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A Brief Survey of Creating a Digital Twin Architecture for Virtual Commissioning on the Machine Level 为机器级虚拟调试创建数字孪生体系结构综述
Research Papers Faculty of Materials Science and Technology Slovak University of Technology Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/rput-2022-0009
M. Kopček, Gabriela Križanová, R. Ružarovský
{"title":"A Brief Survey of Creating a Digital Twin Architecture for Virtual Commissioning on the Machine Level","authors":"M. Kopček, Gabriela Križanová, R. Ružarovský","doi":"10.2478/rput-2022-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/rput-2022-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Digitalization is a hot topic today in every business, affecting the whole life cycle of a process or a product. This paper focuses on the design phase of automation systems, especially creating a digital twin of a machine to support the software development of the control system and its virtual commissioning. Different simulation model architectures are introduced, as well as specific use-case. The main objective of this paper is to present three basic types of digital twin architectures for virtual commissioning of production devices and systems. These architectures were investigated and built based on predefined requirements. Collaborative project work for the development of the digital twin and efficiency was defined as one of the requirements. Efficiency is required due to the software and hardware used for the digital twin. Architectures such as centralized, basic distributed and completely distributed were introduced in the paper. Based on the results from observation and testing, the authors recommend using the concept of completely distributed architecture of the digital twin based on the defined requirements. This digital twin architecture separates mechanical engineering and automation engineering with respect to PC stations. Nevertheless, it interconnects them using the standard machine-to-machine software and communication interfaces.","PeriodicalId":21013,"journal":{"name":"Research Papers Faculty of Materials Science and Technology Slovak University of Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85783130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Influence of Liquid Medium on Laser Ablation of Titanium 液体介质对钛激光烧蚀的影响
Research Papers Faculty of Materials Science and Technology Slovak University of Technology Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/rput-2022-0008
B. Bočáková, M. Necpal, M. Sahul
{"title":"Influence of Liquid Medium on Laser Ablation of Titanium","authors":"B. Bočáková, M. Necpal, M. Sahul","doi":"10.2478/rput-2022-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/rput-2022-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Titanium grade 2 plates were modified by a pulsed nanosecond laser beam. The aim was to determine the surface properties after the machining process in two different liquid media. The samples were processed in distilled water and paraffin oil. It was found that a surface with half-surface roughness values with a number of cracks was formed in distilled water. The presence of water reduced the size of the heat-affected zone.","PeriodicalId":21013,"journal":{"name":"Research Papers Faculty of Materials Science and Technology Slovak University of Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84038272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Use of Blockchain Mechanisms in PLC Control and Safety Critical Processes 区块链机制在PLC控制和安全关键过程中的应用
Research Papers Faculty of Materials Science and Technology Slovak University of Technology Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.2478/rput-2021-0018
Dušan Horváth, M. Strémy
{"title":"Use of Blockchain Mechanisms in PLC Control and Safety Critical Processes","authors":"Dušan Horváth, M. Strémy","doi":"10.2478/rput-2021-0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/rput-2021-0018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In a few past years, a lot of cyber-attacks on industrial systems were accomplished. The main point of vulnerability of industrial control systems (ICS) is their connection to the Internet. Standard ICS rely on local solutions; however, with the revolution in the shape of Industry 4.0 concept, there are only a few industrial sectors with no connection to the global network. Some researchers have revealed critical vulnerability of the control systems. In this paper, we briefly summarize the current situation, and introduce our solution to the check of changes in PLC via other nodes in industrial network. The way how to do it is possible through using a checksum of actual code, and comparing with the checksums stored in other nodes.","PeriodicalId":21013,"journal":{"name":"Research Papers Faculty of Materials Science and Technology Slovak University of Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88681250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Increasing the Efficiency of a Robotic Cell Using Simulation 利用仿真技术提高机器人单元的效率
Research Papers Faculty of Materials Science and Technology Slovak University of Technology Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.2478/rput-2021-0021
