Reproduction最新文献

{"title":"Melatonin attenuates Drp1-mediated excessive mitochondrial fission through upregulation of SIRT1 in granulosa cells in polycystic ovary syndrome.","authors":"Jingyu Zhang, Yuting Zhang, Mengyun Li, Linhui Gao, Jidong Zhou, Liang Gao, Jianjun Zhou","doi":"10.1093/reprod/xaag041","DOIUrl":"10.1093/reprod/xaag041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In brief It remains unclear whether mitochondrial fission in granulosa cells contributes to polycystic ovary syndrome pathogenesis and mitochondrial dysfunction, and what role melatonin plays. This study elucidates the mechanism by which melatonin ameliorates mitochondrial function in polycystic ovary syndrome by suppressing excessive mitochondrial fission. Abstract Mitochondrial dysfunction in granulosa cells (GCs) has been implicated in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) pathogenesis. Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1)-mediated mitochondrial fission is critical for maintaining intact mitochondrial function. This study aims to investigate whether mitochondrial fission contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction in the GCs of individuals with PCOS and the molecular effects of melatonin on mitochondrial fission. Transmission electron microscopy of human GCs showed that the mitochondria exhibited a condensed and small spherical morphology with a tendency toward fragmentation in PCOS patients. At the molecular level, GCs from patients with PCOS presented significant increases in both the p-Drp1(Ser616)/(Ser637) ratio and mitochondrial fission factor (MFF). In a dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-induced PCOS-like mouse model, excessive mitochondrial fission in GCs was similarly observed, characterized by fragmented mitochondrial morphology via transmission electron microscopy and increased expression of the mitochondrion-localized Drp1 (mito-Drp1) protein. Similarly, in vitro experiments demonstrated that DHT treatment increased the expression of mito-Drp1, the p-Drp1(Ser616)/(Ser637) ratio, and MFF in KGN cells. Melatonin treatment effectively reversed these abnormalities, restoring mitochondrial morphology, reducing fission markers (mito-Drp1, the p-Drp1 ratio, and MFF), decreasing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, and enhancing mitochondrial membrane potential. Mechanistically, melatonin upregulated sirtuin-1, which restored the imbalance of Drp1 phosphorylation and blocked its MFF-dependent mitochondrial recruitment, thereby attenuating Drp1-mediated excessive mitochondrial fission. Our findings reveal a novel protective mechanism of melatonin in PCOS via the sirtuin-1-Drp1 signaling axis, offering a potential therapeutic target for PCOS management.</p>","PeriodicalId":21127,"journal":{"name":"Reproduction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147634091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pre‑stimulation follicle aspiration enhances ovarian response and oocyte competence via elevated intrafollicular IL‑17 in dairy cows.","authors":"Yaochang Wei, Dexiang Fan, Yong Wang, Yan Wang, Qingpeng Yu, Xiulian Hu Xuefeng Jiang, Xiaojiao Hu, Yongqiang Nie, Xuexiao Song, Yanfang Wu, Yongsheng Wang","doi":"10.1093/reprod/xaag055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/reprod/xaag055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The presence of a dominant follicle (DF) during ovarian stimulation (OS) for ovum pick-up (OPU) and in vitro embryo production (IVP) in cattle suppresses subordinate follicle growth, limiting oocyte yield and quality. While DF aspiration prior to OS is known to improve outcomes, its mechanism remains unclear. This study demonstrates that pre-stimulation follicle aspiration enhances OS efficacy not only by removing the DF's inhibition but also through a potentially beneficial procedural effect. We found that aspirating ovaries, with or without a DF, significantly increased the subsequent follicular response and was associated with improved oocyte developmental competence, which corresponded to higher cleavage and blastocyst rates. From a mechanistic perspective, the aspiration procedure was associated with elevated intra-follicular IL-17 concentration. In vitro, 40 ng/mL IL-17 promoted granulosa cell proliferation, enhanced steroid hormone synthesis including estradiol (E2) and progesterone (PROG), and inhibited apoptosis via regulating key genes: upregulating PCNA, CYP19A1, CYP11A1, and BCL2, while downregulating P53, BAX, and CASPASE3. Furthermore, supplementing IL-17 during oocyte maturation significantly enhanced blastocyst formation rate and quality, resulting in blastocysts with a higher inner cell mass ratio, increased total cell number, and reduced apoptosis. We conclude that pre-stimulation aspiration improves IVP outcomes by combining the relief of follicular dominance with an IL-17-associated enhancement of follicular function and oocyte developmental potential, proposing IL-17 as a potential mechanistic link.