Reviews in Clinical Medicine最新文献

{"title":"The Epidemiological Study of the Children Committing Suicide with Toxic Substances Admitted to the Emergency and Pediatric Wards in Iran (2013-2016)","authors":"F. Ashrafzadeh, F. Sahebkar, A. Alizadeh, M. Sezavar, B. Karimi, M. Naseri, G. Khademi","doi":"10.22038/RCM.2020.48186.1314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/RCM.2020.48186.1314","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Poisoning is the most common method of non-fatal suicide. In recent years, poisoning caused by the use of medications and chemicals has increased. The present study aimed to investigate the rate of suicide using toxic compounds in Iranian children.Methods: This retrospective study was conducted using the data of 83 children aged 5-16 years who attempted suicide using toxic substances and were admitted to the pediatric and toxicology departments of Imam Reza Hospital in Mashhad, Iran. Results: Among 500 suicide cases, 83 committed suicide using toxic substances, and 8.4% of the suicides were committed by children aged 5-7 years. In addition, 60% of the suicide cases were aged 14-16 years. In total, 45.5% of the children committed suicide with prior planning (statistically significant). The peak time of referral to the emergency department was between 6-12 PM, and more than 90% of the patients were admitted with stable vital signs. The most commonly used toxic substance was organophosphate. During admission, psychiatric counseling was not provided to 36.1% of the patients, and the clinical outcomes also showed the use of non-lethal doses. Conclusion: According to the results, it is of utmost importance to assess the underlying causes of suicide attempts in early childhood (e.g., prior planning and antisocial behaviors), especially with the increased age of children to 14-16 years in such incidents.","PeriodicalId":21081,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Clinical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45909680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Prevalence and Risk Factors for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in the Expecting Outpatients of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran (2017-2018)","authors":"K. Saeedi, A. Taghipour, E. M. Farkhani, Nasrin Milani","doi":"10.22038/RCM.2020.46933.1309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/RCM.2020.46933.1309","url":null,"abstract":"IntroductionDiabetes is the most common metabolic disorder during pregnancy. Given the importance of the screening and treatment of gestational diabetes for the prevention of maternal and fetal complications, the present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus in the pregnant women covered by Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran.MethodsThis study was conducted on the women with pregnancy intention or confirmed pregnancy, referring to the health centers affiliated to Mashhad University of Medical Sciences during March 2017-September 2018. The patients with gestational diabetes mellitus were identified based on the latest WHO criteria in 2013. Data were collected on the conducted experiments and recorded in the integrated health information system (SINA). Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 25 using Chi-square and logistic regression.ResultsDuring the study period, 2,710 women (4.3%) were diagnosed gestational diabetes mellitus. The mean age of the patients was 28.5656.379 years. In terms of the influential factors, significant correlations were observed between gestational diabetes mellitus and family history of diabetes (OR=4.278; P<0.0001), history of gestational diabetes mellitus (OR=3.880; P<0.0001), body mass index (OR=2.302; P<0.0001), history of macrosomia (OR=1.656; P<0.003), history of recurrent miscarriage (OR=1.759; P<0.007), and preeclampsia (OR=1.914; P<0.045).ConclusionAccording to the results, the prevalence of diabetes in Mashhad city (4.3%) seems to be slightly lower than other areas. Special attention must be paid to the pregnant women with the influential factors of gestational diabetes mellitus through selective screening based on the risk factors of the disease.","PeriodicalId":21081,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Clinical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46239102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the relationship between hypertension and regular consumption of vitamin D","authors":"Nasrin Milani, Mohamad Sajjadi-Manesh, Ehsan Mousa-Farkhani, A. Taghipour","doi":"10.22038/RCM.2020.46907.1308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/RCM.2020.46907.1308","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Hypertension (HTN) is one of the most life-threatening disorders worldwide. Although some examinations have demonstrated an incidental relationship between blood pressure and serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, there have been new exchanges of views with respect to the influence of low vitamin D levels in hypertension. This study aims to find out the relationship between hypertension and regular consumption of vitamin D. Methods: A case-control study was conducted with regard to secondary data (SINA system) among people, aged 30 years old or older, registered in 2017-2018. A sample size of 1,500 patients was used comprising of 500 patients with hypertension as the case group and 1,000 people without history of hypertension as the control group. The population was selected randomly. High blood pressure diagnostic criteria were considered in the same manner with the clinical guidelines of the 7th National Joint Committee. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22 software.Results: Regular consumption of vitamin D had a protective role on hypertension (P value <0.05) and [OR= 0.421 (0.353- 0.505)].Conclusion: By identifying hypertension risk factors, taking measures to prevent it would be more practical and the risk of hypertension can be reduced. An enormous volume of epidemiological and empirical proof is indicative of the fact that vitamin D deficiency can lead to high blood pressure. The present investigation proves that vitamin D supplementary may serve as a convenient method to diminish the risk of progression of increased blood pressure due to its protective effect on blood pressure.","PeriodicalId":21081,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Clinical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47163773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Medicinal Plants on Pancreatic Beta Cells in Diabetes: A Systematic Review of Iranians’ Contributions","authors":"Davood Oliaee, H. Niazkar, A. Abbasnezhad, M. Ghorbani, Parisa Sadat Alavi Shahri, Saeide Saghaee Shahri, Kasra Ghanaiyan","doi":"10.22038/RCM.2020.45828.1303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/RCM.2020.45828.1303","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder with a high prevalence, which affects approximately 25% of the world’s population. This systematic review aimed to assess the Iranian research regarding the effects of medicinal plants on pancreatic beta cells in diabetes.Methods: This systematic review was conducted via searching in databases such as Medline, PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect until April 2018. The studied that were published in Iran, peer-reviewed, and designed as a randomized control trial on type I diabetes were retrieved and screened.Result: The initial search results of the electronic databases yielded 822 relevant articles. After two stages of screening, checking the references, and removing the duplicate articles in various databases, 18 articles were finally selected for the review.Conclusion: According to the results, medicinal plants have a positive impact on the performance of pancreatic beta cells in animal models through various mechanisms, such as increasing the number, size, regeneration, and reduction of the inflammation of beta cells.","PeriodicalId":21081,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Clinical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49391533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fake Traditional Healers with Superstitious Magical Treatments and Their Practices Regarding Children's Diseases","authors":"Y. Ravanshad, M. Golsorkhi, S. Ravanshad, Zahra Mohajeri, A. Azarfar","doi":"10.22038/RCM.2020.46987.1311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/RCM.2020.46987.1311","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Nowadays, fake doctors, known as “Bandis” in our country Iran, represent themselves as traditional healers and use superstitious ideas for the healing of the ill, especially children. Their activities do not comply with any scientific methods. No research has been focused on this issue. The present study aimed to evaluate the education and social levels of the patients and their reasons for referring to these quackeries.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 1,300 children who were managed in the pediatric clinics of Dr. Sheikh Hospital for children, which is a tertiary care center in Mashhad, Iran. Informed consent was obtained from the guardians and patients. Upon examination, the parents of the children were asked to complete a checklist for data collection. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 16, and the P-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: In total, 1,300 children (621 females and 679 male) aged 2.5-12 years (mean age: 5.3±2.9 years) were enrolled in the study. Among the guardians, 62.5% were familiar with traditional healers, and 457 (37.2%) of the respondents had visited these individuals at least once. In addition, 106 of these cases had visited traditional healers more than three times. The parents were enquired about the reasons for visiting traditional healers instead of physicians, and 46.7% believed the applied methods by these individuals to be more effective. Moreover, 3.1% mentioned the lower treatment costs compared to physician visits, 2.9% reported the acute diseases of their children that did not respond to medical treatments, and 47.3% acknowledged those methods as real traditional