M. Juhás, B. Juhásová, Eduard Nemlaha, Dominik Charvát
{"title":"Increasing the Efficiency of a Robotic Cell Using Simulation","authors":"M. Juhás, B. Juhásová, Eduard Nemlaha, Dominik Charvát","doi":"10.2478/rput-2021-0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/rput-2021-0021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper deals with the possibilities of increasing the efficiency of a robotic cell. The robot assembly station is a part of a multi-robotic workplace capable of performing solitary operations. The complete production cycle of the cell is subjected to a thorough analysis. Deficiencies, having a direct impact on cell efficiency, are identified. These shortcomings include redundant movements of the robotic arm, the absence of an inspection mechanism for the presence of assembly parts, and inefficient instructions of the production cycle algorithm. The identified deficiencies are eliminated using the CIROS simulation tool. The result of the adjustments is a global 11.4% increase in the efficiency of the robotic cell in terms of time performance.","PeriodicalId":21013,"journal":{"name":"Research Papers Faculty of Materials Science and Technology Slovak University of Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75744245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Controlling a Small Mobile 3-Pi Robot Movement in a Maze Via the Neural Network Using Back-Propagation Learning Method 基于反向传播学习方法的神经网络控制小型移动3-Pi机器人在迷宫中的运动
Research Papers Faculty of Materials Science and Technology Slovak University of Technology Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.2478/rput-2021-0023
Dušan Horváth, Z. Červeňanská
{"title":"Controlling a Small Mobile 3-Pi Robot Movement in a Maze Via the Neural Network Using Back-Propagation Learning Method","authors":"Dušan Horváth, Z. Červeňanská","doi":"10.2478/rput-2021-0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/rput-2021-0023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The contribution is focused on technical implementation of controlling a small mobile 3Pi robot in a maze along a predefined guide line where the control of the acquired direction of the robot’s movement was provided by a neural network. The weights (memory) of the neuron were calculated using a feedforward neural network learning via the Back-propagation method. This article fastens on the paper by the title “Movement control of a small mobile 3-pi robot in a maze using artificial neural network”, where Hebbian learning was used for a single-layer neural network. The reflectance infra-red sensors performed as input sensors. The result of this research is the evaluation based on the experiments that served to compare different training sets with the learning methods when moving a mobile robot in a maze.","PeriodicalId":21013,"journal":{"name":"Research Papers Faculty of Materials Science and Technology Slovak University of Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77201634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Case Study of Building a Digital Twin for a Production System 为生产系统建立数字孪生的案例研究
Research Papers Faculty of Materials Science and Technology Slovak University of Technology Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.2478/rput-2021-0024
Fedor Burčiar, P. Važan, Simona Pulišová
{"title":"Case Study of Building a Digital Twin for a Production System","authors":"Fedor Burčiar, P. Važan, Simona Pulišová","doi":"10.2478/rput-2021-0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/rput-2021-0024","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract As the term of Industry 4.0 becomes more and more relevant with each passing day, it is up to researchers and companies to find solutions to integrating all the technologies it covers. One of those technologies, even though not highly developed, is simulation and building Cyber-Physical Systems for gathering data and improving the production processes. In the research described in this paper, we focused on integrating production data with simulation models in order to make the process of understanding and learning about complex production systems as simple and as quick as possible. This paper contains three sections. The first one introduces the theoretical fundamentals of our research. The second one focuses on the methods used to create a digital model of production system. The final one discusses the results of the conducted experiments, and their impact on further research.","PeriodicalId":21013,"journal":{"name":"Research Papers Faculty of Materials Science and Technology Slovak University of Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87877269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Application of Industrial Computer Tomography to Determine Wood Porosity 工业计算机层析成像测定木材孔隙度的应用
Research Papers Faculty of Materials Science and Technology Slovak University of Technology Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.2478/rput-2021-0020
Eva Buranská, P. Rantuch, I. Buranský, Alexandra Kucmanová
