Reports on Progress in Physics最新文献_第6页

Cancer as robust intrinsic state shaped by evolution: a key issues review 癌症是由进化塑造的强健的内在状态:关键问题综述

IF 18.1 1区物理与天体物理

Reports on Progress in Physics Pub Date : 2017-02-17 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aa538e

R. Yuan, Xiaomei Zhu, Gaowei Wang, Site Li, P. Ao

{"title":"Cancer as robust intrinsic state shaped by evolution: a key issues review","authors":"R. Yuan, Xiaomei Zhu, Gaowei Wang, Site Li, P. Ao","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/aa538e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/aa538e","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer is a complex disease: its pathology cannot be properly understood in terms of independent players—genes, proteins, molecular pathways, or their simple combinations. This is similar to many-body physics of a condensed phase that many important properties are not determined by a single atom or molecule. The rapidly accumulating large ‘omics’ data also require a new mechanistic and global underpinning to organize for rationalizing cancer complexity. A unifying and quantitative theory was proposed by some of the present authors that cancer is a robust state formed by the endogenous molecular–cellular network, which is evolutionarily built for the developmental processes and physiological functions. Cancer state is not optimized for the whole organism. The discovery of crucial players in cancer, together with their developmental and physiological roles, in turn, suggests the existence of a hierarchical structure within molecular biology systems. Such a structure enables a decision network to be constructed from experimental knowledge. By examining the nonlinear stochastic dynamics of the network, robust states corresponding to normal physiological and abnormal pathological phenotypes, including cancer, emerge naturally. The nonlinear dynamical model of the network leads to a more encompassing understanding than the prevailing linear-additive thinking in cancer research. So far, this theory has been applied to prostate, hepatocellular, gastric cancers and acute promyelocytic leukemia with initial success. It may offer an example of carrying physics inquiring spirit beyond its traditional domain: while quantitative approaches can address individual cases, however there must be general rules/laws to be discovered in biology and medicine.","PeriodicalId":21110,"journal":{"name":"Reports on Progress in Physics","volume":"266 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.1,"publicationDate":"2017-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79776974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 52

Rational design of vaccine targets and strategies for HIV: a crossroad of statistical physics, biology, and medicine 艾滋病毒疫苗目标和策略的合理设计:统计物理学、生物学和医学的十字路口

IF 18.1 1区物理与天体物理

Reports on Progress in Physics Pub Date : 2017-02-13 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aa574a

引用次数: 20

IF 18.1 1区物理与天体物理

Reports on Progress in Physics Pub Date : 2017-02-10 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aa5b0c

L. Greene, J. Thompson, J. Schmalian

{"title":"Strongly correlated electron systems—reports on the progress of the field","authors":"L. Greene, J. Thompson, J. Schmalian","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/aa5b0c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/aa5b0c","url":null,"abstract":"The Editorial Board for Reports on Progress in Physics (ROPP) is delighted to announce the publication of a special, focused, issue on ‘strongly correlated electron systems’ or ‘SCES’ containing mini review articles or ‘Report on Progress’ aimed at collectively surveying the status of the field. Strongly correlated electron matter is seen in over 40 classes of materials (including the cuprate and Fe-based high temperature superconductors, organic superconductors, heavy fermions, transition-metal di-chalcogenides, and general quantum critical materials) as pseudogap, electronic stripe, electronic nematic, heavy electron, temperature dependent or novel charge density wave behavior, or any non-Fermi liquid behavior. The understanding of the origin of these emergent collective behaviors represents perhaps the greatest unsolved problem in physics today. It is also widely accepted that finding the solutions to these problems is essential if definitive progress is to be made in the predictive design of functional SCES, such as high-temperature superconductors. This special issue examines the foundations, present status, and future prospects of the field of SCES at over 60 years old. In light of the recent remarkable progress of this field in materials growth, measurement, theory, computation, and our general understanding, this is an opportune time to bring the world’s experts together to remind us of the foundations, elucidate where we are now, and make bold and specific recommendations for the future to aid our progress in solving this complex and important question. We have collected a significant number manuscripts by many of the leading researchers in this area, in the hope that this special issue will provide a timely and valuable resource for the many researches now working in this field, and hope to entice more scientists into this intriguing area of research. L H Greene et al","PeriodicalId":21110,"journal":{"name":"Reports on Progress in Physics","volume":"153 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.1,"publicationDate":"2017-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74046420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Metamaterial, plasmonic and nanophotonic devices 超材料、等离子体和纳米光子器件

IF 18.1 1区物理与天体物理

Reports on Progress in Physics Pub Date : 2017-02-06 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aa518f

F. Monticone, A. Alú

{"title":"Metamaterial, plasmonic and nanophotonic devices","authors":"F. Monticone, A. Alú","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/aa518f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/aa518f","url":null,"abstract":"The field of metamaterials has opened landscapes of possibilities in basic science, and a paradigm shift in the way we think about and design emergent material properties. In many scenarios, metamaterial concepts have helped overcome long-held scientific challenges, such as the absence of optical magnetism and the limits imposed by diffraction in optical imaging. As the potential of metamaterials, as well as their limitations, become clearer, these advances in basic science have started to make an impact on several applications in different areas, with far-reaching implications for many scientific and engineering fields. At optical frequencies, the alliance of metamaterials with the fields of plasmonics and nanophotonics can further advance the possibility of controlling light propagation, radiation, localization and scattering in unprecedented ways. In this review article, we discuss the recent progress in the field of metamaterials, with particular focus on how fundamental advances in this field are enabling a new generation of metamaterial, plasmonic and nanophotonic devices. Relevant examples include optical nanocircuits and nanoantennas, invisibility cloaks, superscatterers and superabsorbers, metasurfaces for wavefront shaping and wave-based analog computing, as well as active, nonreciprocal and topological devices. Throughout the paper, we highlight the fundamental limitations and practical challenges associated with the realization of advanced functionalities, and we suggest potential directions to go beyond these limits. Over the next few years, as new scientific breakthroughs are translated into technological advances, the fields of metamaterials, plasmonics and nanophotonics are expected to have a broad impact on a variety of applications in areas of scientific, industrial and societal significance.","PeriodicalId":21110,"journal":{"name":"Reports on Progress in Physics","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.1,"publicationDate":"2017-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82869138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 145

