predictors in the regression model. However, unadjusted group comparisons showed longer exposure among women, international students, and urban participants. Later age at gaslighting experience was also associated with longer duration of exposure. These findings provide initial insight into patterns of gaslighting exposure among university students and highlight the importance of understanding gaslighting during emerging adulthood, particularly within the relational contexts in which it occurs. Greater awareness of gaslighting may facilitate recognition of such dynamics and access to appropriate sources of support when needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":21149,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"332941261481778"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148831873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Path Analysis Linking Baseline Autonomic Tone to Bulimic Tendencies: The Statistical Mediating Role of Emotional Over-control and the Association With Body Mass Index.","authors":"Sara Guidotti, Alice Fiduccia, Rosanna Sanseverino, Daniele Chirco, Emma Carli, Carlo Pruneti","doi":"10.1177/00332941261480087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00332941261480087","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined how baseline autonomic tone (resting skin conductance level, SCL) relates to emotional over-control and bulimic tendencies (i.e., binge eating propensity), as well as their cross-sectional correlation with body mass index (BMI). The Eating Disorder Inventory-3 (EDI-3) was used to assess emotional over-control (EDI-3-OC) and bulimic tendencies/binge eating propensity (EDI-3-B). Baseline autonomic tone was evaluated by measuring the logarithmic value of resting SCL (log-SCL). Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as an anthropometric correlate. By controlling for gender and age, the Path Analysis showed that baseline log-SCL was negatively associated with emotional over-control (EDI-3-OC) (B = -3.08; <i>p</i> = .05), which, in turn, was positively associated with bulimic tendencies (EDI-3-B) (B = 0.26; <i>p</i> < .001). Additionally, emotional over-control (EDI-3-OC) statistically mediated the association between baseline log-SCL and EDI-3-B (Sobel Z = -1.90; <i>p</i> = .05) (F = 8.80, <i>p</i> < .001, R² = 0.40). Finally, EDI-3-B showed a positive cross-sectional association with BMI (B = 0.34; <i>p</i> < .001) (F = 13.63, <i>p</i> < .001, R² = 0.37). Our findings reveal statistical associations linking baseline autonomic hypoarousal, emotional over-control, and bulimic tendencies in university students. These cross-sectional patterns highlight the interplay between physiological baseline states and cognitive over-control, though longitudinal and experimental stress paradigms are required to establish temporal causality.</p>","PeriodicalId":21149,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"332941261480087"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148814037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}