Molecular Ecology最新文献

{"title":"Historical Lead Contamination Linked to Atmospheric Deposition is Associated With Declines in Ectomycorrhizal Diversity and Shifts in Fungal Community Composition","authors":"Chance R. Noffsinger,&nbsp;P. Brandon Matheny","doi":"10.1111/mec.17725","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mec.17725","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi respond differently to changing edaphic conditions caused by atmospheric deposition. Within each guild, responses can vary significantly, reflecting the diversity of species and their specific adaptations to environmental changes. Metal contaminants are often deposited onto earth's surface through atmospheric deposition, yet few studies have assessed the relationship between soil metal contamination and fungal communities. The goal of this study was to understand how soil metal contamination and other edaphic factors vary across the spruce-fir ecosystem in the Southern Appalachians and influence fungal diversity and function. Here, we characterize soil fungal communities using high-throughput sequencing of the ITS2 gene region and found that higher soil lead (Pb) concentrations were associated with lower fungal diversity. Ectomycorrhizal fungi were less diverse (specifically hydrophilic ectomycorrhizal functional types) at plots with elevated soil Pb concentrations, while saprotrophic fungi were less diverse at plots with elevated soil carbon:nitrogen ratios. Fungal community composition was significantly influenced by pH, Pb, and spatial factors. This study identifies important relationships between fungal diversity and soil Pb concentrations and indicates variable responses of genera within well-defined ecological guilds. Our work highlights the need to characterize poorly understood taxonomic groups of fungi and their function prior to further environmental degradation.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":210,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Ecology","volume":"34 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143646624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward a Global Science of Conservation Genomics: Coldspots in Genomic Resources Highlight a Need for Equitable Collaborations and Capacity Building.","authors":"Céline M Carneiro, Analisa Shields-Estrada, Alexandra E Boville, Gabriela Alves-Ferreira, Tianyi Xu, Ryan L Wong Arnott, Chloé M Allen-Love, Micaela Puertas, John J Jacisin, Hannah Chapman Tripp, Edmund W Basham, Kelly R Zamudio, Anat M Belasen","doi":"10.1111/mec.17729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.17729","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Advances in genomic sequencing have magnified our understanding of ecological and evolutionary mechanisms relevant to biodiversity conservation. As a result, the field of conservation genomics has grown rapidly. Genomic data can be effective in guiding conservation decisions by revealing fine-scale patterns of genetic diversity and adaptation. Adaptive potential, sometimes referred to as evolutionary potential, is particularly informative for conservation due to its inverse relationship with extinction risk. Yet, global coldspots in genomic resources impede progress toward conservation goals. We undertook a systematic literature review to characterise the global distribution of genomic resources for amphibians and reptiles relative to species richness, IUCN status, and predicted global change. We classify the scope of available genomic resources by their potential applicability to global change. Finally, we examine global patterns of collaborations in genomic studies. Our findings underscore current priorities for expanding genomic resources, especially those aimed at predicting adaptive potential to future environmental change. Our results also highlight the need for improved global collaborations in genomic research, resource sharing, and capacity building in the Global South.</p>","PeriodicalId":210,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Ecology","volume":" ","pages":"e17729"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143646655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic Landscape of Divergence in Ballan Wrasse (Labrus bergylta).","authors":"Eeva Jansson, Fernando Ayllon, Carl-Johan Rubin, Laura Casas, Fran Saborido-Rey, Tomasz Furmanek, Marine S O Brieuc, David Villegas-Rios, María Quintela, Rolf B Edvardsen, Roger Lille-Langøy, Kevin A Glover","doi":"10.1111/mec.17732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.17732","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The architecture underpinning genomic divergence is still a largely uncharted territory and likely case-dependent. Here, we investigated genome-wide variation in Ballan wrasse, a northeastern Atlantic fish species that displays two sympatric colour morphs, spotty and plain, that have been suggested to represent subspecies. We produced a chromosome-level reference genome and thereafter investigated genomic divergence among 152 individuals including both morphs, from two localities in Spain and Norway each and one in France. Differences between morphs dominated in Spain in accordance with sympatric divergence, whereas in Norway allopatric differentiation was prominent and repeated genomic signals of local divergence were found. Chromosomes had large low-recombining areas shared across all populations. Within the Spanish morphs, these areas contained large islands of divergence, totalling ~11% of the genome, and showed high morph specificity and strong selection. The same regions showed frequent admixture in the French morphs and no differentiation in Norway. In contrast, divergent regions observed between sampling localities in Norway were shorter and found throughout the genome. High inbreeding and lower diversity were observed in the Norwegian samples, consistent with the proposed recolonisation bottleneck and subsequent drift. Several genomic regions were significantly associated with morphs and contained tens of genes of diverse functions, suggesting that colouration is unlikely to be the sole driver of divergence. Our results do not support the hypothesis of shared larger genomic features underlying intraspecific colour divergence. Instead, we observe gradual accumulation of differences into low-recombining regions, likely when additional factors like assortative mating and/or lack of gene flow favour their development.