</p>","PeriodicalId":21127,"journal":{"name":"Reproduction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147857105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro embryo production alters spatial organisation of mesodermal and endodermal markers in elongating bovine conceptuses.","authors":"Sara Núñez-Torvisco, Ana Clara Canto Souza, Michael McDonald, Laura Thompson, Reintje van Wezel, Trudee Fair, Pat Lonergan","doi":"10.1093/reprod/xaag054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/reprod/xaag054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to characterise and compare cell lineage specification in the embryonic disc of elongating bovine conceptuses derived from artificial insemination (AI) or from in vitro-produced embryos, including fresh and cryopreserved blastocysts. Conceptuses were recovered on Day 16 of gestation, measured, and embryonic discs were dissected for whole-mount immunofluorescence using markers of epiblast, mesoderm, and endoderm lineages. Image analysis was performed to assess disc morphometry, epiblast cell number, and spatial organisation of lineage-specific markers. Conceptuses derived from artificial insemination were longer and exhibited larger embryonic discs compared to those derived following transfer of in vitro-produced embryos, particularly vitrified embryos, which showed reduced elongation and altered disc morphology. Epiblast cell numbers were lower in vitrified conceptuses but scaled proportionally with disc size across all groups. The initiation of gastrulation and hypoblast differentiation had occurred in most conceptuses, regardless of origin; however, in vitro-produced conceptuses displayed altered spatial organisation of mesodermal and endodermal markers, with less defined patterning compared to AI-derived conceptuses. These findings indicate that while key developmental processes are preserved, in vitro embryo production, especially when combined with cryopreservation, is associated with impaired elongation and disrupted spatial organisation of cell lineages during early development. Such alterations may contribute to reduced developmental competence and increased embryonic loss.</p>","PeriodicalId":21127,"journal":{"name":"Reproduction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147856977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"G-Quadruplex Stabilization Impairs Early Embryo Development by Impairing DNA Replication and Inducing R-Loops and DNA Damage Accumulation.","authors":"Ke Xu, Chao Li, Youhui Lu, Litao Yi, Qing-Yuan Sun, Tie-Gang Meng","doi":"10.1093/reprod/xaag057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/reprod/xaag057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>DNA damage or replication impairment can lead to developmental arrest of embryos. To ensure the smooth progression of early embryo development, precise genomic regulation is crucial. Among the regulatory elements of genomic integrity, G-quadruplex (G4), as an important non-B type DNA structure, is widely present in the genome and participates in gene expression regulation. However, the role of G4 structures in early embryonic development remain unclear. Here, we investigated the effect and mechanisms of the G4 stabilization by G4 ligands, pyridostatin (PDS) and Braco-19, on early mouse embryonic development. Our results showed G4 ligands treatment-induced excessive G4 stabilization leads to disrupted DNA replication, and transcription-replication conflicts contribute to elevated R-loop signals, causing an increase in the double-strand break, thereby causing early embryo arrest. These findings highlight the critical role of DNA G4 structures in early embryo cleavage.</p>","PeriodicalId":21127,"journal":{"name":"Reproduction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147842165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deciphering the Maternal Uterine Signals that Shape Placenta Development.","authors":"Jacob R Beal, Purba Mukherjee, Indrani C Bagchi, Milan K Bagchi","doi":"10.1093/reprod/xaag053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/reprod/xaag053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In humans and rodents, proper formation of a hemochorial placenta is essential for a successful pregnancy, as the placenta serves as the maternal-fetal interface that facilitates the exchange of nutrients, gases, and waste between the mother and the developing fetus. The fetal compartment of the placenta is formed by extraembryonic trophoblast cells that proliferate and differentiate into distinct lineages that play specialized roles during placental development. Trophoblast lineage development and function are highly dependent upon embryonic paracrine signaling and timely activation of transcription factors within the trophoblasts. However, recent studies have increasingly emphasized the critical role of maternal factors in regulating trophoblast differentiation and placental development. Notably, conditional knockout mouse models have demonstrated the essential contribution of maternal decidual expression of specific molecular signals in orchestrating these processes. In this review, we summarize the role of maternal uterine signals in shaping placental development. We examine the role of decidua-derived secreted factors in directing trophoblast lineage specification and promoting appropriate levels of trophoblast invasion. Additionally, we explore the crosstalk between maternal and fetal-derived signals that collectively regulate the extent and timing of trophoblast invasion into the uterine tissue. The interplay between maternal immune cells and trophoblasts is also discussed, with a focus on mechanisms that not only support immune tolerance to the semi-allogeneic placenta but also mediate trophoblast invasion and vascular remodeling. Finally, we consider the clinical implications of maternal influences on placentation, including the emerging potential of decidual extracellular vesicles as non-invasive biomarkers for pregnancy health and placental dysfunction.