Psychological review最新文献_第4页

Extreme-value signal detection theory for recognition memory: The parametric road not taken. 识别记忆的极值信号检测理论：不走参数化道路。

IF 5.7 1区心理学

Psychological review Pub Date : 2026-06-04 DOI: 10.1037/rev0000615

Constantin G Meyer-Grant, David Kellen, Samuel M Harding, Henrik Singmann

{"title":"Extreme-value signal detection theory for recognition memory: The parametric road not taken.","authors":"Constantin G Meyer-Grant, David Kellen, Samuel M Harding, Henrik Singmann","doi":"10.1037/rev0000615","DOIUrl":"10.1037/rev0000615","url":null,"abstract":"Signal detection theory has long served as a cornerstone of psychological research, particularly in recognition memory. Yet its conventional application hinges almost exclusively on the Gaussian assumption, an adherence rooted more in historical convenience than theoretical necessity that comes with a number of well-documented drawbacks. In this work, we critically examine these limitations and pursue a principled parametric alternative: signal detection theory modeling based on extreme-value distributions of event minima. A key feature of this family of models is its grounding in a behavioral principle of invariance under uniform choice-set expansions, a prediction we empirically validate in a novel recognition-memory experiment. Based on this empirical success, we turn our attention to one particular member of this family, the Gumbelmin model, which has the convenient feature of representing discriminability as a shift in distribution. We benchmark the Gumbelmin model against its Gaussian counterpart across multiple recognition-memory tasks, including confidence-rating, ranking, forced-choice, and detection-plus-identification paradigms. Our findings highlight the model's parsimonious yet successful characterization of recognition-memory judgments, as well as the utility of its associated discriminability index, g', which can be directly computed from a single pair of hit and false-alarm rates. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":21016,"journal":{"name":"Psychological review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148164205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The format of representation for objects in orbit: Composite and internally referenced. 轨道上物体的表示格式：复合和内部引用。

IF 5.8 1区心理学

Psychological review Pub Date : 2026-05-18 DOI: 10.1037/rev0000629

Qihan Wu, Jonathan I Flombaum

{"title":"The format of representation for objects in orbit: Composite and internally referenced.","authors":"Qihan Wu, Jonathan I Flombaum","doi":"10.1037/rev0000629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/rev0000629","url":null,"abstract":"When objects move on circular trajectories that could be described as orbiting, are they represented independently, as when translating linearly, or as parts of a composite system, akin to elements visibly affixed to a rotating structure? This fundamental question matters because representing a satellite as part of a rotating system implies that perception constructs composite representations, including internal references to anchor the system to the external present. We tested this composite representation hypothesis using a tracking task, predicting greater difficulty for rotational compared to translational motion along similar trajectories. Composite representations require additional computational steps to integrate internal and external references, unnecessary steps for independent tracking through translation. Two identical disks were placed on opposite corners of an invisible square, with another pair arranged similarly on a larger concentric square. Participants tracked one designated disk from each pair as they rotated or translated. Performance was significantly worse for rotation. A second experiment showed that visible lines connecting paired disks impaired translational tracking, demonstrating that composite representations can be induced both by visible connections and by the yoking inherent to rotation. Three additional experiments replicated these findings and revealed increased error rates on trials which demanded greater reexpression of relational variables. A sixth experiment extended the reasoning to the freezing illusion, introducing a novel method to quantify illusion strength. Rotation produced a stronger illusion than matched translation. Our findings indicate that principles of object-centered representation apply broadly in visual perception, including axes and relational variables not physically present in the stimulus. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":21016,"journal":{"name":"Psychological review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147964514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Supplemental Material for The Relative Psychometric Function: A General Analysis Framework for Relating Psychological Processes 《相关心理测量函数：相关心理过程的一般分析框架》补充材料