</p>","PeriodicalId":210,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Ecology","volume":" ","pages":"e17732"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143646619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Local Selection Shaped the Diversity of European Maize Landraces.","authors":"Margarita Takou, Kerstin Schulz, Markus G Stetter","doi":"10.1111/mec.17720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.17720","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The introduction of populations to novel environments can lead to a loss of genetic diversity and the accumulation of deleterious mutations due to selection and demographic changes. We investigate how the recent introduction of maize to Europe shaped the genetic diversity and differentiation of European traditional maize populations and quantify the impact of its recent range expansion and consecutive breeding on the accumulation of genetic load. We use genome-wide genetic markers of almost 2000 individuals from 38 landraces, 155 elite breeding lines, and a large set of doubled haploid lines derived from two landraces to find extensive population structure within European maize, with landraces being highly differentiated even over short geographic distances. Yet, diversity change does not follow the continuous pattern of range expansions. Landraces maintain high genetic diversity that is distinct between populations and does not decrease along the possible expansion routes. Signals of positive selection in European landraces that overlap with selection in Asian maize suggest convergent selection during maize introductions. At the same time, environmental factors partially explain genetic differences across Europe. Consistent with the maintenance of high diversity, we find no evidence of genetic load accumulating along the maize introduction route in European maize. However, modern breeding likely purged highly deleterious alleles but accumulated genetic load in elite germplasm. Our results reconstruct the history of maize in Europe and show that landraces have maintained high genetic diversity that could reduce genetic load in the European maize breeding pools.</p>","PeriodicalId":210,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Ecology","volume":" ","pages":"e17720"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143646633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Distribution and Dispersal of Large Haploblocks in a Superspecies.","authors":"Darren Irwin, Staffan Bensch, Caleigh Charlebois, Gabriel David, Armando Geraldes, Sandeep Kumar Gupta, Bettina Harr, Paul Holt, Jessica H Irwin, Vladimir V Ivanitskii, Irina M Marova, Yongchao Niu, Sampath Seneviratne, Ashutosh Singh, Yongjie Wu, Shangmingyu Zhang, Trevor D Price","doi":"10.1111/mec.17731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.17731","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Haploblocks are regions of the genome that coalesce to an ancestor as a single unit. Differentiated haplotypes in these regions can result from the accumulation of mutational differences in low-recombination chromosomal regions, especially when selective sweeps occur within geographically structured populations. We introduce a method to identify large well-differentiated haploblock regions (LHBRs), based on the variance in standardised heterozygosity (ViSHet) of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotypes among individuals, calculated across a genomic region (500 SNPs in our case). We apply this method to the greenish warbler (Phylloscopus trochiloides) ring species, using a newly assembled reference genome and genotypes at more than 1 million SNPs among 257 individuals. Most chromosomes carry a single distinctive LHBR, containing 4-6 distinct haplotypes that are associated with geography, enabling detection of hybridisation events and transition zones between differentiated populations. LHBRs have exceptionally low within-haplotype nucleotide variation and moderately low between-haplotype nucleotide distance, suggesting their establishment through recurrent selective sweeps at varying geographic scales. Meiotic drive is potentially a powerful mechanism of producing such selective sweeps, and the LHBRs are likely to often represent centromeric regions where recombination is restricted. Links between populations enable introgression of favoured haplotypes and we identify one haploblock showing a highly discordant distribution compared to most of the genome, being present in two distantly separated geographic regions that are at similar latitudes in both east and central Asia. Our results set the stage for detailed studies of haploblocks, including their genomic location, gene content and contribution to reproductive isolation.