Psychological Reports最新文献

{"title":"Focus on Opportunities and Adaptive Performance: The Importance of Distinguishing Between Subjective and Objective Performance Measures.","authors":"Lukasz Stasielowicz","doi":"10.1177/00332941241308517","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00332941241308517","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>People who perceive more opportunities in their occupational future often report better well-being and motivation. A positive correlation with performance has also been reported, but until now, only the relationship with two broad performance dimensions, task and contextual performance, has been examined extensively. Furthermore, performance ratings often rely on self-reports, which can be biased. The present study (<i>N</i> = 258) helps close these research gaps. First, it examines the relationship between focus on opportunities and a specific performance facet (i.e., adaptive performance). Second, performance is assessed both subjectively and objectively. The distinction proved critical. After adjusting for education, focus on opportunities was related to self-reported adaption to change, but there was no substantial evidence that focus on opportunities promotes objective adaptive performance. Thus, it cannot yet be recommended to use focus on opportunities in organizational and educational contexts for selecting and training highly adaptable employees or students.</p>","PeriodicalId":21149,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"4370-4398"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13530354/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142829774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Promoters and Barriers of Vaccine Hesitancy.","authors":"Mirko Duradoni, Anna Enrica Tosti, Giulia Colombini, Federica Masti, Alessio Luciano Licata, Patrizio Zanobini, Letizia Materassi, Andrea Guazzini","doi":"10.1177/00332941241302266","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00332941241302266","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This systematic review explores the psychological antecedents of Vaccine Hesitancy, a significant determinant of vaccination behavior. Following PRISMA guidelines, an extensive search was conducted starting from 1673 papers and resulting in 48 publications from various databases. The review identifies psychological factors, specifically cognitive, personality, experiential, and social factors contributing to hesitancy. Cognitive factors include health literacy, conspiracy beliefs, trust, and perceived risk. Personality traits such as extraversion, openness, and psychological capital impact hesitancy, while psychopathy increases it. Personal experiences, like perceived stress and racial discrimination, indirectly affect hesitancy. Social factors, including social relationships and norms, play a significant role in reducing hesitancy. Tailored interventions addressing these factors can enhance vaccine acceptance.</p>","PeriodicalId":21149,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"3583-3661"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142717008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding Cognitive Performance, Psychological Factors, and Personality Traits in Women Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence.","authors":"Antonio de Pádua Serafim, Thainá Cabanãs Ferreira, Fabiana Saffi, Ricardo S S Durães","doi":"10.1177/00332941241308776","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00332941241308776","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intimate partner violence (IPV) might increase the risk of depression, traumatic stress and affect cognitive performance. We analyzed the cognitive performance, psychological factors, and personality traits of 136 Brazilian women (<i>n</i> = 70 exposed to IPV and <i>n</i> = 66 non-exposed) aged 18 years or older. We utilized clinical interviews, the NEO Personality Inventory, and a neuropsychological testing battery. The statistical analyses employed moderation within variables, resulting in determination coefficients (<i>r</i>²) of 0.15 and 0.35. The husband was the primary aggressor, physical violence was the most frequent (90.6%). Women exposed to IPV exhibited more symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, neuroticism, difficulties in visual memory, and visuospatial abilities. The analysis indicated the influence of IPV, neuroticism, PTSD, and depression on the cognitive performance of the exposed to IPV.</p>","PeriodicalId":21149,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"4202-4222"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142869614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Mediating Influence of Psychological Flexibility and Self-Compassion on the Relationship Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Post-Traumatic Growth among Young Adults in India.","authors":"Jasmine Sachdeva, Ridhima Shukla","doi":"10.1177/00332941241302318","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00332941241302318","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Through the course of the last few decades researchers have observed that Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) can act as a breeding ground for transformative positive changes to develop in the face of adversity. This process of enhanced growth is systematically studied as 'Post Traumatic Growth' (PTG). Though there is an existing association between ACE and PTG, yet there is a paucity of studies that explores the mediating variables in this relationship. The current study aims to explore the role of self-compassion (SC) and psychological flexibility (PF) between ACE and PTG among Indian young adults. The study was conducted on 298 Indian participants who were in the age bracket of 18-25 years. The study variables were assessed using self-administered rating scales. Participants were screened for ACE using Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) Questionnaire. Additionally, Self-Compassion Scale (SCS-SF), Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II), Posttraumatic Growth Inventory- Short Form were other tools used. The results have indicated that both Psychological Flexibility and Self-Compassion mediate the relationship of ACE with PTG. The