practices.Conclusion: According to the results traditional healers, are a major public health concern. For unjustified reasons, many people prefer their methods to conventional medicine. Therefore, healthcare authorities must raise public awareness in this regarding through systematic plans in order to prevent future complications.","PeriodicalId":21081,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Clinical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45706007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Prevalence of Hypothyroidism in Patients with Biliary Sludge and Gallstones","authors":"R. Jabini, S. Hosseini, Maryam Shirdeli, A. Yousefi, Mohamadreza Farzanehfar","doi":"10.22038/RCM.2020.43115.1288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/RCM.2020.43115.1288","url":null,"abstract":"IntroductionGallbladder stone and sludge are common diseases worldwide. The causes of gallbladder stone and sludge are numerous. Since some studies have reported the effects of thyroid hormones on the function of the sphincter of Oddi and biliary discharge, the present study aimed to evaluate hypothyroidism as a risk factor for gallbladder stone formation.MethodsThis case-control study was conducted on patients whose sonography indicated gallbladder sludge or stone and those referring to our clinic with pain in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen. All the patients were initially examined by a sonologist to confirm gallbladder stone and sludge. Afterwards, thyroid function tests (TSH, T4, and T3RU via radioimmunoassay) were requested for the patients, and the results were analyzed and compared with the control group.ResultsAmong 318 patients, 171 (53.77%) were male. In the case group, six females (8.4%) and 10 males (11.2%) had hypothyroidism. Overall, 9.9% of the patients (n=16) had hypothyroidism. In the control group, the prevalence of hypothyroidism was 2.5% (n=4) (OR: 2.082; 95% CI: 1.022-11.046; P=0.017). In the case group, 4.3% (n=7) had subclinical hypothyroidism, and 5.6% (n=9) had clinical hypothyroidism, while in the control group, only 1.9% of the patients (n=3) showed signs of subclinical hypothyroidism, and 0.6% (n=1) showed signs of clinical hypothyroidism. In the patients with gallbladder sludge and stone, the prevalence of clinical hypothyroidism was higher than subclinical hypothyroidism.ConclusionAccording to the results, hypothyroidism was prevalent in the patients with gallbladder stone and sludge. Therefore, it is recommended that the thyroid function of patients with gallbladder stone and sludge be examined even if the patients do not harbor any other risk factors for the disease.","PeriodicalId":21081,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Clinical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41616819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Phacoemulsification on Macular Thickness and Volume in Diabetic Patients without Retinopathy","authors":"Zahra Ameri Golestan, N. Sharif, Nasser Shoeibi, Asieh Ehsaei, Alireza Eslampour, Maryam Kadkhoda, J. Shandiz","doi":"10.22038/RCM.2020.47370.1312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/RCM.2020.47370.1312","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction This study aimed to investigate the effect of phacoemulsification on macular thickness and volume in diabetic patients without retinopathy using optical coherence tomography (OCT).Methods This prospective study included 37 diabetics and 55 non-diabetic patients (n=92) with cataract who were scheduled for phacoemulsification. The participants were entered into the study based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria following a complete eye examination. Macular thickness and volume were measured preoperatively as well as one month postoperatively using the OCT (Spectralis; Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany).Results The present study analyzed 76 eyes of 76 patients with immature cataract. No significant differences were observed between diabetic and non-diabetic groups in terms of thickness and volume in the macular area. However, the results showed a significant increase in both groups regarding the thickness and volume after phacoemulsification. Conclusion The results of the present study reveal that diabetes has no effects on the changes in macular thickness and volume after cataract surgery in diabetic eyes without retinopathy.","PeriodicalId":21081,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Clinical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42303175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of free radicals on sperm DNA and antioxidant protective role; an assessment and review","authors":"S. Pourmasumi, P. Sabeti","doi":"10.22038/RCM.2020.43699.1290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/RCM.2020.43699.1290","url":null,"abstract":"Oxidative stress is an imbalance between the level of ROS and antioxidants. Sperm membranes are rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids and are very sensitive to increased free radicals. Increasing the level of ROS can