</p>","PeriodicalId":210,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Ecology","volume":" ","pages":"e17731"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143646652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Symbiont-Mediated Metabolic Shift in the Sea Anemone Anthopleura elegantissima","authors":"Tyler J. Carrier,&nbsp;Holland Elder,&nbsp;Jason Macrander,&nbsp;James L. Dimond,&nbsp;Brian L. Bingham,&nbsp;Adam M. Reitzel","doi":"10.1111/mec.17722","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mec.17722","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Coral reefs and their photosynthetic algae form one of the most ecologically and economically impactful symbioses in the animal kingdom. The stability of this nutritional mutualism and this ecosystem is, however, at risk due to increasing sea surface temperatures that cause corals to expel their symbionts. Symbioses with these microeukaryotes have independently evolved multiple times, and non-coral cnidarians (e.g., sea anemones) serve as a valuable and insightful comparative system due to their ease of husbandry in the laboratory and their ability to shuffle different strains of their photosymbionts to acclimate to thermal conditions. This breadth of symbiont shuffling is exemplified by the sea anemone \u0000 <i>Anthopleura elegantissima</i>\u0000 , which naturally occurs in symbiosis with the dinoflagellate <i>Breviolum muscatinei</i> (formerly <i>Symbiodinium</i>) or the chlorophyte <i>Elliptochloris marina</i> as well as being aposymbiotic. Here, we assembled a draft genome and used multi-omics to characterise multiple physiological levels of each phenotype. We find that \u0000 <i>A. elegantissima</i>\u0000 has symbiont-specific transcriptional and metabolomic signatures, but a similar bacterial community dominated by a single <i>Sphingomonas</i> species that is commonly found in the cnidarian microbiome. Symbiosis with either eukaryotic symbiont resulted in differential gene expression and metabolic abundance for diverse processes spanning metabolism and immunity to reproduction and development, with some of these processes being unique to either symbiont. The ability to culture \u0000 <i>A. elegantissima</i>\u0000 with its phylogenetically divergent photosymbionts and perform experimental manipulations makes \u0000 <i>A. elegantissima</i>\u0000 another tractable sea anemone system to decode the symbiotic conversations of coral reef ecosystems and aid in wider conservation efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":210,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Ecology","volume":"34 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mec.17722","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143646650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tailocin-Mediated Interactions Among Soft Rot Pectobacteriaceae","authors":"Marcin Borowicz,&nbsp;Dorota M. Krzyżanowska,&nbsp;Marta Sobolewska,&nbsp;Magdalena Narajczyk,&nbsp;Inez Mruk,&nbsp;Paulina Czaplewska,&nbsp;Jacques Pédron,&nbsp;Marie-Anne Barny,&nbsp;Pierre Yves Canto,&nbsp;Joanna Dziadkowiec,&nbsp;Robert Czajkowski","doi":"10.1111/mec.17728","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mec.17728","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Bacteria carry phage-derived elements within their genomes, some of which can produce phage-like particles (tailocins) used as weapons to kill kin strains in response to environmental conditions. This study investigates the production and activity of tailocins by plant-pathogenic bacteria: <i>Pectobacterium</i>, <i>Dickeya,</i> and <i>Musicola</i> genera, which compete for niche, providing an attractive model to study the ecological role of tailocins. Microscopy revealed that most analysed strains (88%) produced tailocins. Tailocin-mediated killing interactions were assessed across 351 strain pairs, showing that <i>Dickeya</i> spp. had a higher likelihood of killing neighbours (57.1%) than <i>Pectobacterium</i> spp. (21.6%). Additionally, <i>Dickeya</i> spp. strains exhibited broader phylogenetic killing, targeting both <i>Pectobacterium</i> spp. and <i>Musicola</i> sp., while <i>Pectobacterium</i> spp. tailocins were genus-specific. The mutual (bilateral) killing was observed in 33.9% of interactions, predominantly within <i>Dickeya</i> spp. Although tailocins were morphologically indistinguishable between producers, genomic analyses identified conserved clusters having diverse structural and organisational differences between <i>Pectobacterium</i> spp. and <i>Dickeya</i> spp. tailocins. This suggests different origins of these particles. Induction experiments demonstrated that tailocin production was boosted by hydrogen peroxide, supporting the role of these particles in bacteria–bacteria competition during plant infection when plants produce ROS to protect themselves from pathogens. Tailocins were detectable in infected potato tissue but not in river water, highlighting the particular ecological relevance of tailocins in these studied environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":210,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Ecology","volume":"34 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mec.17728","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143633286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Same Source of Microbes has a Divergent Assembly Trajectory Along a Hot Spring Flowing Path","authors":"Qing He,&nbsp;Shang Wang,&nbsp;Kai Feng,&nbsp;Weiguo Hou,&nbsp;Wenhui Zhang,&nbsp;Fangru Li,&nbsp;Yidi Zhang,&nbsp;Wanming Hai,&nbsp;Yuxuan Sun,&nbsp;Ye Deng","doi":"10.1111/mec.17727","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mec.17727","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hot spring microbial mats represent intricate biofilms that establish self-sustaining ecosystems, hosting diverse microbial communities which facilitate a range of biochemical processes and contribute to the structural and functional complexity of these systems. While community structuring across mat depth has received substantial attention, mechanisms shaping horizontal spatial composition and functional structure of these communities