Molecular Ecology最新文献

{"title":"Genomic Vulnerability of a Threatened Possum in a Biodiversity and Climate Change Hotspot","authors":"Grace I. Marsh,&nbsp;Sean James Buckley,&nbsp;Daniel J. White,&nbsp;Adrian F. Wayne,&nbsp;Bryony J. Palmer,&nbsp;Nicola J. Mitchell","doi":"10.1111/mec.70568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.70568","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Spatial variation in the magnitude and pace of climate change impacts means some species will be more affected than others. This includes those occurring within global biodiversity hotspots, regions with exceptional concentrations of endemic species that have often been shaped by long-term climatic stability. Disproportionate levels of human-induced pressure in these areas are threatening much of the biodiversity values that make these biodiversity hotspots exceptional. Southwest Western Australia is a highly fragmented temperate biodiversity hotspot experiencing rapid climate change and supporting many species of threatened mammals. One Critically Endangered arboreal folivore, the western ringtail possum (ngwayir; <i>Pseudocheirus occidentalis</i>), has contracted to ~10% of its range since European colonisation, has a history of translocation failure, and is being impacted by increasing aridity. Here, we used 9746 SNPs from 411 ngwayir distributed across southwestern Australia to assess climate adaptation and genomic vulnerability to climate change under three climate change scenarios and four time periods. We also compared the degree of adaptive mismatch imposed by a successful and a failed translocation to consider its contribution to translocation success. We found that ngwayir had low genetic diversity and high genomic vulnerability in the northern edge of their range, where threats such as urbanisation exert substantial pressure on populations. Genomic maladaptation did not appear to drive differences in translocation success, while genomic vulnerability scores identified areas most suitable for future translocations in the central southern portion of the species range. Collectively, our analyses reinforce the importance of urbanised areas for the conservation of ngwayir, and we suggest these areas are prioritised for adaptive management initiatives.</p>","PeriodicalId":210,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Ecology","volume":"35 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mec.70568","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149068305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Legacies of Past Climate Change Shape Future Resilience of Typha latifolia at Its Rear Edge in East Asia","authors":"Chichi Zhao,&nbsp;Lei Huang,&nbsp;Yang Liao,&nbsp;Xinwei Xu","doi":"10.1111/mec.70574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.70574","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Global warming poses a significant threat to rear-edge populations owing to their geographically marginal distributions. Understanding the historical dynamics and future trajectories of these populations is crucial for developing effective conservation strategies, yet they remain poorly understood. Here, we employed landscape genomic approaches on 153 samples from 24 <i>Typha latifolia</i> populations spanning its fragmented rear edge in East Asia, to explore demographic history, local adaptation, climate vulnerability and resilience potential. Our analyses reveal that repeated Pleistocene climatic cycles of drastic cooling and warming shaped five genetically distinct and geographically fragmented groups. Long-term persistence through phases of expansion and climate-driven fragmentation has enabled each group to evolve unique local adaptation strategies tailored to their specific environmental conditions. Despite current fragmentation, most populations exhibit low genomic offset and risk under future climate scenarios, suggesting retained adaptive capacity. Nonetheless, we identify maladaptation hotspots in Northeast China associated with no-analog climate conditions, pointing to localized vulnerability. These findings highlight how ancient climatic legacies have shaped genomic adaptations that mitigate climate risk, positioning rear-edge populations as critical reservoirs of resilience under accelerating global change. Preserving these unique lineages and maintaining habitat connectivity will be essential to safeguard their evolutionary potential in the face of ongoing environmental challenges.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":210,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Ecology","volume":"35 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149068209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rates of Evolution Differ Between Cell Types Identified by Single-Cell RNAseq in Threespine Stickleback","authors":"Maria L. Rodgers,&nbsp;Swapna Subramanian,&nbsp;Lauren E. Fuess,&nbsp;Wan He,&nbsp;Samuel V. Scarpino,&nbsp;Andrea J. Roth-Monzón,&nbsp;Daniel L. Jeffries,&nbsp;Martine Seignon,&nbsp;Kathryn Milligan-McClellan,&nbsp;Rebecca Carrier,&nbsp;Natalie C. Steinel,&nbsp;Daniel I. Bolnick","doi":"10.1111/mec.70565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.70565","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Rates of evolutionary change vary by gene. While some broad gene categories are highly conserved with little divergence over time, others undergo continuous selection pressure and are highly divergent among populations or species. But such comparative evolutionary studies rely on gene ontology categories that are rarely validated in the study's focal species. An alternative is to determine species-specific gene functions using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) that identifies cell types and the characteristic genes that each expresses. Here, we combine scRNAseq with evolutionary genomics to understand whether certain cell types exhibit faster evolutionary divergence (using their characteristic genes) than other types of cells (using intestine, head kidney, liver and gill tissues from an emerging model organism, the threespine stickleback). Merging