IF 5.4 1区心理学

Psychological review Pub Date : 2026-05-11 DOI: 10.1037/rev0000625.supp

引用次数: 0

Probabilistic forecasting guides dynamic decisions. 概率预测指导动态决策。

IF 5.8 1区心理学

Psychological review Pub Date : 2026-05-11 DOI: 10.1037/rev0000628

Shuze Liu, Yang Xiang, Samuel J Gershman

{"title":"Probabilistic forecasting guides dynamic decisions.","authors":"Shuze Liu, Yang Xiang, Samuel J Gershman","doi":"10.1037/rev0000628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/rev0000628","url":null,"abstract":"Real-world assets-such as projects, jobs, skills, or relationships-change endogenously with continued investment, often improving at variable rates. These structural dynamics pose a challenge: How do we decide what asset to invest in and when to divest from an underperforming asset? In this article, we propose a normative model of asset selection and switching. We hypothesize that people use Bayesian function learning to infer invariant, structural parameter underlying changes in asset performance, and choose assets based on forecasted final performances at a task-specific time horizon. We test the model in four experiments (N = 460) that manipulate the setup (selection vs. switching), time horizons, and statistical properties of asset performance trajectories. The Bayesian forecasting model consistently outperforms myopic alternatives inspired by foraging and study time allocation, which instead assume direct continuation of recent observations and rely solely on them. Our results highlight a distinctive form of future-looking cognition: Humans anticipate how their own actions will shape future asset performance, and draw on representations of underlying structural dynamics to inform their current choices. The Bayesian probabilistic forecasting model therefore offers a principled computational account of how humans make decisions with lasting consequences. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":21016,"journal":{"name":"Psychological review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147869526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A theory-driven approach to understanding individual differences in bilingualism and executive functioning: Beyond a general advantage. 一种理论驱动的方法来理解双语和执行功能的个体差异：超越一般优势。

IF 5.7 1区心理学

Psychological review Pub Date : 2026-05-11 DOI: 10.1037/rev0000631

Ester Navarro, Manali Pathare, Eleonora Rossi

{"title":"A theory-driven approach to understanding individual differences in bilingualism and executive functioning: Beyond a general advantage.","authors":"Ester Navarro, Manali Pathare, Eleonora Rossi","doi":"10.1037/rev0000631","DOIUrl":"10.1037/rev0000631","url":null,"abstract":"The study of bilingualism has increasingly embraced modeling approaches that account for individual differences, reflecting a broader shift toward capturing the complexity of the bilingual experience. However, this shift demands greater consensus on the use of valid and reliable measures, adequately diverse samples, and theory-driven analytical strategies. Without such standards, modeling risks generating theoretically incoherent yet statistically well-fitting models that lack interpretability. In the present article, we conduct a theory-driven examination of recently published data to model bilingualism effects for executive functions. The results revealed that when appropriate theoretical, methodological, and measurement standards were applied, significant, albeit small, effects of bilingualism on executive function emerged, even in a largely homogeneous sample. These findings underscore the need to strengthen research on bilingual individual differences to better understand potential multivariate effects throughout the lifespan and their implications for cognition, aging, and society. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":21016,"journal":{"name":"Psychological review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147869498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A psychological-scaling approach to unraveling the nature of Pigeons' categorization of natural visual objects. 揭示鸽子对自然视觉对象分类本质的心理尺度方法。

IF 5.7 1区心理学

Psychological review Pub Date : 2026-05-11 DOI: 10.1037/rev0000630

Odysseus R P Orr, Edward A Wasserman, Robert M Nosofsky

{"title":"A psychological-scaling approach to unraveling the nature of Pigeons' categorization of natural visual objects.","authors":"Odysseus R P Orr, Edward A Wasserman, Robert M Nosofsky","doi":"10.1037/rev0000630","DOIUrl":"10.1037/rev0000630","url":null,"abstract":"Developing a deep understanding of animal cognition in tasks such as category learning demands that one first achieve an appreciation of an animal's sensory/perceptual/memory world. In this project, we report work that, for the first time, derives a nonhuman high-dimensional psychological-scaling representation for a set of visual objects and uses the representation to predict complex forms of category learning in a nonhuman species. Specifically, we pursue the question of whether pigeons can acquire multiple hard-to-discriminate rock-image categories as defined in the geologic sciences. We test a formal computational model of associative learning on its ability to account quantitatively for pigeons' category learning performance. A prerequisite for applying the model is to embed the rock images in a pigeon psychological similarity space. We achieve that goal by modeling pigeons' performance in an independently conducted same-different discrimination task involving the identical set of to-be-categorized rock images. The models provide a unified and accurate quantitative account of intricate sets of same-different and categorization-confusion data in this high-dimensional rock-categories domain. The psychological similarity space derived for pigeons resembles to a surprising degree one previously derived for humans, but with some notable exceptions, which are crucial to explaining pigeons' detailed patterns of categorization performance. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":21016,"journal":{"name":"Psychological review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147869454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The social relations-approach theory of social hierarchy: Understanding the distinct psychological experiences of status and power. 社会等级的社会关系取向理论：理解地位与权力的不同心理体验。

