Recent patents on biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Evaluating the Cytotoxicity of Monolayered and Multilayered Carbon Nanotubes on Three Different Human Cell Lines.","authors":"Anahita Marhounian Nezhad,&nbsp;Omid Farshad,&nbsp;Mohammad Hossein Morowvat","doi":"10.2174/1872208316666220820121657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1872208316666220820121657","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nanotechnology and nanobiotechnology have emerged as novel technologies for the production and application of nanoscale materials in different pharmaceutical, medical, and biological fields. Besides, there are a bunch of recently published patents in this field. Although Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) have various advantages and can be applied for a wide variety of purposes, their toxicity on humans is a matter of concern.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate six different types of CNTs, including pristine, carboxylated, and hydroxylated single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs) and multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs) on three human cell lines.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>MTT assay was employed to assess the cytotoxicity of six types of CNTs, including pristine, carboxylated, and hydroxylated forms of SWCNTs and MWCNTs on three different human cell lines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings of the MTT assay showed that the six different types of CNTs (100- 600 μg/mL) exhibited different levels of cytotoxicity on the three human cell lines. The observed trend presented dose-dependent cytotoxicity on the three studied cell lines, including pulmonary, skin, and gastrointestinal cell lines. SWCNT-COOH and MWCNTs accounted for the lowest cell viability in the three human cell lines.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, researchers and industrial workers are recommended to be cautious while working with different types of CNT because all their toxicity dimensions have not been determined yet.</p>","PeriodicalId":21064,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on biotechnology","volume":"17 2","pages":"186-195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9468769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Biotechnological Review on Patents Applied to Rubella Diagnosis.","authors":"Jonatas Oliveira da Silva,&nbsp;Michelli Dos Santos,&nbsp;Ana Amélia Maia Silva,&nbsp;André Vinícius Fernandes Ferreira,&nbsp;Laís Moreira Nogueira,&nbsp;Isadora Braga Gandra,&nbsp;Silvio José Elisei Carvalho Junior,&nbsp;Juliana Martins Machado,&nbsp;Ana Alice Maia Gonçalves,&nbsp;Rodolfo Cordeiro Giunchetti,&nbsp;Mariana Campos-da-Paz,&nbsp;Alexsandro Sobreira Galdino","doi":"10.2174/1872208316666220902094706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1872208316666220902094706","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rubella, caused by the Rubella virus (RV), is considered a mild self-limited illness. However, RV has teratogenic potential. Laboratory investigation plays an important role in both diagnosis and surveillance of the disease. The main methods for diagnosing Rubella are serological assays for the detection of specific IgM and molecular assays for detecting viral RNA. However, some laboratories perform IgG avidity testing, virus isolation and analysis of genetic sequence as tools to help Rubella eradication. The importance of the diagnosis of Rubella involves the appropriate treatment of the disease, because the Rubella clinical symptoms may be similar to those of other diseases, and the population monitoring to avoid new emergent cases. This study addresses different methods of diagnosing Rubella and contributes as a source of knowledge to assist health systems in controlling the disease.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The main objective of this study was to review the available patents regarding Rubella diagnosis published in intellectual property databases, and provides an overview of the technologies available for the diagnosis of Rubella.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The search strategy was based on the keywords searched separately or together using a Boolean operator either in the patent title or abstract the time interval was restricted to patents filed or granted from January 2009 until February 2022. The database used was Google Patents.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study analyzed 24 patent documents regarding strategies for the diagnosis of Rubella. Of these, 15 patents disclose strategies for detecting Rubella antibodies, 7 patents the detection of Rubella virus nucleic acid, and 2 patents the production of antibodies applied in Rubella diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Rubella is still a public health problem in some countries, mainly those in development, especially due to congenital Rubella syndrome, which can cause malformation or fetal death. However, its diagnosis is challenging, due to similarity of symptoms with other diseases, and for this reason, laboratory diagnosis is essential. Studies like this encourage researchers and governments to invest in research to continue the development of new products, using different areas of biotechnology, to solve society's problems, especially diseases that have an impact on global health, such as Rubella.