Respirology最新文献

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence and the Diagnosis of Interstitial Lung Disease: Are We Ready for ChatMDT?!","authors":"Toby M Maher","doi":"10.1111/resp.70056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/resp.70056","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21129,"journal":{"name":"Respirology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144064476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fenestrated vs. Conventional Silicone Stents in Benign Central Airway Stenosis: Clinical Outcomes and Biomechanical Validation.","authors":"Qixia Wang, Runchen Wang, Zhiming Ye, Junming Chen, Yihua Xu, Wenjun Ye, Shiyue Li, Yu Chen","doi":"10.1111/resp.70046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/resp.70046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>Silicone stents are the gold standard for inoperable benign central airway stenosis but are often limited by complications. This study developed a self-made fenestrated silicone stent by perforating conventional stents and compared its efficacy with conventional stents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included 118 patients with benign central airway stenosis treated with fenestrated (n = 53) or conventional (n = 65) silicone stents between 2019 and 2023. Technical success, complication rate, patency time, and removal rate were compared between fenestrated and conventional cohorts using propensity score matching. Finite element analysis and computational fluid dynamics simulations were conducted to evaluate the equivalent stress, total deformation, static pressure, and turbulent intensity of fenestrated and conventional stents.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The PSM analysis included 35 patients with fenestrated stents and 35 with conventional stents. Stent insertion was successful in all cases. The cumulative incidence of overall complications (log-rank test p < 0.001), migration (log-rank test p = 0.006), granulation (log-rank test p = 0.006), and mucus retention (log-rank test p = 0.007) in the fenestrated group was significantly lower than in the conventional group. Fenestrated silicone stent was independently associated with a lower incidence of overall complications (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 0.23 [0.11-0.48]; p < 0.001), migration (aHR 0.15 [0.03-0.68]; p = 0.013), granulation (aHR 0.29 [0.13-0.63]; p = 0.002), and mucus retention (aHR 0.44 [0.20-0.94]; p = 0.034). Biomechanical analysis showed comparable equivalent stress and static pressure between fenestrated and conventional stents, while fenestrated stents exhibited increased localised flexibility and slightly higher turbulent intensity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Compared to conventional silicone stents, fenestrated stents offer longer patency, fewer complications, and improved biomechanical performance, without compromising the stent's structural integrity.</p>","PeriodicalId":21129,"journal":{"name":"Respirology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144031029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COPD and Lung Cancer: Shared Risks and Connections.","authors":"Fanny Wai San Ko","doi":"10.1111/resp.70044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/resp.70044","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21129,"journal":{"name":"Respirology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144034626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PMN-MDSCs Orchestrate the Immunosuppressive Microenvironment in the Lung and Are Associated With Clinical Outcome in Bronchiectasis.","authors":"Jielin Duan, Zhiwen Huang, Ying Jiang, Mo Xian, Wanjun Wang, Zhaowei Yang, Xu Shi, Nan Jia, Naijian Li, Bizhou Li, Zexuan Lian, Xiaoping Ning, Yubiao Guo, Haixiong Tang, Meihua Dong, Li He, Wenqing Yang, Renke Mo, Peiying Huang, Guan Yang, Ruchong Chen, LinLing Cheng, Jing Li","doi":"10.1111/resp.70045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/resp.70045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) participate in the progression of many diseases including chronic lung diseases. However, whether MDSCs are accumulated in the lung and how MDSCs orchestrate the pulmonary microenvironment in bronchiectasis remains unknown. Here, we aim to test a hypothesis that PMN-MDSCs are accumulated in the lung and play a role in creating an airway immunosuppressive milieu, thereby relating to clinical outcomes in bronchiectasis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining were performed for analysing the frequencies and presence of PMN-MDSCs, LOX-1⁺ neutrophils, and ARG-1⁺ PMN-MDSCs in PBMCs, sputum, and lung tissues. T-cell proliferation assays were established for evaluating the immunosuppressive activities of PMN-MDSCs. RNA sequencing was performed to investigate the underlying mechanism of PMN-MDSCs-mediated immunosuppression. The relationship of PMN-MDSCs with the time to next exacerbation and treatment response to antibiotic therapy was analysed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PMN-MDSCs are accumulated in the lung and blood in bronchiectasis patients compared to healthy individuals. The majority of neutrophils in the lung of bronchiectasis patients are LOX-1⁺ PMN-MDSCs. Mechanistically, PMN-MDSCs suppress T cell proliferation via secreting high levels of the enzyme arginase-1 (ARG-1). Notably, the frequencies of PMN-MDSCs in sputum negatively correlate with the time to next exacerbation in bronchiectasis patients. Additionally, antibiotic therapy dramatically decreases PMN-MDSCs frequencies in the airway of bronchiectasis patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that PMN-MDSCs accumulate and establish an immunosuppressive microenvironment in the lung