current findings have emphasized on the role of Psychological Flexibility and Self-Compassion in moving towards Post Traumatic Growth. These findings reassert that Psychological Flexibility and Self-Compassion are foundational to Acceptance Commitment Therapy and highly useful especially while working with trauma affected populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":21149,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"3795-3814"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142740380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Relationship Between Fear of Positive Evaluation and Social Anxiety: Mediating Role of Self-Focus.","authors":"Koray Akkuş","doi":"10.1177/00332941241305550","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00332941241305550","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent studies have shown that fear of positive evaluation (FPE) is closely associated with social anxiety. However, studies examining the unique role of FPE and investigating the nature of the relationship between FPE and social anxiety are limited. This article presents two studies to address this gap. The first study (<i>N</i> = 314) examines the individual role of FPE on social anxiety while controlling for fear of negative evaluation (FNE) and maladaptive cognitions. The second study (<i>N</i> = 342) investigates the mediating role of self-focused attention in the relationship between FPE and social anxiety. Results of Study 1 demonstrated that FPE explains additional variances in social anxiety above and beyond FNE and maladaptive cognitions. Study 2 found that self-focus mediates the relationship between FPE and social anxiety when FNE is controlled. The current findings highlight the critical role of FPE on social anxiety and provide valuable information on how FPE contributes to social anxiety.</p>","PeriodicalId":21149,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"3837-3850"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142801592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations Between Big-Five Personality Traits and Attitudes and Perception Towards Health Behaviours.","authors":"Kean Mun Lee, Jasmine Yin Yee Mun, E-Luan Choong, Steve M J Janssen","doi":"10.1177/00332941241302805","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00332941241302805","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite efforts to promote exercise and healthy diets, global prevalence of obesity continues to rise. This pervasiveness of obesity is alarming as it is a key contributing factor of ischemic heart disease, a leading cause of death worldwide. The issue of obesity is exacerbated in Malaysia, where 50.1% of all adults were considered obese in 2020. Given the severity of the issue, the identification of alternative factors to promote exercise becomes necessary. The current study examined how personality traits are related to perceptions and behaviours towards health. A total of 401 Malaysian university students completed questionnaires which assessed their demographics, health perceptions, and health behaviours. Additionally, the Big-Five Inventory was administered to examine personality traits. Regarding personality traits and their associations to behaviours: Conscientiousness was positively associated with Exercise Adherence and Healthy Diet but negatively with Fears Related to Exercise; Neuroticism had a positive relation with Perceived Lack of Resources and Fears Related to Exercise but a negative relationship with Adherence to Exercise; Extraversion only had a negative association with Healthy Diet; Agreeableness was negatively associated with Substance Use; and lastly, Openness had a positive relationship with Adherence to Exercise but a negative association with Perceived Lack of Resources. Further exploration on the impacts of attitudes and perspectives towards exercise and healthy diets would be beneficial in identifying alternative and potentially more effective approaches in promoting healthy behaviours.</p>","PeriodicalId":21149,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"3872-3896"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142807905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Clarified Examination of the Item Wording Effect: Item Valence (Good vs. Bad) Versus Semantic Framing (I Am vs. I Am Not).","authors":"Zdravko Marjanovic, Anna Louisa Maidens","doi":"10.1177/00332941241301353","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00332941241301353","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Item Wording Effect (IWE) in psychological testing describes how individuals respond differently to positively and negatively worded items. Previous IWE research faced challenges due to measures varying beyond item valence. This study aimed to address this problem by developing an inventory, the <i>Positive and Negative Descriptor Inventory</i> (PANDI), with items varying solely on valence. Semantic framing was manipulated to examine which factor (valence vs. framing) was more causal of the IWE. Using an online survey on Mechanical Turk, 336 Canadian participants responded to PANDI items in different experimental conditions. Results indicated that item valence had a bigger impact on IWE than semantic framing. PANDI-Good items in the Affirming Condition exhibited lower reliability but higher means and response variance than other groups, emphasizing the significant difference in how individuals interpret positive and negating inventory items. This study recommends using negatively worded items sparingly, and not using negating items at all.