Stochastic tools hidden behind the empirical dielectric relaxation laws 隐藏在经验介电松弛定律背后的随机工具

IF 18.1 1区物理与天体物理

Reports on Progress in Physics Pub Date : 2017-02-03 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aa5283

A. Stanislavsky, K. Weron

{"title":"Stochastic tools hidden behind the empirical dielectric relaxation laws","authors":"A. Stanislavsky, K. Weron","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/aa5283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/aa5283","url":null,"abstract":"The paper is devoted to recent advances in stochastic modeling of anomalous kinetic processes observed in dielectric materials which are prominent examples of disordered (complex) systems. Theoretical studies of dynamical properties of ‘structures with variations’ (Goldenfield and Kadanoff 1999 Science 284 87–9) require application of such mathematical tools—by means of which their random nature can be analyzed and, independently of the details distinguishing various systems (dipolar materials, glasses, semiconductors, liquid crystals, polymers, etc), the empirical universal kinetic patterns can be derived. We begin with a brief survey of the historical background of the dielectric relaxation study. After a short outline of the theoretical ideas providing the random tools applicable to modeling of relaxation phenomena, we present probabilistic implications for the study of the relaxation-rate distribution models. In the framework of the probability distribution of relaxation rates we consider description of complex systems, in which relaxing entities form random clusters interacting with each other and single entities. Then we focus on stochastic mechanisms of the relaxation phenomenon. We discuss the diffusion approach and its usefulness for understanding of anomalous dynamics of relaxing systems. We also discuss extensions of the diffusive approach to systems under tempered random processes. Useful relationships among different stochastic approaches to the anomalous dynamics of complex systems allow us to get a fresh look at this subject. The paper closes with a final discussion on achievements of stochastic tools describing the anomalous time evolution of complex systems.","PeriodicalId":21110,"journal":{"name":"Reports on Progress in Physics","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.1,"publicationDate":"2017-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78588413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 23

A review of dynamical resonances in A + BC chemical reactions A + BC化学反应动力学共振研究进展

IF 18.1 1区物理与天体物理

Reports on Progress in Physics Pub Date : 2017-02-01 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/80/2/026401

Zefeng Ren, Zhigang Sun, Donghui Zhang, Xueming Yang

引用次数: 11

Milestones of general relativity 广义相对论的里程碑

IF 18.1 1区物理与天体物理

Reports on Progress in Physics Pub Date : 2017-02-01 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/80/2/026001

J. Pullin

引用次数: 1

Ultra-high resolution electron microscopy 超高分辨率电子显微镜

IF 18.1 1区物理与天体物理

Reports on Progress in Physics Pub Date : 2017-02-01 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/80/2/026101

M. Oxley, A. Lupini, S. Pennycook

{"title":"Ultra-high resolution electron microscopy","authors":"M. Oxley, A. Lupini, S. Pennycook","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/80/2/026101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/80/2/026101","url":null,"abstract":"The last two decades have seen dramatic advances in the resolution of the electron microscope brought about by the successful correction of lens aberrations that previously limited resolution for most of its history. We briefly review these advances, the achievement of sub-Ångstrom resolution and the ability to identify individual atoms, their bonding configurations and even their dynamics and diffusion pathways. We then present a review of the basic physics of electron scattering, lens aberrations and their correction, and an approximate imaging theory for thin crystals which provides physical insight into the various different imaging modes. Then we proceed to describe a more exact imaging theory starting from Yoshioka’s formulation and covering full image simulation methods using Bloch waves, the multislice formulation and the frozen phonon/quantum excitation of phonons models. Delocalization of inelastic scattering has become an important limiting factor at atomic resolution. We therefore discuss this issue extensively, showing how the full-width-half-maximum is the appropriate measure for predicting image contrast, but the diameter containing 50% of the excitation is an important measure of the range of the interaction. These two measures can differ by a factor of 5, are not a simple function of binding energy, and full image simulations are required to match to experiment. The Z-dependence of annular dark field images is also discussed extensively, both for single atoms and for crystals, and we show that temporal incoherence must be included accurately if atomic species are to be identified through matching experimental intensities to simulations. Finally we mention a few promising directions for future investigation.","PeriodicalId":21110,"journal":{"name":"Reports on Progress in Physics","volume":"155 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.1,"publicationDate":"2017-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78587178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 23

Manipulation of cells with laser microbeam scissors and optical tweezers: a review 激光微束剪刀与光镊对细胞的操纵研究进展

IF 18.1 1区物理与天体物理

Reports on Progress in Physics Pub Date : 2017-02-01 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/80/2/026601

K. Greulich

引用次数: 31

Simulating charge transport in organic semiconductors and devices: a review 模拟有机半导体和器件中的电荷输运:综述

IF 18.1 1区物理与天体物理

Reports on Progress in Physics Pub Date : 2017-02-01 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/80/2/026502

C. Groves

引用次数: 59