scRNAseq with population genomic data, we show that cell types differ in the rate at which their characteristic genes evolve, as measured by allele frequency divergence among many populations (<i>F</i>_ST) and the longer-term effect of selection driving sequence differences between species (<i>dN</i>/<i>dS</i> ratios). Neutrophils, B cells and fibroblasts exhibit elevated <i>F</i>_ST at characteristic genes, while eosinophils in the intestine and thrombocytes in the head kidney exhibit lower <i>F</i>_ST than the average for 1000 random genes (<i>dN</i>/<i>dS</i> showed similar results). Genes' positions within the scRNAseq coexpression network (measured by graph theory metrics of centrality) also differed between cell types and there was a weak tendency for genes with higher closeness centrality to have higher <i>F</i>_ST. These results highlight the value of merging scRNAseq technology with evolutionary population genomic data and reveal that genes which define immune cell types exhibit especially rapid evolution.</p>","PeriodicalId":210,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Ecology","volume":"35 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mec.70565","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149068592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial and Metabolic Flexibility in Response to Habitat Disturbance in an Ecologically Specialist Primate","authors":"Nina Beeby,&nbsp;Charline Rasoanarimalala,&nbsp;Mihary F. Rasoavolandrainy,&nbsp;Jessica M. Rothman,&nbsp;James P. Higham,&nbsp;Maria Luisa Savo Sardaro,&nbsp;Katherine R. Amato,&nbsp;Timothy H. Webster,&nbsp;Andrea L. Baden","doi":"10.1111/mec.70562","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mec.70562","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the Anthropocene, understanding what renders a species prone to extinction is critical to wildlife management. Ecological specialists are hypothesised to be at particular risk, given that morphological, physiological, and/or behavioural constraints are expected to impede their responses to rapid habitat degradation. Nevertheless, studies have found mixed support for this hypothesis, raising the question, ‘how resilient are specialists to environmental change?’ Here, we test the hypothesis that ecological specialists, limited by behavioural and physiological constraints, may be at an energetic disadvantage in degraded habitats. Specifically, we tested whether Critically Endangered dietary specialist primates, black-and-white ruffed lemurs (<i>Varecia variegata</i>), living in secondary forests suffered nutritional and energetic deficits compared to those in primary forest habitats over a 12-month period. To do this, we used mixed modelling approaches to examine relationships among behaviour, nutritional chemistry, 16S sequencing, metagenome functional predictions, metabolite profiles, and energetic outcomes. Compared to primary forest-living conspecifics, we found that animals in the degraded forest consumed slightly fewer calories from less diverse diets. These animals exhibited less diverse gut microbiota, reduced microbial functional potential, and altered metabolomic profiles. Nevertheless, despite apparent nutritional constraints, energetic outcomes were broadly similar across habitats. These findings suggest that an organism's gut microbiome may be able to regulate microbial metabolic potential to facilitate resilience under suboptimal conditions. These findings highlight host-microbiome interactions as an important component of resilience in ecological specialists, with broad implications for predicting species persistence amid ongoing environmental change.</p>","PeriodicalId":210,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Ecology","volume":"35 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13616744/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149068894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential Demographic Trajectories and Polygenic Adaptation to Monsoon Seasonality in Sky Island Hercules Beetle Populations of the American Southwest","authors":"Sean Chien,&nbsp;My-Hanh Le,&nbsp;Heath Blackmon,&nbsp;Jen-Pan Huang","doi":"10.1111/mec.70551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.70551","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sky island mountain ranges of the American Southwest represent isolated habitat fragments surrounded by arid lowland barriers, making them powerful natural experiments for studying population divergence, demographic history and local adaptation. Here, we use whole-genome resequencing of the Western Hercules beetle (<i>Dynastes grantii</i> Horn, 1870) across four primary lineages to characterize the genomic consequences of habitat fragmentation and climate-driven isolation. Population structure analyses revealed strong hierarchical genetic differentiation consistent with isolation-by-distance, while ABBA-BABA tests detected little to no evidence of post-divergence gene flow among lineages. Coalescent modelling revealed synchronous demographic expansions during the Last Glacial Period followed by severe Holocene contractions across all lineages, with the Utah population experiencing the most pronounced bottleneck and maintaining persistently low effective population size (<i>N</i>_e). The elevated <i>F</i>_ST but equivalent <i>D</i>_<i>XY</i> in Utah comparisons and elevated runs of homozygosity (ROH) indicate that its genetic distinctiveness reflects accelerated drift rather than ancient isolation. Genomic-environment association analyses identified 1367 high-confidence candidate loci associated with precipitation seasonality, with precipitation of the wettest quarter driving the strongest signal of polygenic adaptation. Monsoon moisture regimes are the primary selective axis shaping genomic divergence. Genetic offset projections identified Mt. Lemmon as the most vulnerable population under future climate scenarios, and genetic rescue donor analyses identified population-specific sources for assisted gene flow. Our results demonstrate how integrating demographic inference, divergence genomics and landscape genomics with