</p>","PeriodicalId":21064,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on biotechnology","volume":"17 4","pages":"332-345"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10063982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethnomedical Applications and Conservation Status of Leguminosae- Caesalpinioideae Plants in Uttar Pradesh, India.","authors":"Shivaraman Pandey,&nbsp;Lav Singh,&nbsp;Ravi Prakash Srivastava,&nbsp;Arun Kumar Kushwaha,&nbsp;Pooja Dixit,&nbsp;Gauri Saxena,&nbsp;Lal Babu Chaudhary","doi":"10.2174/1872208316666220622230215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1872208316666220622230215","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This review highlights the folklore, ethnomedicinal uses and conservation status of Caesalpinioideae in Uttar Pradesh (India).</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>It aims at compiling available data on traditional medicine, biological activity, phytochemical information and assessing the regional red list status of Caesalpinioideae in Uttar Pradesh. The information provided would help in formulating new drugs and medicines and addressing global conservation issues of such medicinally exploited species.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The current study included an extensive and systematic review of available literature, the study of previous collections of herbarium specimens, random interviews with locals and tribals, field surveys, and GeoCAT tool-based assessment during 2016-2020. The study reports that the majority of species of Caesalpinioideae are used for curing digestive problems (about 20 species) and skin diseases (19 species).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Almost all the species have antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. These pharmacological activities can be attributed to the presence of various types of anthraquinones in plants.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The regional conservation status reveals that eight species qualified for the status of regionally threatened category while two species fall under the near threatened category.</p>","PeriodicalId":21064,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on biotechnology","volume":"17 2","pages":"106-141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9456567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioactive Polysaccharides from Microalgae: A Close Look at the Biomedical Applications.","authors":"Mariany C Depra,&nbsp;Rosangela R Dias,&nbsp;Mariana M Maroneze,&nbsp;Tatiele C Nascimento,&nbsp;Ihana A Severo,&nbsp;Leila Q Zepka,&nbsp;Eduardo Jacob-Lopes","doi":"10.2174/1872208316666220820092643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1872208316666220820092643","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is a current tendency towards bioactive natural products that can be used in different areas such as food, pharmaceutical, and biomedical. In the last decades, polysaccharides have attracted increasing interest because of their potent nontoxic effects, therapeutic properties, and diversified range of applications. Polysaccharides are complex and heterogeneous macromolecules constituted of different monosaccharides and, in some cases, of glucuronic acid and sulphate groups. Polysaccharides with biological activity can be derived from plants, animals and microorganisms, especially microalgae. Microalgae are considered one of the most promising sources of these compounds that have already proved to have several important biological properties. In this sense, our objective is to elucidate the use of bioactive polysaccharides from microalgae in biomedical applications, emphasizing the biological activity of these compounds. Furthermore, the microalgal biomass production systems and polysaccharides extraction methods were presented and discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":21064,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on biotechnology","volume":"17 4","pages":"296-311"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9532830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of COVID-19 on Brain and Psychological Health, its Possible Mechanisms, and Coping Strategies.","authors":"Faizan Zarreen Simnani,&nbsp;Dibyangshee Singh,&nbsp;Anmol Choudhury,&nbsp;Ansab Akhtar","doi":"10.2174/1872208316666220617110402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1872208316666220617110402","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>COVID-19 pandemic has been depicted to possess a robust association with psychological disorders. SARS-CoV-2 is the most recent virus of the coronavirus family and has the potential to bind the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) receptor. The receptor is mainly present peripherally and to some extent in the brain. Different psychological and neurodegenerative disorders can arise due to the peripheral origin of destruction. These triggers could be inflammatory pathways releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines reaching the brain and causing neuroinflammation. In continuation with traditional viruses, SARS-CoV-2 too might lead to brain diseases like meningitis, encephalitis, etc. Besides, several peripheral hormonal changes like cortisol can influence neurochemical alterations, thereby inflicting mood-related activities and psychological phenomena. In this regard, health care workers, frontline line warriors and relatives of COVID-19 patients can be the secondary victims; however, patients with COVID-19 remain the primary ones prone to neurological health problems. Several strategies like socialization, engagement, physical activity, etc., are well-opted measures to get relief from and check psychiatric disturbances. The worth of this review can be attributed to the understanding of brain-related mechanisms of COVID-19 in the context of its mechanism of action to create the pathology pertaining to brain disorder, precisely psychological devastation. Likewise, its epidemiological relevance has concisely been mentioned. Furthermore, different categories and classes of people prone to psychological deterioration are briefly elaborated on. Lastly, some coping strategies and approaches have been discussed to minimize or combat mental health problems.