Reproduction最新文献

{"title":"Creatine promotes endometriosis progression by inducing M2 polarization of peritoneal macrophages.","authors":"Si-Man Chen, Yu-Kai Liu, Xiao-Qian Ma, Chun-Yan Wei, Ming-Qing Li, Xiao-Yong Zhu","doi":"10.1530/REP-24-0278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1530/REP-24-0278","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the growth of endometrium-like tissues outside the uterine cavity, with an unclear pathogenesis. Analysis of single-cell sequencing data revealed the pivotal role of peritoneal macrophages in the development of endometriosis. We noted significant creatine enrichment and synthesis in peritoneal macrophages of patients with endometriosis compared to women without endometriosis. To further investigate the mechanisms of creatine in endometriosis, we performed RNA sequencing and in vitro experiments. We found that creatine reprograms M2 polarization by enhancing matrix metalloproteinases and anti-inflammatory cytokines, which are involved in angiogenesis, fibrogenesis, cell adhesion, and tissue repair. The co-culture of creatine-treated macrophages promoted migration and fibrogenesis of endometrial stromal cells, as well as angiogenesis of HUVECs in vitro. In summary, this article reveals that creatine might polarize M2 macrophages, promoting the initiation, fibrosis, and angiogenesis of ectopic endometrial lesions, ultimately resulting in the development of endometriosis. These findings underscore the crucial immunomodulatory role of creatine in the pathogenesis of endometriosis, offering a promising target for therapeutic intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":21127,"journal":{"name":"Reproduction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142829679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Loss of PRICKLE1 leads to subfertility, aberrant extracellular matrix, and abnormal myometrial architecture in mice.","authors":"Emily R Roberts, Sornakala Ganeshkumar, Sumedha Gunewardena, Vargheese Chennathukuzhi","doi":"10.1530/REP-24-0344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1530/REP-24-0344","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Uterine leiomyomas (UL) are the most prevalent benign tumors of the female reproductive tract, originating from the myometrium and affecting over 75% of reproductive-age women. Symptoms of UL include pelvic pain, pressure, dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia, anemia, and reproductive dysfunction. Currently, there is no effective long-term pharmacotherapy for UL, making them the leading cause of hysterectomies in the United States. The lack of treatment options is attributed to the absence of accurate animal models and a limited understanding of UL pathogenesis. Previous research has shown the loss of repressor of element 1 silencing transcription factor/neuron-restrictive silencing factor (REST/NRSF) within the myometrium promotes UL pathogenesis. In addition, deletion of Rest in the mouse myometrium leads to a UL phenotype. PRICKLE1, also known as Rest-interacting LIM-domain Protein (RILP), is required for nuclear localization of REST and Wnt/planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling, making it a critical target for UL studies. In the context of PCP, smooth muscle cells in UL show abnormal organization, aberrant ECM structure, and expression levels, potentially influenced by PRICKLE1 loss. The exact role of PRICKLE1 and Wnt/PCP in UL pathogenesis remains unclear. To explore PRICKLE1's role in UL, we deleted Prickle1 using our myometrial-specific icre. Our findings demonstrate that Prickle1 loss in the myometrium results in a UL phenotype characterized by altered collagen expression, excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, aberrant smooth muscle cell organization, increased Esr1 and Pgr expression, and dysregulated Wnt/PCP signaling. This novel mouse model serves as a valuable preclinical tool for understanding UL pathogenesis and developing future pharmacotherapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":21127,"journal":{"name":"Reproduction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142829680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel insight into CD90 mesenchymal stem cell marker in mouse endometrial stroma during embryo implantation.","authors":"Anna O Gaidamaka, Alena D Alexandrova, Elina S Chermnykh, Zakhar R Starinnov, Marat S Sabirov, Yulia Y Silaeva, Ekaterina A Vorotelyak","doi":"10.1530/REP-24-0375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1530/REP-24-0375","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The endometrium is a dynamic tissue that undergoes significant changes during the reproductive cycle and pregnancy. Its high regenerative capacity is due to the presence of progenitor cells, which maintain tissue homeostasis. Previous studies have identified small populations of endometrial progenitor cells and investigated their role in tissue repair. However, the involvement of these cells in hormone-mediated changes in the endometrial stroma during decidualization and implantation has not been fully understood. In this study, we used CD90 as a potential marker for endometrial progenitor cells. We demonstrated that CD90+ cells have a higher clonogenicity and a lower proliferative potential than CD90-. The localization of this marker around the embryo during decidualization led us to hypothesize that CD90+ cells may be directly involved in preparing the endometrial stroma for implantation. The results demonstrated an increase in the percentage of CD90+ cells in the endometrium of pregnant mice compared to non-pregnant mice. Additionally, the embryos exhibited a greater ability to spread on CD90+ cells in vitro. Our data support the hypothesis that CD90+ cells play a functional role in implantation, although the exact hormone-dependent mechanisms require further investigation. Based on the subluminal localization of CD90+ cells, we suggested that the luminal epithelium maintains a CD90+ cell surface phenotype. Consequently, we established epithelial-mesenchymal organoids, and the localization of CD90 in these organoids resembled that observed in vivo. Overall, CD90+ cells demonstrate high clonogenicity and contribute to the preparation of the stroma for interaction with the embryo during the implantation process.