Reproductive biology最新文献

{"title":"Fucoxanthin attenuates LPS-induced endometritis via inhibiting inflammatory factors through the NF-κB pathway","authors":"Qin Yao,&nbsp;Yuejuan Zhang,&nbsp;Qizhi Yan,&nbsp;Junhui Qian","doi":"10.1016/j.repbio.2025.101010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.repbio.2025.101010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Endometritis is an infectious disease of the female reproductive system and commonly treated with antibiotics. However, the high resistance rates to antibiotics necessitate the urgent research for new and effective therapeutic strategies. The aim of this research is to explore the effect of fucoxanthin (FX) on endometritis through in vitro and in vivo assays. The effect of FX on inflammation was first explored in vitro using LPS-induced bovine endometrial epithelial (BEND) cell injury model. After the anti-inflammation effect of FX was confirmed in vitro, the effect of FX on endometritis was investigated in vivo using LPS-induced mice model. The female mice were randomly assigned into control, control + FX, LPS, and LPS + FX (100, 200 mg/kg) groups. The histological features of the uterus and expression levels of NF-κBp65 and inflammatory mediators (COX-2, iNOS, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) in the uterine tissue were compared among the animal groups. Our in vitro results showed that LPS induced BEND cell damage while significantly enhancing the expression of NF-κBp65 and inflammatory mediators (COX-2, iNOS, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α). Nevertheless, pretreatment with FX reversed the abnormal phenomena caused by LPS. In vivo, LPS treatment resulted in obvious histopathological uterus damages, which were alleviated by FX treatment. Consistent with the in vitro assay, FX treatment also inhibited the expression of NF-κBp65 and inflammatory mediators in the animal experiments. Our study implies that FX is a potential therapeutic agent for endometritis. The beneficial function of FX on endometritis was achieved by inhibiting the inflammatory factors through the NF-κB pathway.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21018,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive biology","volume":"25 2","pages":"Article 101010"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143679852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production of monoclonal antibodies targeting plasma membrane of porcine Y-chromosome-bearing sperm","authors":"Onpreeya Chot ,&nbsp;Marninphan Thongkham ,&nbsp;Apinya Satsook ,&nbsp;Chaiwat Arjin ,&nbsp;Supamit Mekchay ,&nbsp;Surat Hongsibsong ,&nbsp;Korawan Sringarm","doi":"10.1016/j.repbio.2025.101009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.repbio.2025.101009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The pig industry is interested in increasing the number of female piglets by using sexed semen. Immunological sperm sexing is a promising method. This study investigated and produced a monoclonal antibody (MAbs) targeted to plasma membrane epitopes on porcine Y-chromosome-bearing sperm. Two BALB/c mice were immunized with 92.08 % high-purity porcine Y-sperm, which was separated by a cell sorter flow cytometer. The hybridoma cells were a fusion of myeloma cells (P3X63Ag8.653) and splenocyte cells from immunized mice. Indirect ELISA screening for positive antibodies produced by a single clone well (C2B2) with a high titer specific to porcine Y-sperm. The C2B2 clone was used to produce and purify C2B2-MAbs, yielding 2.78 ± 0.78 µg/mL. The C2B2-MAbs was highly specific to Y-sperm (100.00 %) and had a low cross-reactivity with X-sperm (3.25 %). Therefore, the percentage cross-reactivity of C2B2-MAbs was low for conventional sperm from various livestock, including 0.34 % for Angus, 0.38 % for Holstein-Friesian, 0.20 % for goats, and 0.25 % for buffalo. The bright fluorescence of FITC displayed by the C2B2-MAbs bound to the plasma membrane of porcine Y-sperm provided evidence of affinity between them. However, the C2B2-MAbs bound to an X-sperm lacked fluorescence. C2B2-MAbs showed specificity for the plasma membrane of porcine Y-sperm, which can be used in porcine semen sexing in further studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21018,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive biology","volume":"25 2","pages":"Article 101009"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143629454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural and molecular dysfunctions in granulosa cells: A key contributor to porcine follicular atresia","authors":"Yajun Guo,&nbsp;Chen Ma,&nbsp;Shiwei Wang,&nbsp;Xuan Wu,&nbsp;Fanghao Yang,&nbsp;Shenming Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.repbio.2025.101008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.repbio.2025.101008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The physiological function and metabolism of granulosa cells (GCs) are highly regulated processes that coordinate cells specification and morphogenesis to produce related cytokines and secretions that are closely associated with follicular development. However, there is no comprehensive understanding of the molecular functions of GCs in follicular atresia. Here, we investigated follicular morphological features, fibrosis, vascular changes, and immune cell distribution. Additionally, we analyzed the correlation between solute carrier transport proteins (SLCs) and amino acids, and characterized the levels of key enzymes in glucose metabolism. Morphological results showed that atretic follicles had increased gradual fibrosis in the stroma, decreased density of the inner microvasculature, lysis of the basement membrane, and collapse of GCs in the follicular antrum. Further