</p>","PeriodicalId":21064,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on biotechnology","volume":"17 1","pages":"62-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10864132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence in Accelerating Drug Discovery and Development.","authors":"Anushree Tripathi,&nbsp;Krishna Misra,&nbsp;Richa Dhanuka,&nbsp;Jyoti Prakash Singh","doi":"10.2174/1872208316666220802151129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1872208316666220802151129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Drug discovery and development are critical processes that enable the treatment of wide variety of health-related problems. These are time-consuming, tedious, complicated, and costly processes. Numerous difficulties arise throughout the entire process of drug discovery, from design to testing. Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has recently posed a significant threat to global public health. SARS-Cov-2 and its variants are rapidly spreading in humans due to their high transmission rate. To effectively treat COVID-19, potential drugs and vaccines must be developed quickly. The advancement of artificial intelligence has shifted the focus of drug development away from traditional methods and toward bioinformatics tools. Computer-aided drug design techniques have demonstrated tremendous utility in dealing with massive amounts of biological data and developing efficient algorithms. Artificial intelligence enables more effective approaches to complex problems associated with drug discovery and development through the use of machine learning. Artificial intelligence-based technologies improve the pharmaceutical industry's ability to discover effective drugs. This review summarizes significant challenges encountered during the drug discovery and development processes, as well as the applications of artificial intelligence-based methods to overcome those obstacles in order to provide effective solutions to health problems. This may provide additional insight into the mechanism of action, resulting in the development of vaccines and potent substitutes for repurposed drugs that can be used to treat not only COVID-19 but also other ailments.</p>","PeriodicalId":21064,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on biotechnology","volume":"17 1","pages":"9-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10872414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cypermethrin Toxicity-induced Infertility: An Assessment of Longitudinal Transfer of Protective Potentials of Date Fruit Extracts in Wister Rats.","authors":"Simon A Ubah,&nbsp;Oluwa A Agbonu,&nbsp;Philemon K Columbus,&nbsp;Kenneth O Abah,&nbsp;Ijeoma C Chibuogwu,&nbsp;Abayomi S Bankole,&nbsp;Simon I Enem,&nbsp;Charles E Ejiofor,&nbsp;Isaac O Akefe,&nbsp;Itopa E Ajayi","doi":"10.2174/1872208316666220817092827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1872208316666220817092827","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is a potential for longitudinal and horizontal transfer of the cytotoxic effects of cypermethrin, and evidence suggests that date fruit extracts can ameliorate these cytotoxic effects. Thus, the current study evaluated female Wister rats' fertility and pup parameters after mating males treated with cypermethrin and date fruit (Phoenix dactylifera) extract.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adult Wistar rats (n = 74; 140 - 207 g) were used to conduct this experiment in two phases: The first phase was a single dose toxicity study (n = 18), while the second phase (n = 56) evaluated female Wister rats' reproductive and pup development parameters after mating with male Wistar rats exposed to date fruit extract and cypermethrin. Male rats were distributed randomly into four groups (n = 7 per group) and administered distilled water (Group I); 60 mg/kg cypermethrin (Group II) to simulate infertility; 250 mg/kg date fruit extract alone (Group III); and date fruit extracts plus 60 mg/kg cypermethrin (Group IV). Treated males were then mated with healthy female rats at a ratio of 1:1. Successfully mated females were appraised for conception and pregnancy rates, gestation length, litter size, and weights at birth, and on days 5, 10, 15, and 21 post-partum, an anogenital distance at day-20, sex ratio, and age of pup when hair growth was evident.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed in litter size and male anogenital distance but not in reproductive performance. Also, the study demonstrated that date fruit extract skewed the sex ratio of offspring to more female than male pups when female Wister rats were mated with males that received date fruit extracts alone or cypermethrin and date fruit extracts. The body weight gain did not differ significantly between the control and cypermethrin-treated groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This evidence suggested a longitudinal transfer of the protective effects of date fruit extracts following a weekly exposure of male rats to cypermethrin at 60 mg/kg.