</p>","PeriodicalId":21127,"journal":{"name":"Reproduction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142865528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH IN TRANS AND GENDER-DIVERSE PATIENTS: Gonadal tissue cryopreservation in transgender and gender-diverse people.","authors":"Chatchanan Ausavarungnirun, Kyle E Orwig","doi":"10.1530/REP-24-0253","DOIUrl":"10.1530/REP-24-0253","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>In brief: </strong>Gender-affirming treatments for gender dysphoria can impact fertility. This review describes the impact of gender-affirming treatments on fertility and options to preserve fertility in transgender or gender-diverse children, adolescents, and young adults.</p><p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Transgender individuals who pursue alignment with their gender identity through medical treatments or surgery face challenges to family building because the medical community lacks the understanding or infrastructure to serve the reproductive needs of transgender or non-binary people. Fertility preservation (FP) offers a crucial opportunity for the transgender community, enabling individuals to exercise autonomy over their reproductive choices. While fertility preservation has been extensively studied in other populations such as cancer patients, the unique biology and clinical care of transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) individuals have challenged the direct translation of what can be offered for cisgender individuals. Additionally, the FP services in transgender communities are reportedly under-utilized, despite the prevalent desire of TGD individuals to have children. This review aims to provide up-to-date information on the current standard of care and experimental FP options available to TGD individuals and their potential reproductive outcomes. We will also discuss the barriers to the success of FP utilization from both the biology/medical aspect and the perspectives of the TGD population. By recognizing the unique family-building challenges faced by TGD people and potential areas of improvement, appropriate adjustments can be made to better support fertility preservation in the TGD community.</p>","PeriodicalId":21127,"journal":{"name":"Reproduction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11623121/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142352910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IMPACT OF REAL-LIFE ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES ON REPRODUCTION: A contemporary review of machine learning to predict adverse pregnancy outcomes from pharmaceuticals, including DDIs.","authors":"Julie Gardella, Dimitri Abrahamsson, Judith Zelikoff","doi":"10.1530/REP-24-0183","DOIUrl":"10.1530/REP-24-0183","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>In brief: </strong>Clinical drug trials often do not include pregnant people due to health risks; therefore, many medications have an unknown effect on the developing fetus. Machine learning QSAR models have been used successfully to predict the fetal risk of pharmaceutical use during pregnancy.</p><p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Those undergoing pregnancy are often excluded from clinical drug trials due to the risk that participation would pose to their health and the health of the developing fetus. However, they often require pharmaceuticals to manage health conditions that, if left untreated, could harm themselves or the fetus. This can mean that such individuals take one or more pharmaceuticals during pregnancy, many of which have unknown reproductive effects. Machine learning models have been used to successfully predict a number of reproductive toxicological outcomes for pharmaceuticals, including transplacental transfer, US Food and Drug Administration safety rating, and drug interactions. Models use quantitative chemical and structural features of active compounds as inputs to make predictions concerning the outcome of interest using computational algorithms. Models are validated and evaluated rigorously with metrics such as accuracy, area under the receiver operator curve, sensitivity, and precision. Results from these models can be a potential source of valuable information for pregnant people and their medical providers when making decisions regarding therapeutic drug use. This review summarizes current machine learning applications to make predictions about the risk and toxicity of medication use during pregnancy. Our review of the recent literature revealed that machine learning quantitative structure-activity relationship models can be used successfully to predict the transplacental transfer and the US Food and Drug Administration pregnancy safety category of pharmaceuticals; such models have also been employed to predict drug interactions, though not specifically during pregnancy. This latter topic is a potential area for future research. In this review, no single algorithm or descriptor-calculation software emerged as the most widely used, and their performances depend on a variety of factors, including the outcome of interest and combination of such algorithms and software.