results showed that CD68 macrophages and CD163 macrophages were initially distributed in the stroma of the healthy follicles. When the follicle was atretic, the spatiotemporal distribution of CD68 macrophages gradually migrated from the theca cells to the periphery of the collapsed GCs layer in the follicular antrum. Moreover, SLC39A14 and SLC16A1 were most significantly expressed in the GCs of healthy follicles (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01), and this correlation was positively associated with amino acids content. The results also showed that the key enzymes of glucose-related pathways (glycolysis (ALDOC, ENO1, HK1), pyruvate metabolism (LDHA, PDHA1), and tricarboxylic acid cycle (IDH1, OGDA, SDHB, CS) were significantly downregulated in GCs of atretic follicles by proteomic analysis (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). These results revealed morphological changes and associated molecular events during follicular atresia, which may offer a new perspective on the underlying mechanisms of follicular atresia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21018,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive biology","volume":"25 2","pages":"Article 101008"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143535063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Duration of gonadotropin support influences follicle growth and oocyte developmental competence in prepubertal calves","authors":"Ana Rita Tavares Krause ,&nbsp;Fernanda Caminha Faustino Dias ,&nbsp;Gregg Patrick Adams ,&nbsp;Reuben John Mapletoft ,&nbsp;Jaswant Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.repbio.2025.100996","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.repbio.2025.100996","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effect of duration of FSH support on follicle growth and oocyte developmental competence in prepubertal calves was investigated. Experiment 1 tested the effects of duration of FSH support (4 vs 7 days) and method of oocyte maturation (in vitro vs. in vivo) and provided a comparison with sexually mature heifers. Despite the compromising effect of unexpected ovulations in some prepubertal calves, embryo development from oocytes collected following 4 days of FSH support and in vitro maturation was similar to that from sexually mature heifers after 7 days of FSH support and in vivo maturation. In Experiment 2, prepubertal calves were given 4, 6 or 7 days of FSH support and oocytes were matured in vitro. At the time of oocyte collection, the number of follicles ≥ 6 mm was greater (<em>P</em> = 0.03) in calves given 7 days of FSH treatment than 4 days (37.3 ± 5.5 vs. 14.7 ± 2.5), but the number of cumulus-oocyte complexes collected did not differ among groups (<em>P</em> = 0.1). Oocytes from prepubertal calves given 6 days of FSH treatment had higher rates of cleavage and blastocyst formation than 4 or 7 days of treatment (cleavage = 73.2 vs. 51.3 vs. 47.2 % respectively, <em>P</em> = 0.01; blastocyst = 40.9 vs. 20.5 vs. 20.2 % respectively, <em>P</em> = 0.02). In conclusion, six days of FSH support under controlled endogenous LH release by exogenous progesterone in 5-month-old prepubertal calves was associated with greater developmental competence of oocytes than 4 or 7 days.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21018,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive biology","volume":"25 2","pages":"Article 100996"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143464705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-harvest motility and morphological changes of spermatozoa following caudal epididymal recovery in farmed common eland (Tragelaphus oryx) bulls","authors":"Jerico Consolacion ,&nbsp;Francisco Ceacero ,&nbsp;Veit Ny ,&nbsp;Radim Kotrba ,&nbsp;Josef Illek ,&nbsp;Miša Škorič ,&nbsp;Marta Serralle ,&nbsp;Pedro Javier Soria-Meneses ,&nbsp;Ana Josefa Soler ,&nbsp;Tersia Kokošková","doi":"10.1016/j.repbio.2025.100997","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.repbio.2025.100997","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The caudal epididymal recovery of spermatozoa has been utilised in game animal species to preserve genetically superior material after trophy hunting or slaughter, due to the difficulties of handling wild animals. Furthermore, the potential application of assisted reproductive techniques using harvested spermatozoa may contribute towards maintaining genetic diversity in isolated captive populations internationally. However, this technique requires clear and ideally simple protocols for the collection and handling of gametes after the death of the male animals, as the point of harvest is usually remote in game ranching. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate the effects of time after harvesting sperm under basic field conditions from the caudal epididymides of farmed common eland bulls in terms of their sperm motility and morphological changes. The relationship among these sperm quality parameters was also explored. Six bulls (2–2.5 years old; 203 ± 20 kg) were slaughtered, and their epididymal sperm were harvested and assessed for sperm motility and kinematics at minutes 0, 35, 70, 100, together with sperm viability, sperm head morphometry, and morphology at minutes 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 using CASA. Sperm quality sharply declined after 35 minutes of slaughter, but no effects were seen in sperm head morphometry. This study brings the first information regarding the quality of sperm retrieval from the cauda epididymides and sperm quality under physiological conditions in a uniform age group of eland. Future work should consider the effect of animal age and other individual animal traits, as well