</p>","PeriodicalId":21064,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on biotechnology","volume":"17 2","pages":"176-185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9465640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Patent Landscape of Polyhydroxyalkanoates Production by Algae and Cyanobacteria.","authors":"Dielle Pierotti Procópio,&nbsp;Letícia Oliveira Bispo Cardoso,&nbsp;Bruna Bacaro Borrego,&nbsp;Louise Hase Gracioso,&nbsp;Claudio Augusto Oller Nascimento,&nbsp;Elen Aquino Perpetuo,&nbsp;Cassius Vinicius Stevani,&nbsp;Renato Sanches Freire","doi":"10.2174/1872208317666221207145011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1872208317666221207145011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>As global awareness regarding climate change and environmental pollution outcomes arise, eco-friendly and negative emission technologies emerge.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this scenario, polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)-accumulating microorganisms play an important role in the transition from the petrochemical-based non-biodegradable polymer to renewable, eco-friendly, and biocompatible materials. More specifically, CO₂ can be converted to biopolymers through photosynthesis by cyanobacteria and algae, posing as a promising technology for renewable material, CO₂, and petroleum-dependence mitigations. However, although many microorganisms can accumulate PHA intracellularly, limitations persist, such as the elevated cost and limited market availability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Herein is presented a patent-based mapping on technological trends of PHAs production, including its production by microalgae and cyanobacteria using the Questel Orbit Intelligence software (version 1.9.8) in complement with the Espacenet Patent Search database.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The inquiry on PHAs retrieved 34,243 patents filed since 1912, whereas 156 are related to their specific production by photosynthetic microorganisms, evidencing a prospective market for intellectual property.</p>","PeriodicalId":21064,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on biotechnology","volume":"17 3","pages":"271-288"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9818115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential Action of <i>Lactobacillus</i> Probiotics Against Fungi of the Genus <i>Candida</i>: A Bibliographic Review.","authors":"Milton Marcus Neves Sousa Carneiro Pimentel,&nbsp;Janaína de Carvalho Alves,&nbsp;Lúcio Henrique Sousa Pinheiro,&nbsp;Mariana Nougalli Roselino","doi":"10.2174/1872208317666221027093644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1872208317666221027093644","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The use of Lactobacillus probiotics may confer beneficial effects on an individual's health, such as the ability to act against fungi of the genus Candida. There are about 200 species of those yeasts, and they can develop candidiasis infections, which affect about 75% of adult women.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to raise articles that investigated the potential action of several Lactobacillus strains in front of Candida species.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>For this review, 15 articles published between 2015 and 2020 were studied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed the Lactobacillus species L. paracasei, L. acidophilus, L. helveticus, L. rhamnosus, L. reuteri, and L. gasseri have the potential action to inhibit the growth and quantity of colony-forming units of Candida species in vitro studies. Further, they can reduce the rate of candidiasis recurrence and increase the cure rate, mainly when associated with traditional pharmacotherapy, as observed in vivo studies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The time of use and the strain of Lactobacillus probiotics can also be determining factors for the efficiency in the treatment against Candida species, suggesting that a long time of use of Lactobacillus probiotics is directly associated with a better result.</p>","PeriodicalId":21064,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on biotechnology","volume":"17 3","pages":"198-205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9457061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Compact and Efficient Brine Shrimp Hatching Device.","authors":"Alexander Machado Cardoso","doi":"10.2174/1872208317666230119100522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1872208317666230119100522","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Artemia is considered an indispensable live food for rearing many fish and crustacean larvae and can be used in toxicity tests as a safe, practical, and economical method. It is straightforward to create and manipulate; however, many cysts do not hatch as expected.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A new device was used to hatch Artemia salina. The device includes a tubularshaped reservoir, lid with a central hole, heater with a thermostat, air compressor, three porous stones, funnel-shaped bottom, light source, collection valve, switch, and electrical outlet, which permits better control of temperature and aeration in a single apparatus. Different patent devices were used for comparative analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Hatched eggs of Artemia showed that the device was 97% efficient; in comparison, commercial and other devices hatched approximately less than 80% of the cysts. Although Artemia is an easy-to-handle animal, the device described here facilitates changes in the growth parameters and produces more nauplii larvae.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This paper presents a new device that is effective, compact, and successful for hatching brine shrimp cysts, thereby improving Artemia production.</p>","PeriodicalId":21064,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on biotechnology","volume":"17 3","pages":"289-292"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9519065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}