</p>","PeriodicalId":21127,"journal":{"name":"Reproduction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142392833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"O-GlcNAc participates in the meiosis of aging oocytes by mediating mitochondrial function.","authors":"Chuwei Li, Zhang Qian, Hong Zhang, Xie Ge, Li Chen, Mengqi Xue, Ting Tang, Zhaowanyue He, Lu Zheng, Chun Cao, Kemei Zhang, Rujun Ma, Bing Yao","doi":"10.1530/REP-24-0138","DOIUrl":"10.1530/REP-24-0138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>In brief: </strong>O-GlcNAc plays an important role in many age-related diseases. This study shows that O-GlcNAc participates in oocyte aging and that reducing O-GlcNAc levels in aging oocytes improves oocyte quality.</p><p><strong>Abstract: </strong>With an increase in the mean age at parturition worldwide, female reproductive aging has become a key health problem. Advanced maternal age is reflected by decreased oocyte quality; however, the molecular mechanisms of oocyte aging are uncharacterized. O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc), a dynamic posttranslational modification, plays a critical role in the development of many age-related diseases; yet, it remains unclear whether and how O-GlcNAc participates in oocyte aging. Here, we found that global O-GlcNAc was elevated in normal biological aging mice oocytes (9 months), which were characterized by meiotic maturation failure and impaired mitochondrial function. Specifically, O-GlcNAc targeted the mitochondrial fission protein dynamic-related protein 1 to mediate mitochondrial distribution in the process of aging. Using the O-GlcNAcase (OGA) pharmacological inhibitor Thiamet-G and Oga knockdown (Oga-KD) to mimic the age-related high O-GlcNAc in young oocytes from 6-8 week-old mice mimicked the phenotype of oocyte aging. Moreover, reducing O-GlcNAc levels in aging oocytes restored spindle organization to improve oocyte quality. Our results demonstrate that O-GlcNAc is a key regulator of meiotic maturation that participates in the progression of oocyte aging.</p>","PeriodicalId":21127,"journal":{"name":"Reproduction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11623119/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142473596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IMPACT OF REAL-LIFE ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES ON REPRODUCTION: Rodent reproductive behavior among males and females after exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals.","authors":"Jacob R Maxon, Megan M Mahoney","doi":"10.1530/REP-24-0145","DOIUrl":"10.1530/REP-24-0145","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>In brief: </strong>The rodent reproductive behavioral control column of the hypothalamus and the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis are critical systems that regulate copulatory behaviors in both males and females. We review how endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), specifically phthalates, bisphenol A, and chemical mixtures, dysregulate appetitive and consummatory copulatory behaviors and their neuroendocrine substrates, using mouse and rodent models.</p><p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Sexual reproduction - from both physiological and behavioral perspectives - is dependent upon appropriate connections between a diverse, hormone-modulated network of neural regions. Importantly, these substrates are regulated by hormones across the lifespan from early development to adulthood, making them targets of EDCs. Rodents, such as mice and rats, are invaluable to the characterization of EDCs because of their sex-specific, stereotyped appetitive and consummatory reproductive behaviors. Phthalates, bisphenol A (BPA), and EDC mixtures pose a salient risk to the health of humans, wildlife, and livestock because these synthetic compounds are ubiquitous due to their widespread use in the mass production of consumer and industrial goods. This review outlines how the HPG axis regulates male and female sexual behaviors, and how phthalates and BPA can perturb appetitive and consummatory behaviors and impact neural substrates that modulate reproductive behavior. We will then discuss how to progress toward a clearer understanding of the reproductive and neurobiological changes that occur due to EDC exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":21127,"journal":{"name":"Reproduction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11655000/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142392834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IMPACT OF REAL-LIFE ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES ON REPRODUCTION: Systemic and ovarian impacts of heat stress in the porcine model.","authors":"Aileen F Keating, Jason W Ross, Lance H Baumgard","doi":"10.1530/REP-24-0217","DOIUrl":"10.1530/REP-24-0217","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>In brief: </strong>This review describes how heat stress causes systemic endocrine and metabolic alterations that contribute to intracellular ovarian perturbations, resulting in female infertility.