</p>","PeriodicalId":21127,"journal":{"name":"Reproduction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147842155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human Embryo Exosomal miR-143-3p Impairs Decidualization by Targeting KRAS.","authors":"Huajing Wanga, Qingyue Wu, Danhui Zuoa, Yuqing Fanga, Jiangtian Lia, Erqing Huanga, Xiaofang Dinga, Yan Zhua, Defeng Shua, Dan Luoa, Yi Liua, Ling Zhanga","doi":"10.1093/reprod/xaag052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/reprod/xaag052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite morphological selection, approximately 40% of transferable embryos fail to implant during in vitro fertilization, potentially due to aberrant embryo-maternal cross-talk. Pre-implantation embryos release extracellular vesicles into their microenvironment, which may participate in embryo-maternal communication. This study investigated the microRNA expression profiles of extracellular vesicles derived from pre-implantation human embryos and analyzed their functional effects on the decidualization of endometrial stromal cells. Extracellular vesicles were isolated from the spent culture media of Day 5 blastocysts associated with either successful clinical pregnancy or implantation failure. Sequencing and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction were performed to identify and validate differentially expressed microRNAs. Functional effects were assessed by measuring decidualization markers, while regulatory mechanisms were evaluated via Western blotting. We found that miR-143-3p expression was significantly upregulated in blastocyst-derived extracellular vesicles from the implantation failure group. Mechanistically, miR-143-3p hinders the decidualization process of endometrial stromal cells by targeting KRAS to inhibit its expression and suppress the downstream ERK/AKT signaling pathway. This study provides the first characterization of microRNA expression profiles in extracellular vesicles derived from pre-implantation embryos of in vitro fertilization patients, revealing a novel mechanism in embryo-maternal cross-talk. Our findings suggest that exosomal miR-143-3p acts as a negative regulator of decidualization via the KRAS-ERK/AKT axis and may serve as a promising biomarker for the non-invasive assessment of embryo implantation potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":21127,"journal":{"name":"Reproduction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147842210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lipid metabolism abnormalities induced by elevated PCSK9 in PCOS mice lead to ovarian granulosa cell apoptosis via AMPK and GSK-3β.","authors":"Wending Teng, Dan Zhao, Kaiyun Luo, Pan Zhang, Li Nie, Yicheng Wang","doi":"10.1093/reprod/xaag050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/reprod/xaag050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common reproductive endocrine disorder among women of childbearing age, significantly impacting their fertility needs. Granulosa cell apoptosis in the ovaries is one of the primary factors affecting follicular growth and development as well as oocyte maturation in PCOS, yet its pathological mechanisms remain unclear. Our previous research revealed that elevated PCSK9 expression in PCOS mice affects ovarian function. This study further investigated the relationship between PCSK9 overexpression and ovarian granulosa cells using PCOS model mice and primary follicles. Results demonstrated that elevated PCSK9 levels induce lipid metabolism abnormalities in PCOS mice, subsequently activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3β) within follicles. This activation triggers granulosa cell apoptosis, ultimately impairing ovarian function. This discovery enriches the understanding of the pathological mechanisms underlying ovarian granulosa cell apoptosis in PCOS and provides novel therapeutic insights and targets for clinical management of PCOS patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":21127,"journal":{"name":"Reproduction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147842223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electroacupuncture ameliorates Endometriosis-Associated ovarian dysfunction by activating Nrf2 pathway to upregulate GPX4 function and inhibiting ferroptosis.","authors":"Yan Zan, Xiaoquan Huang, Yu Zhuang, Qian Zhu, Junwei Li, Tiantian Ma, Liangjun Xia, Youbing Xia","doi":"10.1093/reprod/xaag051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/reprod/xaag051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endometriosis (EMs) is a common cause of ovarian dysfunction and infertility, closely linked to iron overload-induced oxidative stress and ferroptosis. While electroacupuncture (EA) has shown promise in treating reproductive disorders, its role in regulating ovarian ferroptosis in EMs remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of EA on ovarian function in a mouse model of EMs, which simulated the chronic pelvic hemorrhage observed in patients. Comprehensive evaluations were performed using hematoxylin-eosin staining, qRT-PCR, Western blot, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and biochemical assays to assess ovarian function, iron metabolism, oxidative stress, and ferroptosis-related markers. The results demonstrated that EA treatment significantly restored estrous cyclicity, increased ovarian weight and index, improved serum hormone levels, promoted multi-stage follicular development, and reduced follicular atresia. EA also alleviated ovarian iron overload and oxidative stress. Mechanistically, EA activated the Nrf2 pathway and its downstream targets, upregulated the anti-ferroptotic protein GPX4, suppressed the pro-ferroptotic factor ACSL4, and consequently reduced lipid peroxidation. In conclusion, this study reveals that EA mitigates granulosa cell ferroptosis and ameliorates EMs-induced ovarian injury by activating Nrf2 to enhance GPX4 activity and inhibit ACSL4-mediated lipid peroxidation. These findings provide experimental evidence supporting EA as a potential complementary therapy for EMs-related infertility.