</p>","PeriodicalId":21149,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"4153-4168"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13530338/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142626958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Mediating Role of Post-Traumatic Growth in the Relationship Between Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and Psychological Well-Being.","authors":"Deniz S Yorulmaz-Demir, Nurhayat Kiliç-Bayageldi","doi":"10.1177/00332941261488371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00332941261488371","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to analyze the mediating role of post-traumatic growth in the relationship between post-traumatic stress disorder and psychological well-being among nursing students after the Kahramanmaraş Earthquake. This study, which was a descriptive cross-sectional design, included 345 participants (201 female and 144 male). It used the descriptive characteristics questionnaire form, the Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5, the Post-traumatic Growth Inventory, and the Psychological Well-being Scale to collect the research data one year after the Kahramanmaraş Earthquake. The mediating role of post-traumatic growth in the relationship between post-traumatic stress disorder and psychological well-being was tested using Hayes' PROCESS Macro Model 4. The findings showed that post-traumatic growth significantly mediated the relationship between post-traumatic stress disorder and psychological well-being (indirect effect = .158, 95% CI [.114, .207], K² = .30). Furthermore, post-traumatic stress disorder was negatively associated with psychological well-being, whereas post-traumatic growth was positively associated with psychological well-being. The mediation effect was of medium magnitude, indicating that post-traumatic growth partially buffered the negative impact of post-traumatic stress disorder on psychological well-being. In general, the study findings significantly contributed to the body of literature since they revealed that, even a year later, post-traumatic stress disorder negatively affected psychological well-being; however, post-traumatic growth positively predicted psychological well-being. Moreover, this study is among the first to demonstrate the buffering role of post-traumatic growth in mitigating the negative impact of post-traumatic stress disorder on psychological well-being one year after a major earthquake. These findings underscore the importance of implementing both coping-focused and growth-oriented interventions to promote long-term psychological well-being among earthquake survivors.</p>","PeriodicalId":21149,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"332941261488371"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149075968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual-Factor Mental Health Profiles Among Rural School Teachers in China: Associations With Sociodemographic, Occupational, Health Behaviors, and Psychosocial Factors.","authors":"Xian Zhao, Zhihua Li, Bingna Xu, Brendan Ross, Dongfang Wang","doi":"10.1177/00332941261488330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00332941261488330","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to identify heterogeneous profiles of school teachers in rural China and to examine whether these profiles differed across sociodemographic, work-related, health behavior, and psychosocial factors. Participants were 513 teachers from rural schools in Hunan Province, China (<i>M</i>_age = 28.84 years, <i>SD</i> = 9.80 years; 53.6% female). They completed self-report scales assessing negative mental health indicators (depression, anxiety, and loneliness), positive mental health indicators (life satisfaction, psychological capital, and perceived social support), and other psychosocial factors (neuroticism and perceived stress). They also reported their sociodemographic characteristics (sex, age, marital status, education level, and chronic physical illness), occupational factors (employment status, working seniority, and grade level taught), and health behaviors (exercise, smoking, alcohol consumption, and insomnia). A three-profile solution was identified as the optimal model based on latent profile analysis: complete mental health group (26.9%), vulnerable group (56.5%), and troubled group (16.6%). Multinomial logistic regression indicated that the profiles differed in socioeconomic status, exercise, insomnia, neuroticism, and perceived stress. These findings inform the development of targeted prevention strategies and intervention policies for rural school teachers' mental health profiles.</p>","PeriodicalId":21149,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"332941261488330"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149017446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Personality and Self-Efficacy for Illness Management in Cancer.","authors":"Tristen Peyser, Laura M Perry, Brenna Mossman, Kenneth Xu, Seowoo Kim, James B Moran, Michael Hoerger","doi":"10.1177/00332941261489522","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00332941261489522","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose:</b> Self-efficacy for illness management is increasingly recognized as important for outcomes in cancer. We examined whether the Big Five personality dimensions were associated with self-efficacy for illness management and hypothesized that patients who were less neurotic and more conscientious would have better self-efficacy. <b>Methods:</b> A total of 372 adults with cancer completed a cross-sectional survey that included the Mini-International Personality Item Pool (IPIP) and three subscales of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Self-Efficacy for Chronic Conditions: managing emotions, managing symptoms, and managing treatment and medication. Linear regressions were used to test the hypotheses, while controlling for covariates. <b>Results:</b> The personality and PROMIS self-efficacy measures demonstrated good evidence of reliability (Cronbach's alphas = .68 to .83). As hypothesized, lower neuroticism or higher conscientiousness were associated with higher levels of illness self-efficacy overall and on each of the three subscales (all <i>p</i>s < .001). Openness was associated with better overall illness self-efficacy (<i>p</i> = .024) and self-management of symptoms (<i>p</i> = .023). Extraversion was associated with better self-management of emotions (<i>p</i> = .022) and overall illness self-efficacy (<i>p</i> = .034). <b>Conclusions:</b> Personality was associated with illness self-efficacy for patients with cancer. As a part of multidisciplinary care teams, psychosocial experts can use these findings to help patients better manage their illness.</p>","PeriodicalId":21149,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"332941261489522"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149017596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}