lead to an increase in lipid peroxidation in sperm membrane, decrease in their flexibility, and ultimately a decrease in sperm motility. Also, oxidative stress may impair sperm axonemal and mitochondrial function, as well as DNA integrity, RNA and protein synthesis. Several studies have shown that antioxidants are beneficial to human health and are used to prevent cancer and coronary artery disease. Based on the present review, there are more documents in protective effects of antioxidants on sperm cells. Studies showed adding in vitro antioxidants to sperm samples can increase sperm parameters such as sperm motility, morphology and decrease sperm membrane lipid peroxidation and sperm DNA damage. Also in vivo or oral antioxidants supplementation has protective effects on sperm from ROS negative effects. Since the causes of infertility are various, the lack of antioxidants action in reducing the sperm DNA damage, the level of antioxidant activity depends on the type, dose and duration of intake, so more studies are needed to determine the appropriate antioxidant type, the dosage and timing of administration in vivo and in vitro.","PeriodicalId":21081,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Clinical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46678737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and pathogenesis overview of Enterobacter infections","authors":"K. S. Rizi, K. Ghazvini, Hadi Farsiani","doi":"10.22038/RCM.2020.44468.1296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/RCM.2020.44468.1296","url":null,"abstract":"Enterobacter spp. is a gram-negative environmental bacterium, which belongs to the Enterobacteriaceae family and is found in water, sewage, soil, and plants. These bacteria are common among humans and animals, and the most frequently isolated species is Enterobacter cloacae. The species of this genus are often opportunistic pathogens with expanding significance in nosocomial infections, particularly in neonates, immunocompromised patients in intensive care units, emergency sections, skin and soft tissue infection wards, and urology wards. With the unexpected and rapid increase in antibiotic resistance in various bacterial species, there has been a new alarm for the health of the human community. Enterobacter species cause pneumonitis, bacteremia, post-neurosurgical meningitis, neonatal meningitis, skin and soft tissue infections, and urinary tract infections. Some of the main risk factors for the occurrence and dissemination of Enterobacter spp. infections are poor hand hygiene, crowding, low birth weight, premature birth, intubation of patients, prolonged hospital stay, contaminated infant formula, intravenous feeding, use of extended-spectrum antibiotics and use of intravenous catheters.","PeriodicalId":21081,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Clinical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48763125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"B cell-mediated Immunity against Tuberculosis Infection: A Mini Review Study","authors":"M. Karbalaei, S. Soleimanpour, M. Eslami, B. Yousefi, M. Keikha","doi":"10.22038/RCM.2020.43872.1293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/RCM.2020.43872.1293","url":null,"abstract":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is considered to be a major public health concern and a successful intracellular pathogen associated with high mortality worldwide. The Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine is the only available vaccine for the prevention of tuberculosis (TB) and tubercular meningitis in children. However, BCG is not adequately effective in the treatment of the adults affected to TB. According to the literature, there are controversial data on the potential role of B cells. B cells and humoral immune response play a key role in the amplification of the host immune response against TB. This review study aimed to discuss B cells and humoral immune responses in TB infection and assess its application as a therapeutic option. The monitoring of various B cell phenotypes in TB could be a reliable marker for the prediction of TB in individuals, especially in the latent form. According to the findings, the CMI response (especially Th1 activities) is not sufficient for efficient protection against TB, and B cells and Abs influence the innate immunocytes and Th1, while playing a pivotal role in various outcomes of exposure with tubercle bacilli. Although B cells may contribute to Mtb in the development of active TB, further investigations are required regarding the effects of B cells and humoral immunity on TB pathogenesis and the targeted harmful humoral-mediated response. Moreover, B cells and antibodies could be proper biomarkers to promote the studies regarding the detection of reliable diagnostic tools for the reactivation of latent TB, as well as use as a new generation of therapeutic options.","PeriodicalId":21081,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Clinical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46671380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}