</p>","PeriodicalId":21127,"journal":{"name":"Reproduction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147842160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"N- Carbamoylglutamate enhances bull spermatogenesis via Paraprevotella-Mediated vitamin B6 biosynthesis in rumen microbiota.","authors":"Yueying Wang, Boqi Zhang, Caomeihui Shen, Maosheng Cao, Nan Wang, Tong Chen, Guitian He, Guangming Sun, Chuanghang Li, Yaqiu Li, Xuanqi Yin, Yanan Sun, Chunjin Li, Xu Zhou","doi":"10.1093/reprod/xaag049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/reprod/xaag049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>N-carbamoylglutamate (NCG), a functional analog of the arginine precursor, shows strong potential in enhancing spermatogenesis in bulls. In this study, dietary NCG supplementation significantly increased sperm density and motility in XiangXi yellow bulls, the local beef cattle. Metagenomic and serum metabolomic analyses revealed that NCG altered the composition of rumen microbiota, notably increasing the abundance of Paraprevotella and elevating serum vitamin B6 levels (p < .05), suggesting a possible microbiota-associated metabolic modulation underlying its reproductive benefits. To explore this mechanism, a busulfan-induced mouse model of impaired spermatogenesis was established. Mice received transplants of either rumen microbiota from NCG-treated bulls or the differential genus Paraprevotella. Both treatments alleviated reproductive damage and increased vitamin B6 levels in serum and testis. Mechanistic investigation indicated that Paraprevotella was associated with upregulated expression of 3-phosphoserine aminotransferase (SerC), a key enzyme involved in vitamin B6 biosynthesis. Subsequent vitamin B6 supplementation experiments showed increased testicular glutathione levels and reduced thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances level (TBARS, expressed as MDA equivalents). These experiments supported a contributory role of vitamin B6 in promoting spermatogenesis, including increased sperm count and enhanced expression of spermatogenic cell markers. In summary, this study demonstrated that NCG enhanced spermatogenesis in bulls by reshaping the rumen microbiota, particularly through enrichment of Paraprevotella, which was associated with increased systemic vitamin B6 levels and contributed to reproductive improvement. These findings provide further insights into the application of NCG in improving fertility in ruminants.</p>","PeriodicalId":21127,"journal":{"name":"Reproduction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147842184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selection for Developmental Speed Skews Sex Ratios and Metabolic Profiles in Bovine IVP Embryos.","authors":"Vijay Simha Baddela, Theres Fersterer, Ralf Pöhland, Fabiana de Andrade Melo-Sterza, Carolin L M Ludwig, Doreen Becker, Christa Kühn, Jens Vanselow","doi":"10.1093/reprod/xaag048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/reprod/xaag048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The developmental pace and sex ratio of preimplantation embryos have major implications for pregnancy outcome and herd replacement. We asked whether selecting embryos that develop faster preferentially captures distinct molecular and metabolic states and inadvertently affects the sex ratio in bovine in vitro produced (IVP) blastocysts. Hatching-stage blastocysts (pool of blastocysts undergoing and having completed the hatching process) developed on Day 7 and Day 8 of in vitro culture (IVC) were analyzed by RNA-sequencing, alongside assessments of lipid content, mitochondrial activity, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Sexing was performed via Y-chromosome multiplex PCR, and candidate genes were quantified by qPCR in individually sexed hatching-stage embryos. RNA-sequencing identified 192 differentially expressed genes. Notably, significantly higher expression of pregnancy recognition factors (IFNT2, IFNT3) and the trophoblast marker TKDP1, along with glycolytic, lipid transport genes was observed on Day 8. In contrast, hatching-stage blastocysts from Day 7 displayed upregulation of oxidative phosphorylation genes. Mitochondrial activity and ROS levels were comparable between groups, but Day 7 embryos contained significantly more lipids. Interestingly, sexing analysis revealed a significant male bias among these blastocysts on Day 7 (66.7%) and Day 8 (58.5%). Candidate gene expression analysis revealed sexually dimorphic regulation of UQCRC2 and developmental day-dependent regulation of ENO1, UQCRC2, HSP90B1, and APOA1. Collectively, these findings indicate that hatching-stage blastocysts developed on Day 7 and Day 8 of IVC represent distinct physiological states and demonstrate that selecting embryos for rapid development can inadvertently skew sex ratios and molecular profiles in bovine IVP embryos.</p>","PeriodicalId":21127,"journal":{"name":"Reproduction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147779627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}