via ARG-1 in bronchiectasis, which is associated with clinical outcome and response to antibiotic treatment, highlighting a potential role of PMN-MDSCs in bronchiectasis progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":21129,"journal":{"name":"Respirology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144031993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tackling a Lifetime of Risk for OSA.","authors":"Neeraj Mukesh Shah, Eui-Sik Suh","doi":"10.1111/resp.70025","DOIUrl":"10.1111/resp.70025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21129,"journal":{"name":"Respirology","volume":" ","pages":"380-381"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143617043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between the Visceral Fat-to-Muscle Ratio and Severe Exacerbation of COPD: A Prospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Yuanyuan Li, Lu Wang, Zhen Li, Tao Luo, Qi Sun, Henry S Lynn, Jianghong Dai","doi":"10.1111/resp.14883","DOIUrl":"10.1111/resp.14883","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>An imbalanced fat and muscle mass ratio might impact exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We investigated the association of visceral fat-to-muscle ratio (VMR) with severe COPD exacerbation requiring hospitalisation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective cohort study in COPD patients was performed along with the Xinjiang Multi-Ethnic Cohort study between May 2018 and December 2023. Baseline VMR was calculated from visceral fat area and muscle mass measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Numbers of COPD exacerbation hospitalizations were monitored. Associations between various variables and exacerbation were assessed by logistics regression and Zero-inflated Poisson regression analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 631 COPD patients were included, with 186 (29.48%) and 304 (48.18%) severe COPD exacerbation within 1 and 5 years, respectively. Compared with body mass index and other obesity indicators, VMR had stronger associations with severe exacerbation. A higher VMR was associated with increased risks of 1-year and 5-year exacerbation (odds ratio [OR] = 1.34 and 1.44, respectively). The subgroup female and overweight individuals showed a strong association (female OR = 1.89 and 1.99, overweight OR = 1.80 and 1.88, for 1 and 5-year exacerbation, respectively). The number of COPD exacerbation increased by 46% for each one-point VMR increase. These results remained unchanged in the sensitivity analyses after removing underweight patients or smoke influence, as well as in the competing risk analysis when considering other causes for death.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>VMR was a risk factors of severe COPD exacerbation. Proactive assessment of VMR might be helpful to guide management of COPD patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":21129,"journal":{"name":"Respirology","volume":" ","pages":"398-407"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143383060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comprehensive Review of Interstitial Lung Abnormalities.","authors":"Yuben Moodley, John A Mackintosh","doi":"10.1111/resp.70026","DOIUrl":"10.1111/resp.70026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Interstitial lung abnormalities (ILAs) represent radiological entities that comprise changes compatible with an interstitial process, occurring in individuals not suspected to have interstitial lung disease (ILD). The prevalence of ILAs ranges from 2.5% to 16.7% in lung cancer screening and population-based cohorts. ILAs have consistently been associated with mortality. Risk factors include older age, smoking, and genetic polymorphisms such as MUC5B. Progression of ILAs occurs in 20%-76% of cases over 2-6 years of follow-up. The clinical approach to ILAs involves risk stratification based on radiological features, extent of involvement, and associated clinical and physiological findings. ILAs pose a significant challenge in distinguishing inconsequential radiological findings from early ILD. This review summarises the current understanding of ILAs, including prevalence, risk factors, progression, associated biomarkers, and clinical management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":21129,"journal":{"name":"Respirology","volume":" ","pages":"385-397"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12060745/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143639649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Considerations for Causal Inference Studies.","authors":"Rachel E Foong, Don Vicendese","doi":"10.1111/resp.70018","DOIUrl":"10.1111/resp.70018","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21129,"journal":{"name":"Respirology","volume":" ","pages":"382-384"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12060746/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143634546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"My Lungs Have Feelings Too!","authors":"Peter Gerard Gibson","doi":"10.1111/resp.70011","DOIUrl":"10.1111/resp.70011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21129,"journal":{"name":"Respirology","volume":" ","pages":"446-447"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143543328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the Risk of Severe COPD Exacerbations: Balancing Between Fat and Muscle.","authors":"Felipe V C Machado, Kenneth Verboven, Frits M E Franssen","doi":"10.1111/resp.70008","DOIUrl":"10.1111/resp.70008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21129,"journal":{"name":"Respirology","volume":" ","pages":"373-375"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143449991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}