IF 5.4 1区心理学

Psychological review Pub Date : 2026-04-23 DOI: 10.1037/rev0000618

Nicholas A Hays,Alice J Lee,Steven L Blader,Adam D Galinsky

{"title":"The social relations-approach theory of social hierarchy: Understanding the distinct psychological experiences of status and power.","authors":"Nicholas A Hays,Alice J Lee,Steven L Blader,Adam D Galinsky","doi":"10.1037/rev0000618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/rev0000618","url":null,"abstract":"Despite extensive research on the psychology of power, relatively little theorizing has addressed the psychological experience of the other prevalent base of social hierarchy: status. Furthermore, the field lacks a unified theoretical framework that accounts for the psychological experience of both status and power. To address these gaps, we introduce the social relations-approach theory of social hierarchy. Our theory identifies social relations and approach orientation as the two fundamental dimensions that shape how individuals psychologically experience social hierarchy. We propose that status and power have divergent effects along the social relations dimension but similar effects along the approach dimension. Along the social relations dimension, status heightens a sense of symmetric interdependence across status levels. In contrast, power enhances asymmetric interdependence, with high power experiencing a sense of independence and low power experiencing a sense of dependence. Along the approach dimension, we propose that high power and high status each increase approach orientation but do so through different mechanisms shaped by the social relations dimension. We then offer novel propositions about how status and power differentially guide intrapsychic processes (group identification and attention to and action in pursuit of collective vs. personal goals) and interpersonal processes (trust and rank maintenance concerns). We also theorize how status and power operate in tandem (e.g., when one is high and one is low) and are moderated by properties of the hierarchy, the individual, the group, and national culture. Overall, our theory provides a parsimonious and generative understanding of the psychological experience of social hierarchy. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":21016,"journal":{"name":"Psychological review","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147733907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The evolutionary transition from intentional to overt communication: The role of script recognition. 从有意交流到公开交流的进化转变：文字识别的作用。

IF 5.4 1区心理学

Psychological review Pub Date : 2026-04-23 DOI: 10.1037/rev0000622

Christine Sievers,Cameron Alexander,Derry Taylor,Gökhan Gönül,Fabrice Clément,Klaus Zuberbühler,Hans-Johann Glock

{"title":"The evolutionary transition from intentional to overt communication: The role of script recognition.","authors":"Christine Sievers,Cameron Alexander,Derry Taylor,Gökhan Gönül,Fabrice Clément,Klaus Zuberbühler,Hans-Johann Glock","doi":"10.1037/rev0000622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/rev0000622","url":null,"abstract":"Human communication is generally overt: We address each other with verbal cues, use eye contact, and point for each other, all to be understood and avoid misunderstandings. What are the cognitive underpinnings and evolutionary roots of overt communication? For decades, the Gricean interpretation of overt communication was taken for granted, despite two widely recognized problems: a developmental paradox in language acquisition and a methodological barrier to identifying the presence of its signature features in nonhuman animals. We introduce a further challenge: the \"signaler assumption problem.\" This concerns the mechanism of how signalers are supposed to establish \"common ground.\" We avoid these problems by replacing the Gricean approach with an evolutionarily grounded version of script theory, originally developed to model procedural knowledge. Our updated version of script theory posits that individuals recognize recurring situations as belonging to basic event schemata that form larger sets of patterned social interactions. In social interactions, individuals follow a finite number of scripts and understand others as following the same scripts. If the scripts of different individuals align during a social interaction, common ground is established. It is this common ground rather than mutual higher order mentalizing that renders a predominantly overt communication system possible. We review the theoretical and empirical literature and argue that the perception of social events as hierarchically structured scripts fostered the evolution of overt communication. Script theory offers an empirically more plausible and more parsimonious evolutionary explanation of the emergence of human linguistic communication than Gricean assumptions of complex mentalizing abilities. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":21016,"journal":{"name":"Psychological review","volume":"325 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147733905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Adaptive variability in humans, pigeons, and rats. 人类、鸽子和老鼠的适应性变异。

IF 5.4 1区心理学

Psychological review Pub Date : 2026-04-23 DOI: 10.1037/rev0000620

Janne Reynders,Tom Verguts,Senne Braem

{"title":"Adaptive variability in humans, pigeons, and rats.","authors":"Janne Reynders,Tom Verguts,Senne Braem","doi":"10.1037/rev0000620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/rev0000620","url":null,"abstract":"Adaptively variable behavior can be advantageous in various fields such as sports (unpredictability), art (creativity), science (innovation), and problem solving (thinking outside the box). Although previous studies identified experimental conditions under which humans and nonhuman animals show increased variable decision making, we have only a limited understanding of its underlying cognitive mechanisms. Using a reinforcement learning model, we simulate three different theorized strategies in an adversarial reward learning environment that requires very high variability. These mechanisms are (a) relying on a stochastic generator, (b) increasing one's learning rate, or (c) upvaluing unchosen actions. A systematic parameter search and a policy gradient metalearning algorithm both show that agents can adaptively increase variability with each of those strategies. Next, we fitted our model on existing data sets with humans, pigeons, and rats as subjects in adversarial environments. While all three species can engage in highly variable behavior, we find that only humans upvalue unchosen actions as a strategy to achieve variability. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":21016,"journal":{"name":"Psychological review","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147733906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Supplemental Material for Adaptive Variability in Humans, Pigeons, and Rats 人类、鸽子和大鼠的适应性变异补充材料

IF 5.4 1区心理学

Psychological review Pub Date : 2026-04-16 DOI: 10.1037/rev0000620.supp

引用次数: 0