Psychological Reports最新文献

{"title":"An Investigation Into the Unconscious Influence of Mortality Salience Upon Sentencing Decisions.","authors":"Bethan Robinson, Daniel R Stubbings, Joseph L Davies, Deiniol Skillicorn","doi":"10.1177/00332941241295971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00332941241295971","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to explore if unconscious awareness of death influences the harshness of offender sentencing. According to Terror Management Theory death is anxiety-provoking, and self-esteem and a belief in a shared cultural worldview keep anxiety at bay. When these factors are challenged then death awareness increases. These dynamics could be relevant in a court setting in which judges have to make decisions regarding offenders who may have different world views and in cases that trigger the awareness of mortality. We used subliminal priming to activate the awareness of death and recorded the effect it had on decision-making against a hypothetical offender. Participants (<i>N</i> = 303) were recruited and randomly assigned to either an experimental mortality condition or a neutral control condition. Analysis revealed that death-related subliminal priming brought about harsher sentencing effects than the control. The results suggest that subconscious awareness of death may bias decision-making when sentencing.</p>","PeriodicalId":21149,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"332941241295971"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142506939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mental Health Among First-Year Students Transitioning to University in Australia: A Longitudinal Study.","authors":"Louise M Farrer, Hayley M Jackson, Amelia Gulliver, Alison L Calear, Philip J Batterham","doi":"10.1177/00332941241295978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00332941241295978","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives:</b> Young people attending university for the first time may be at heightened risk of experiencing mental health problems. However, limited research has examined the mental health experiences of this cohort using longitudinal methods. This study aimed to examine mental health symptoms prior to commencing university, estimate changes in symptoms over the course of the first semester of study, and identify factors associated with initial symptom levels and changes. <b>Methods:</b> Australian first-year undergraduate students (<i>N</i> = 340) were recruited via social media and participated in a four-wave online longitudinal study conducted between February and June 2021. Symptoms of depression, anxiety, and psychological distress were assessed at each wave, along with psychosocial and lifestyle factors. Demographic characteristics were assessed at baseline. <b>Results:</b> Latent growth curve models indicated no significant linear change over time for depression (<i>p</i> = .26) or anxiety (<i>p</i> = .83) symptoms. However, a significant effect of time was observed for psychological distress (<i>p</i> = .03), indicating higher distress levels at wave 3 compared to baseline (<i>p</i> = .004). Financial stress, pressure to succeed, difficulty coping, greater loneliness, and more negative social interactions were each significantly associated with higher baseline depression, anxiety, and distress scores. Only greater loneliness and more negative social interactions were found to be associated with a greater increase in depression over time. <b>Conclusion:</b> The findings indicate that transition to university was not generally associated with an increase in poor mental health. However, several factors were associated with poorer mental health immediately prior to university commencement. Assisting students to manage financial distress, facilitating the development of social connections among students with limited social networks and skills training targeting coping and the development of realistic academic expectations may help support student mental health and promote improved wellbeing during transition to university.</p>","PeriodicalId":21149,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"332941241295978"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142506941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Solution-Focused Group Counseling on Emotional Eating Levels in University Students: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Merve Saritas, Özge Sukut","doi":"10.1177/00332941241293697","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00332941241293697","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Emotional eating is a risk factor for obesity. It should be recognized and prevented at an early stage. The randomised control trial study aimed to determine the effect of internet-based solution-focused short-term group counseling on emotional eating levels in nursing students. Sixty students were assigned to the experimental and control groups by simple random sampling method. Those in the experimental group received of solution-focused counseling, and those in the control group received of healthy nutrition training. The data analysed by chi-square test, paired sample <i>t</i> test, groups <i>t</i>-test and repeated groups Anova test. A <i>p</i>-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. A statistically significant difference was found between the pre-test, post-test and follow-up test body mass indexes of those in the experimental group (<i>p</i> < .05). In addition, there was a statistically significant difference between the group's pre- and post-test emotional eating scores (<i>p</i> < .05), and no statistically significant difference was found between their Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale scores (<i>p</i> > .05). The short-term solution-focused approach was found to be effective in reducing the emotional eating levels of students.