as the use of various media and extenders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21018,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive biology","volume":"25 2","pages":"Article 100997"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143454625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"E12.5 whole mouse embryo culture","authors":"Maxim A. Filatov,&nbsp;Leonid A. Ilchuk,&nbsp;Iuliia P. Baikova","doi":"10.1016/j.repbio.2025.100995","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.repbio.2025.100995","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Ex utero</em> culture of postimplantation embryos remains one of the unsolved tasks in developmental biology. This technique may be required for infertility treatment, observation of embryo development and assessing the embryotoxicity of certain chemical agents. We describe novel method for E12.5 mouse embryos whole embryo culture system, which maintains embryo viability for 24 h. The culture system is based on the bubbling of pure oxygen through the culture medium. The oxygen was obtained by a chemical method. Each tube containing three embryos held 8 ml of culture medium composed of 6 ml of FBS, 2 ml of DMEM/F12, 80 μl of 40 % glucose and 30 μl of antibiotics (a mixture of penicillin 5000 UI/ml and streptomycin 5000 μg/ml). We observed initiation of auricle formation, as well as progression of eye development. Embryo viability was confirmed by the presence of heartbeat. The ratio of viable embryos after 24 h of culture was 27,78 %. However, many viable embryos exhibited massive hemorrhage attributed to oxygen insufficiency. The described culture system may be useful for the investigation of teratogenic compounds on the development of organs. Nonetheless, it is not suitable for <em>ex utero</em> culture of mouse embryos at more advanced stages due to the fact that embryos at such stages require more oxygen for the development than can be dissolved in the culture medium and consumed by embryos through diffusion. A potential solution to this issue is connecting the embryonic bloodstream to an oxygenator.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21018,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive biology","volume":"25 2","pages":"Article 100995"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143168795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trophoblast-derived factors drive human mesenchymal stem cell differentiation along an endothelial lineage: A model of early placental vasculogenesis","authors":"Claire V. Harper ,&nbsp;Leah Eccles ,&nbsp;James Henstock ,&nbsp;Jayne C. Charnock","doi":"10.1016/j.repbio.2025.100994","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.repbio.2025.100994","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mechanisms controlling the process and patterning of blood vessel development in the placenta remain largely unknown. The close physical proximity of early blood vessels observed in the placenta and the cytotrophoblast, as well as the reported production of vasculogenic growth factors by the latter, suggests that signalling between these two niches may be important. Here, we have developed an <em>in vitro</em> model to address the hypothesis that the cytotrophoblast, by the secretion of soluble factors, drives differentiation of resident sub-trophoblastic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) along a vascular lineage, thereby establishing feto-placental circulation. BM-MSCs (a readily available model for placental stem cells) were treated with conditioned medium containing the secretome from human BeWo trophoblast cells, or endothelial growth medium (EGM2) supplemented with exogenous growth factors (VEGF, IGF1 and EGF) for 10–12 days. Trophoblast-conditioned media, found to contain detectable concentrations of cytokines including VEGF, uPAR, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, IL6 and placental growth factor, induced the expression of the endothelial genes <em>CD31</em>, <em>von Willibrand factor</em> (<em>vWF</em>), <em>FLT-1</em>, <em>VEGFR2</em> and <em>VE-Cadherin</em>. Upregulation of vWF protein was also detected following growth in trophoblast-conditioned media, using immunocytochemistry. Wound healing (migration assay) and Matrigel-tube formation assays confirmed that the BM-MSCs cultured in trophoblast-conditioned media exhibited functional measures of endothelial cells in addition to expressing relevant markers. Identification of key trophoblast-secreted factors and their promotion of endothelial differentiation in BM-MSCs helps advance our theories regarding the close relationship of the mesenchymal stem cell-cytotrophoblast niche in coordinating the complex angiogenic events that occur in the placenta. The <em>in vitro</em> model presented here provides an accessible and reproducible tool for further investigations into placental development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21018,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"Article 100994"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143019196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early and advanced glycation end product analysis from women with PCOS on metformin","authors":"Aditi S. Ambekar ,&nbsp;Nikita Naredi ,&nbsp;Dipankar Malakar ,&nbsp;Y. Vashum ,&nbsp;Pratibha Misra ,&nbsp;Mahesh Kulkarni","doi":"10.1016/j.repbio.2024.100993","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.repbio.2024.100993","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this cross-sectional study, we have analyzed advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in the plasma and follicular fluid of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) taking metformin during <em>in