</p><p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Heat stress (HS) in mammals results from an imbalance in heat accumulation and dissipation. Fertility impairments consequential to HS have been recognized for decades in production animals, and more recently, observations have been extended to other species, including women. There are several systemic impacts of HS that can independently affect reproduction, including metabolic endotoxemia, reduced plane of nutrition, and endocrine disruption. At the level of the ovary, molecular pathways are altered by HS, such as inflammation, JAK-STAT, PI3K, oxidative stress, cell death, and heat shock response. Taken together, impaired ovarian function contributes to seasonal infertility that results from HS. This review paper describes the physiological and endocrine systemic impacts of HS that may independently and collaboratively impair fertility in the porcine model. The review then details ovarian intracellular events that are altered during HS and finally determines future needs in this area of research.</p>","PeriodicalId":21127,"journal":{"name":"Reproduction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11623122/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142473597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A scoping review regarding reproductive capacity modulation based on alpha-ketoglutarate supplementation.","authors":"Bogdan Doroftei, Ovidiu-Dumitru Ilie, Sergiu Timofeiov, Ana-Maria Dabuleanu, Ioana-Sadyie Scripcariu, Romeo Micu, Elena Tataranu","doi":"10.1530/REP-24-0137","DOIUrl":"10.1530/REP-24-0137","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>In brief: </strong>Alpha-ketoglutarate is a common metabolite in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and is central in modulating the reproductive potential in animal models. The present scoping review systematically covers the spectrum of a wide range of evidence from different viewpoints, focusing on the underlying processes and mechanisms of the developmental framework, aiming to fill the gaps within the existing literature.</p><p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Alpha-ketoglutarate is an important intermediate molecule in the tricarboxylic acid cycle with a prominent role in distinct biological processes such as cellular energy metabolism, epigenetic regulation, and signaling pathways. We conducted a registered scoping review (OSF: osf.io/b8nyt) to explore the impact of exogenous supplementation on reproductive capabilities. Our strategy included evaluating the main research literature from different databases like PubMed-MEDLINE, Web of ScienceTM, Scopus, and Excerpta Medica dataBASE using a specific systematic layout to encompass all investigations based on experimental models and critically compare the results. Twenty-one studies were included in the main body of this manuscript, which revealed that exogenous supplementation induced dose- and sex-dependent modifications. This metabolite modulates the expression of pluripotency genes, thus controlling stem cells' self-renewal, differentiation, and reprogramming dynamics, while also alleviating structural transformations induced by exposure to heavy metals and other inhibitors. This significantly demonstrated a direct influence of alpha-ketoglutarate in mitigating oxidative stress and prolonging the lifespan, consequently supporting metabolic and endocrine adjustments. It influences oocyte quality and quantity, delays reproductive aging, and establishes an optimal competence framework for development with minimal risk of failure. Therefore, alpha-ketoglutarate is linked to improving reproductive performance, but further studies are needed due to a lack of studies on humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":21127,"journal":{"name":"Reproduction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11558802/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142073798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Real-life Environmental Exposures on Reproduction: Endocrine-disrupting chemicals, reproductive aging, and menopause.","authors":"Zane Cutright Inman, Jodi A Flaws","doi":"10.1530/REP-24-0113","DOIUrl":"10.1530/REP-24-0113","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>In brief: </strong>This review article highlights the associations between endocrine-disrupting chemicals, reproductive aging, and menopause. Collectively, the current literature indicates that phthalates, bisphenols, parabens, per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances, polychlorinated biphenyls, dioxins, and pesticides are associated with reproductive aging in women and animal models.</p><p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Menopause marks the end of a woman's reproductive lifetime and can have a significant effect on a woman's quality of life. Menopause naturally occurs at 51 years of age on average, but recent literature suggests that endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in our environment can accelerate reproductive aging, causing women to reach menopause at earlier ages. This is concerning as menopause can significantly alter a woman's quality of life and is associated with increased risks of conditions such as depression, osteoporosis, and cardiovascular disease. EDC exposures have also been associated with more intense menopausal symptoms, making the menopausal transition more difficult for some women. This review highlights the associations between EDC exposure, early menopause, and reproductive aging, using both epidemiological and experimental studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":21127,"journal":{"name":"Reproduction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11753258/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142120507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}