whole-genome data, including historical museum specimens, can simultaneously advance understanding of evolutionary history and inform actionable conservation strategies in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":210,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Ecology","volume":"35 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mec.70551","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149048269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reproductive Drivers of Temporal Telomere Dynamics in Female Tree Swallows","authors":"Juliette Barbeau,&nbsp;Fanie Pelletier,&nbsp;Dany Garant","doi":"10.1111/mec.70526","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mec.70526","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Understanding trade-offs between life-history traits, particularly between reproductive investment and somatic maintenance, remains a major challenge in evolutionary ecology. Telomeres progressively shorten with age and have been suggested as good predictors of survival and longevity. Both intrinsic factors and external stressors, including high reproductive effort, accelerate telomere attrition. Thus, the dynamic nature of telomere length (TL) offers a promising avenue for assessing individual variation in the cost of reproduction. Here, we quantified telomere length (TL) in breeding female Tree swallows (<i>Tachycineta bicolor</i>) from a population breeding in southern Québec, Canada (2023–2024) to assess both cross-sectional and longitudinal changes in TL relative to age, morphological traits, reproductive output, and habitat quality (breeding density). Cross-sectional results showed an age-dependent variation in TL, with evidence of a reproductive trade-off among second year (SY) females with higher fledging success. Longitudinal analyses revealed that earlier breeding in spring was associated with short-term telomere loss, but this trend was not maintained across breeding seasons. In contrast, habitat quality was not associated with telomere changes. Together, our findings support the use of telomere dynamics as a possible biomarker of reproductive effort at both population and individual level. Our results also underscore that the trade-off between reproduction and telomere dynamics is contingent on the temporal scale, specific life history traits, and individual age.</p>","PeriodicalId":210,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Ecology","volume":"35 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mec.70526","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149035832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fine-Scale Genomic Divergence and Local Adaptation in Puget Sound: Implications for Genetic Rescue","authors":"Evelyn Abbott,&nbsp;Cicero Alves-Lima,&nbsp;Jodie Toft,&nbsp;Filipe Alberto","doi":"10.1111/mec.70549","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mec.70549","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Stark declines in the abundance and distribution of bull kelp and reduced genetic diversity have been observed in Puget Sound, Washington, especially in southernmost areas. Introducing new variation through genetic rescue has emerged as a promising restoration strategy. However, its success hinges on preserving local adaptation, which has not been studied in the region. To that end, we performed whole-genome sequencing using Illumina next-generation sequencing on 65 gametophyte individuals from our biobank, sourced from 19 sites across Puget Sound. We identified three genetic clusters, corresponding broadly to southern Puget Sound (SPS), Whidbey Basin (WB), and the Strait of Juan de Fuca (SJF). Despite low genetic diversity and high genetic load, we found evidence consistent with local adaptation to five environmental variables. Although salinity emerged as the strongest predictor of environmentally associated genetic variance overall, in SPS the primary drivers were winter sea surface temperature (SST) and seasonal turbidity. We identified environmentally associated variants and enriched gene ontology terms and analysed their allele frequencies to assess functional variation between clusters. These frequencies revealed marked differences between SJF and the other clusters, whereas for most genes the highest-frequency allele in WB was also the most prevalent in SPS. However, for all genes associated with winter SST and turbidity, SPS harboured distinct alleles not found in other clusters. These findings suggest that a WB population may be strong donor candidates for SPS due to higher genetic diversity and shared environmentally associated variation. Further experiments are needed to validate these findings and assess WB suitability for GR.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":210,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Ecology","volume":"35 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149023478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Multifaceted Approach Reveals Complex Genomic Mediation of White-Nose Syndrome Adaptative Response in the Little Brown Bat (Myotis lucifugus)","authors":"Samantha L. R. Capel,&nbsp;Devaughn L. Fraser,&nbsp;Kenneth A. Field,&nbsp;DeeAnn M. Reeder,&nbsp;Amy L. Russell,&nbsp;Peter H. Sudmant,&nbsp;Juan Manuel Vazquez,&nbsp;Maarten J. Vonhof,&nbsp;Thomas M. Lilley,&nbsp;Michael R. Buchalski","doi":"10.1111/mec.70559","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mec.70559","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Novel pathogens have become a major challenge faced by wildlife in the Anthropocene. White-nose syndrome (WNS) has decimated bat populations across North America over the last two decades. Demographic and physiological evidence of adaptation in one heavily affected species, <i>Myotis lucifugus</i>, has prompted multiple attempts to delineate the genomic underpinnings, but these studies show little congruence in their findings. This may be due, in part, to the limitations of the genomic resources utilized and/or analytical approaches employed. Here, we performed high-coverage whole-genome resequencing of <i>M. lucifugus</i> sampled