vitro</em> fertilization (IVF) and control women undergoing IVF. Glucose, fructose, fructosamine, carboxymethyl lysine/ arginine (CML/R) proteins, and pentosidine were measured in the plasma and paired follicular fluid. Glycated proteins were characterized by mass spectrometry. Fasting serum glucose and fructosamine were comparable; however, follicular fluid glucose and fructosamine were higher in the PCOS group, and other AGEs remained unaltered. Fructose was lower in both serum and follicular fluid from the PCOS group. A positive correlation between some of these AGEs and sugars estimated was observed. Glucose and fructosamine in the follicular fluid correlated with the antral follicle count. The number of glycated peptides identified in the PCOS group by mass spectrometry was more. Glycated K75, K402 amino acid residues of albumin were detected in the PCOS group only. Additionally, some proteins involved in steroidogenesis and oocyte maturation as well as transporters, and extracellular matrix proteins, were found to be glycated in the PCOS group, which may affect their function. Elevated glucose and fructosamine in the follicular fluid of the PCOS group may contribute to abnormal folliculogenesis. The glycation of albumin should be validated in more samples to be considered as a marker for PCOS diagnosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21018,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"Article 100993"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143019154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel screening approach for stem cell selective inhibitors and their possible translational therapeutic potential for endometriosis","authors":"Naoki Kimura ,&nbsp;Tomoka Takao ,&nbsp;Kazunori Imada ,&nbsp;Masanori Nakakuki ,&nbsp;Satoshi Kajikawa ,&nbsp;Tetsuo Maruyama","doi":"10.1016/j.repbio.2024.100992","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.repbio.2024.100992","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent benign disease characterized by growth of the endometrial tissue outside the uterine wall. Several reports suggest the possibility of the pathogenesis and recurrence of endometriosis being related to functions of stem/progenitor cells of the endometrium. The drawback of the widely used method of using Hoechst 33342, a fluorescent dye, to collect stem cell-like populations, is the requirement of an ultraviolet (UV) excitation source not commonly provided on standard flow cytometers. Here, we aimed to overcome this hurdle by establishing a novel method that uses DyeCycle Green (DCG), a cell-permeable DNA dye, for collecting a significantly higher fraction of stem cell-like side population (SP) from HHUA cells (human endometrial cancer cell line) with standard equipment without a UV laser. Furthermore, subculturing the DCG-SP cells expanded their population remarkably. The DCG-SP cells possessed stem cell-like characteristics with high expression of stem cell markers such as aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 A (ALDH1A), sushi domain containing 2 (SUSD2), increased colony formation ability, and high tumorigenicity in vivo, although the expression of some stem cell markers varied during expansion. We screened inhibitors for selective proliferation of the DCG-SP cells over immortalized endometrial cells (EM-E6/E7/hTERT-2 cells) and identified two effective compounds disulfiram and NSC319726. In addition, these compounds inhibited the colony formation and invasiveness of the DCG-SP cells. Our DCG-mediated screening of SP cells would possibly be translational to identify compounds that selectively target stem cells for the treatment and inhibition of recurrence of endometriosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21018,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"Article 100992"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142974028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insulin and myometrial contractility; Are there any links? A narrative review","authors":"Pedram Ghafourifar ,&nbsp;Zahra Farahani ,&nbsp;Amir Hossein Norooznezhad ,&nbsp;Sedigheh Hantoushzadeh ,&nbsp;Mansour Azimzadeh ,&nbsp;Seyedeh Maedeh Nabavian ,&nbsp;Arezo Behzadian ,&nbsp;Quinn Kern Allely","doi":"10.1016/j.repbio.2024.100991","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.repbio.2024.100991","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Contrary to the evidence supporting the role for insulin in stimulating uterine contraction, only a limited number of studies have highlighted the inhibitory effect of insulin on myometrial contractions in human and rodent. A hypothetical narrative review of the current literature was conducted, revealing the current literature and shows the potential inhibitory effects of insulin on myometrial contractility. These inhibitory mechanisms include activation of adenylyl cyclase signaling pathways, an increase in cAMP production, a decrease in Ca^2 + influx and cytosolic Ca²⁺, hyperpolarization of the cell membrane, and stimulation of NO synthesis. Altered oxytocin sensitivity, structural similarity to relaxin, modulating abscisic acid (ABA) effect, and synergistic interaction with progesterone, adiponectin, and leptin may also represent additional mechanisms for the inhibitory effects of insulin on myometrial contractions. The literature indicates that insulin exhibits inhibitory effects on myometrial contractility. Confirming such a conclusion through future studies may propose insulin as a possible uterine quiescent.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21018,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"Article 100991"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142974025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}