</p>","PeriodicalId":21149,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"332941241293697"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142473525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Child's Externalizing and Internalizing Problems and Caregiver Strain: Mediation of Child's Executive Functions.","authors":"Sandra Brezetić, Silvija Ručević","doi":"10.1177/00332941241295981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00332941241295981","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of the study is to explore the role of child's executive functions in the relation between child's externalizing and internalizing problems and caregiver strain in early school age children. The caregiver strain refers to providing nurture and care for a dependent family member. A sample includes 175 caregiver-child dyads and 36 school teachers. Participants completed the Family Strain Index which measures caregiver strain or burden (caregivers), the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire which measures child's externalizing and internalizing problems (teachers), and behavioral tasks that measure executive functions (children). Using structural equation modelling, the analysis resulted in a full mediation of the child's externalizing problems on the caregiver strain by child's executive functions. However, the association of child's internalizing problems with caregiver strain has not been confirmed. These results indicate that better child's executive functions buffer the negative effect of child's externalizing problems on caregiver perceived burden. Based on these results, we can suggest that interventions should be focused on programmes to improve the child's executive functions in the family and educational context, along with caregiver training aimed at providing emotional and social support, or individual therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":21149,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"332941241295981"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142506940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychometric Properties and Measurement Equivalence of the Workplace Incivility Scale Across Cultures: Insights from Daily Diary Study.","authors":"Mujahid Iqbal, Maryum Bibi, Yu Yan, Shuai Yuan, Sumaira Mubarik","doi":"10.1177/00332941241293669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00332941241293669","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite extensive research on workplace incivility, little attention has been given to its validation in culturally distinct contexts such as China and Pakistan. This study aims to bridge this gap by investigating the psychometric properties of the workplace incivility scale within these cultural frameworks. Additionally, it seeks to explore the cross-cultural measurement equivalence of the workplace incivility scale between these two diverse settings using a daily diary study design. The sample consisted of employees from service-providing organizations in China and Pakistan. Data was collected through snowball sampling, resulting in responses from 100 Chinese and 115 Pakistani employees over 10 consecutive workdays. Analysis of the daily responses, encompassing 748 from Chinese and 833 from Pakistani workers, indicated successful validation of the scale within both populations. This demonstrates the transferability of the concept of incivility to these cultural contexts. An integral aspect of this study is the consideration of potential cultural variations in workplace uncivil behavior. The validation and measurement equivalence of the scale for the core construct serves as essential infrastructure supporting such research endeavors.</p>","PeriodicalId":21149,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"332941241293669"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142473607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To Leave or to Stay? Research on the Double-Edged Sword Effect of Illegitimate Tasks on Employee Turnover Intention.","authors":"Jia Yang, Jin Han, Shilin Huang, Haishen Huang","doi":"10.1177/00332941241293664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00332941241293664","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose:</b> This study explores the double-edged sword impact of illegitimate tasks on turnover intention and how this influence is manifested. <b>Design/methodology/approach:</b> Multisource data were collected from employees in different industries in South China at two points in time. The hypotheses were tested with hierarchical multiple regression analysis in combination with PROCESS macro-based bootstrapping. <b>Findings:</b> Illegitimate tasks can both weaken employees' turnover intention by triggering challenge stressor appraisal and enhance employees' turnover intention by triggering hindrance stressor appraisal. The research results confirm the double-edged sword effect of illegitimate tasks on employees' turnover intention. <b>Practical implications:</b> To mitigate employees' turnover intention and reduce turnover rates, organizational managers need to pay attention to the negative impact of illegitimate tasks and be concerned about employees' subjective cognition of these tasks. Additionally, organizations must optimize work design to reduce unnecessary tasks and assign unreasonable tasks to suitable employees. <b>Originality/value:</b> Based on the cognitive appraisal theory of stress, this study constructs a double-edged sword effect model. The results show that illegitimate tasks not only have negative impacts on employee turnover intention but also have potential positive impacts through two mediating pathways: challenge stressor appraisal and hindrance stressor appraisal. The research results indicate that illegitimate tasks have both a dark side and a bright side.</p>","PeriodicalId":21149,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"332941241293664"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142473526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Lies Beneath: A Development-Oriented Auditing Approach to Understand Organizations Beyond the Surface of Hard-Control.","authors":"Jorrick Beckers, José Hermanussen, Ronald Stevens, Ingrid van der Pluym","doi":"10.1177/00332941241283199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00332941241283199","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Auditing procedures aim to improve educational quality in vocational education and training. Auditing approaches often focus on checking for compliance to rules and standards. Through dialogue, development-oriented audits are thought to inspire soft-control, a form of control that aims to address what is beneath the surface of mere compliance. These kinds of audits offer opportunities to demonstrate ethical leadership as