prior to (<i>n</i> = 29), and 10 years after the local arrival of WNS (<i>n</i> = 30), aligned to a new reference genome to identify signatures of selection associated with adaptive responses. Using 41.9 million SNPs, we implemented a combination of hard and soft sweep detection analyses, leading to the discovery of 382 genes with robust evidence of selection. Of these, 202 (49.9%) were associated with enriched gene ontology (GO) terms, many of which were tied to neuron development, organization and function. Further, approximately half (107) of genes associated with enriched GO terms interact with genes identified by previous studies. Our findings suggest reduced susceptibility to WNS is mediated through highly complex, polygenic mechanisms. Further, we demonstrate there are far more connections among WNS selection study results than previously recognized. We believe that the methods employed by our study illustrate a need for a paradigm shift in non-model selection studies and further highlight the value of genomics as a tool for conservation management.</p>","PeriodicalId":210,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Ecology","volume":"35 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mec.70559","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149029282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genotype–Phenotype-Environment Associations and Potential Local Adaptation Signals in the Mesquite Lizard Along the Eastern Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt","authors":"Óscar Romero-Báez,&nbsp;Verónica Zepeda,&nbsp;Ella Vázquez-Domínguez","doi":"10.1111/mec.70561","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mec.70561","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Anthropogenic activities modify the composition and configuration of landscapes and fragment habitats, generating environmental gradients and dispersal barriers that alter gene flow and generate selective pressures. Identifying local adaptation, which depends on the balance between selection and gene flow, requires integrative approaches that combine multiple sources of evidence. Notably, signals of local adaptation have been poorly evaluated in Neotropical lizards. By integrating phenotypic, genomic, environmental, and landscape data, we assessed whether the mesquite lizard <i>Sceloporus grammicus</i> exhibits morphological changes associated with landscape variables, and also potential signals of local adaptation along a natural-anthropogenic gradient across the eastern Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt. Phenotypic results showed traits that varied with landscape variables, including a negative effect of elevation on snout-vent length (SVL) and a positive effect of distance to forested areas (Dfz) on body condition index (BCI). Using genotype-environment and genotype–phenotype associations, we detected 72 candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with adaptive signals, based on which we identified four adaptive units across the study area. Functional enrichment highlighted four genes (ADCY10, LMOD3, NINJ1, STX16) with overrepresented molecular functions. The frequency of the alternative allele in SNPs annotated to ADCY10, LMOD3, and NINJ1 increased with elevation and in individuals with smaller SVL, while it increased with Dfz and BCI for STX16. Overall, our results support spatially structured, landscape-linked candidate adaptive variation consistent with previously inferred functional connectivity patterns for the mesquite lizard. They also suggest mechanisms for exploring physiological and metabolic responses under environmental heterogeneity and anthropisation that could favor local adaptation.</p>","PeriodicalId":210,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Ecology","volume":"35 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13595099/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149015051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Museum Genomics of an Important Swedish Pollinator Reveals Population Stability Across Time","authors":"Michael Mitschke,&nbsp;Ellen Karlsson,&nbsp;Jovanka Suess,&nbsp;Ibai Ugarte-Zabaleta,&nbsp;Kalle Tunström,&nbsp;Björn Cederberg,&nbsp;Hege Vårdal,&nbsp;Matthew T. Webster,&nbsp;Christopher W. Wheat,&nbsp;David Díez-del-Molino","doi":"10.1111/mec.70557","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mec.70557","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Anthropogenic activity has driven a rapid decline in wild pollinator populations over the last several decades. Understanding the genomic consequences of these declines and their long-term effects requires establishing historical baselines for population diversity. To investigate this, we conducted temporal genomic analyses of a widespread and important pollinator, the common carder bee (<i>Bombus pascuorum</i>). We sequenced 102 historical, dry-pinned museum specimens collected across Sweden during the last 150 years, and analysed them alongside 59 modern individuals. While historical samples showed elevated levels of fragmentation with age (range 41.8–89 bp), they also had overall high levels of endogenous DNA (median 86.9%). Our analyses revealed that while geographically isolated populations in Gotland and the Arctic mountains exhibit localized genomic differentiation and lower diversity, the overall mainland population structure is low. We find that population structure has remained stable and genomic diversity has increased across Sweden over the past 150 years. These results challenge assumptions of decline, indicating that <i>B. pascuorum</i> has resisted genomic erosion even with reported declines in relative abundance. This study validates dry-pinned museum insects as a powerful resource for large-scale conservation genomics studies, providing a useful temporal perspective despite DNA degradation.</p>","PeriodicalId":210,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Ecology","volume":"35 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13598348/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149023449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}