remain understudied. Here, we explored the contributions of species source, local environment and species interaction to microbial community assembly processes in six microbial mat regions following a flow direction with a temperature decreasing from 73.3°C to 52.8°C. Surprisingly, we found that despite divergent community structures and potential functions across different microbial mats, large proportions of the community members (45.50%–80.29%) in the recipient mat communities originated from the same source community at the upper limit of temperature for photosynthetic life. This finding indicated that the source species were dispersed with water and subsequently filtered and shaped by local environmental factors. Furthermore, critical species with specific functional attributes played a pivotal role in community assembly by influencing potential interactions with other microorganisms. Therefore, species dispersal via water flow, environmental variables, and local species interaction jointly governed microbial assembly, elucidating assembly processes in the horizontal dimension of hot spring microbial mats and providing insights into microbial community assembly within extreme biospheres.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":210,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Ecology","volume":"34 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143633287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Microsatellite Variations in Plasmodium falciparum Following a Decade-Long Antimalaria Campaign in Kenya","authors":"Elizabeth Hemming-Schroeder,&nbsp;Alfred Hubbard,&nbsp;Faith I. Ebhodaghe,&nbsp;Tatiana Vorontsova,&nbsp;Daibin Zhong,&nbsp;Guofa Zhou,&nbsp;Eugenia Lo,&nbsp;Harrysone Atieli,&nbsp;Andrew Githeko,&nbsp;James W. Kazura,&nbsp;Guiyun Yan","doi":"10.1111/mec.17713","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mec.17713","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Anti-malaria interventions typically reduce the intensity of <i>Plasmodium</i> transmission, but the effects of reduced transmission on <i>P. falciparum</i> population biology remain unclear. Highly polymorphic microsatellite markers in <i>P. falciparum</i> were used to investigate genetic diversity, polyclonality and genetic structure among populations in areas of varying malaria transmission intensity across Kenya. We also assessed relationships between metrics derived from genetic data, transmission intensity estimates and bioclimatic variables. Despite an overall reduction in transmission intensity across Kenya from 2005 to 2014, we found that parasite populations maintained high genetic diversity and that genetic diversity correlated more closely with past transmission intensity estimates in the year 2000 as compared to contemporary estimates in 2014. In contrast, we found genetic structuring to be significant, consistent with our observation of shifting parasite migration patterns in western Kenya. Both genetic diversity and polyclonality increased with higher precipitation in the dry season, revealing the potential impacts of changing climate patterns on parasite population dynamics. Whereas fragmentation of <i>P. falciparum</i> populations increases opportunities for spatially targeted interventions in Kenya, the high genetic diversity of isolates in our study signals enhanced adaptability of parasites.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":210,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Ecology","volume":"34 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143633285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Transcriptional Landscape of Adaptive Thermal Plasticity Within and Across Generations: The Role of Gene Expression and Alternative Splicing","authors":"Fernando Diaz,&nbsp;Luciano M. Matzkin","doi":"10.1111/mec.17715","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mec.17715","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There is increasing evidence for the co-occurrence of adaptive within-generation (WGP) and transgenerational (TGP) plasticity and the ecological scenarios driving both types of plasticity. However, some aspects of their transcriptional mechanisms, such as the role of alternative splicing and the consequences of parental acclimation across life stages, have remained elusive. We explore these fundamental questions by considering the desert endemic <i>Drosophila mojavensis</i> for which prior evidence indicates adaptive thermal acclimation within and across generations. We implement a full factorial design to estimate genome-wide patterns of differential gene expression (DE) and alternative splicing (AS) in response to acclimation treatments performed in the parental and offspring generations, as well as considering larval and adult stages. Our results demonstrate that mechanisms of alternative splicing represent a substantial difference between WGP and TGP. These mechanisms contribute substantially to transcriptional plasticity within generations but not across generations. We found a great number of genes associated with transcriptional TGP, which is exclusive to larval stages and not adult samples. Finally, we provide evidence demonstrating opposing transcriptional trajectories in differential gene expression between WGP and TGP. Thus, parental acclimation appears to up-regulate genes that are down-regulated during offspring acclimation. This pattern suggests a possible hypothesis for the mechanisms explaining the compensatory effect of parental acclimation in the offspring generation.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":210,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Ecology","volume":"34 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143603276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}