part of an ethical culture. It is expected that an ethical culture variables positively influence working climate variables and ultimately intrinsic motivation. In this study, conducted as part of the (Hermanussen et al., 2022) study, we employed structural equation modeling to test if model behavior and sanctionability positively influenced perceived autonomy, perceived relatedness, trust, and self-efficacy, and ultimately intrinsic motivation. The study was conducted at eight different Dutch secondary vocational education and training organizations including 1223 participants. Results demonstrate a good model fit, χ2 = .12, df = 3, <i>p</i> = .989, GFI = 1.00, AFGI = 1.00, and RMSEA <.001. All presumed effects were significant. The strongest effects include model behavior on autonomy (.49) and autonomy on intrinsic motivation (.45). Future research should employ designs and analyses that are able to account for a multilevel structure in educational organizations.</p>","PeriodicalId":21149,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"332941241283199"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142473527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contrasting Deficits in the Function of the Phonological Loop Between Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Reading Disability.","authors":"Hongyan Song, Wei Zhang, Jingmin Xu, Changting Ju, Xu Jiang","doi":"10.1177/00332941241291035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00332941241291035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and reading disability (RD) often co-occur. Impairments in the phonological loop of working memory are central to RD, but it is unclear whether this is linked to ADHD, especially in Chinese reading. Two experiments were conducted with Chinese children aged 7 to 12 (Experiment 1, <i>n</i> = 65; Experiment 2, <i>n</i> = 60). Immediate and delayed recognition paradigms were used to assess phonological encoding and rehearsal. Both the RD-only and comorbid (ADHD + RD) groups performed worse than the control and ADHD-only groups in response time and accuracy. Notably, the comorbid group performed similarly to the RD-only group, indicating that phonological loop deficits in comorbid children are likely due to RD, not ADHD. This highlights phonological loop function as the key to distinguishing between ADHD and RD.</p>","PeriodicalId":21149,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"332941241291035"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142392837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing the Scale of the Social Health Impact of War.","authors":"Mustafa Filiz, Sedat Hattatoğlu","doi":"10.1177/00332941241288832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00332941241288832","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Aim:</b> This study was conducted to develop the \"Scale of the Effects of War on Social Health\" to better understand the effects that news of have on individuals. <b>Method:</b> 389 adult individuals participated in the study. The scale was developed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses to test its structural validity.<b>Results:</b> As a result of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, the scale was found to consist of four dimensions: \"worry and despair\", \"concentration\", \"shame and guilt\" and \"anger and control\". The scale consists of a total of 16 statements. The calculated CR and AVE values show that the scale has a reliable structure. <b>Conclusion:</b> This study, conducted to determine the effect of war news on the social health of individuals, provides a scientific tool to identify and measure the potential effects of the frames reflected in mass media news during wartime on the social health status of individuals. The scale developed can contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the effects of war news on the people who are not directly involved in the war but listen or read the news.</p>","PeriodicalId":21149,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"332941241288832"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142392905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Cue-Response Mental Link: Its Critical Role in the Downregulation of Disgust by Perspective Taking Implementation Intention.","authors":"Patrick Gomez","doi":"10.1177/00332941241291030","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00332941241291030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Implementation intentions are if-then plans that create a mental link between a situational cue and a goal-directed response that people can form to help them achieve emotion regulation goals more effectively. The main goal of this study was to determine if forming the goal intention to not get disgusted together with a perspective taking implementation intention is more effective than forming the goal intention to not get disgusted that spells out the same perspective taking strategy but without linking it to the cue. Eighty-six female participants viewed disgusting, neutral, and pleasant pictures under four instructions: no emotion regulation instructions (CG), the goal intention to not get disgusted (GI), this goal intention furnished with the perspective taking regulation strategy (GI-PT), and this goal intention in tandem with the perspective taking implementation intention (PT-II). Compared with CG, GI, and GI-PT participants, PT-II participants showed a significantly larger decrease in disgust when seeing the disgusting pictures. This effect remained constant across repeated exposure to the critical contents and was larger among individuals who did not consciously try to reappraise the disgusting pictures than among individuals who consciously tried to reappraise them. Valence rating, arousal rating, and sympathetic activity did not significantly differ between conditions. We conclude that it is the if(situational cue)-then(goal-directed response) link created by forming the perspective taking implementation intention that accounts for the positive effect on disgust and not simply the information about the perspective taking behavior to adopt.</p>","PeriodicalId":21149,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"332941241291030"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142381583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}