{"title":"Application of Industrial Computer Tomography to Determine Wood Porosity","authors":"Eva Buranská, P. Rantuch, I. Buranský, Alexandra Kucmanová","doi":"10.2478/rput-2021-0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/rput-2021-0020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The main objective of this research was to analyse the limitations of iCT - industrial computer tomography for measuring the wood pores characteristics as a new non-destructive method which is primarily intended to measure and inspect complete components primarily made of plastics or light metal. The subject matter of this paper are wood samples of paulownia (Paulownia tomentosa) and ash (Fraxinus excelsior) before and after thermal treatment. Porosity, pore volume and distribution of pores on the wood samples before and after the heat treatment were measured by iCT Metrotom 1500. The total porosity of the samples before thermal treatment was 5.28 % (paulownia) and 14.90 % (ash), while after thermal treatment, porosity increased to 9.50 % (paulownia) and to 30.78 % (ash). Changes in the porosity of the samples before and after heat treatment show an increase in porosity of 3.87 % (paulownia) and 15.88 % (ash).","PeriodicalId":21013,"journal":{"name":"Research Papers Faculty of Materials Science and Technology Slovak University of Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83784468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Industry Communication Based on TCP/IP Protocol 基于TCP/IP协议的工业通信
Research Papers Faculty of Materials Science and Technology Slovak University of Technology Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.2478/rput-2021-0025
Martin Barton, Roman Budjac, P. Tanuška, P. Schreiber, Tibor Horák
{"title":"Industry Communication Based on TCP/IP Protocol","authors":"Martin Barton, Roman Budjac, P. Tanuška, P. Schreiber, Tibor Horák","doi":"10.2478/rput-2021-0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/rput-2021-0025","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The design of control systems needs to ensure communication between multiple PLCs or external IoT devices. Furthermore, there are several ways of communication between them. This article dealt with the PLC communication based on TCP/IP protocol, and compared several communication options between two PLCs of the S7-300 and S7-1200 series connected using Profinet with a solution built in C# connected to the PLC via an OPC server. We used MODBUS TCP, TCON, and PUT/GET program blocks for comparison. We transmitted a digital Boolean data type and an analogue value of the integer data type via Profinet to read data from the S7-300 PLC and send data to the S7-1200. We compared the programming instructions standardly used as a client/server PLC programming with a Windows Forms application, and evaluated the advantages and disadvantages of this solution even when using external IoT devices. The solution was applied and successfully tested for communication between PLC S7-1200 and Nvidia Jetson Nano. We wrote program instructions for PLC in Siemens Tia Portal V15.","PeriodicalId":21013,"journal":{"name":"Research Papers Faculty of Materials Science and Technology Slovak University of Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89386584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Virtual Control Object for Siemens Logic Controllers and Online PLC Education 西门子逻辑控制器的虚拟控制对象及PLC在线教学
Research Papers Faculty of Materials Science and Technology Slovak University of Technology Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.2478/rput-2021-0019
Michal Bilčík, M. Strémy, Dominika Janíková, Dušan Horváth
{"title":"Virtual Control Object for Siemens Logic Controllers and Online PLC Education","authors":"Michal Bilčík, M. Strémy, Dominika Janíková, Dušan Horváth","doi":"10.2478/rput-2021-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/rput-2021-0019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper deals with the possibility of creating virtual C # models connectable to a virtual PLC of Siemens. The models will lead to the improvement and simplification of the online PLC education. Hardware solutions cost a lot of money, while using a software version of PLC leads to cheaper simulations. Paper presents the design and implementation of the virtual models, including the ways of the interconnection with PLCSIM, visualization and finally demonstration for the selected virtual model.","PeriodicalId":21013,"journal":{"name":"Research Papers Faculty of Materials Science and Technology Slovak University of Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81310396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Analysis of Lifelong Learning in Industrial Enterprises in the Border Regions of the Slovak Republic and the Czech Republic 斯洛伐克与捷克边境地区工业企业终身学习分析
Research Papers Faculty of Materials Science and Technology Slovak University of Technology Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.2478/rput-2021-0028
Jana Mesárošová, M. Behúlová, A. Pauliková
{"title":"Analysis of Lifelong Learning in Industrial Enterprises in the Border Regions of the Slovak Republic and the Czech Republic","authors":"Jana Mesárošová, M. Behúlová, A. Pauliková","doi":"10.2478/rput-2021-0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/rput-2021-0028","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Lifelong learning is a conscious learning process with the aim of acquiring knowledge, skills and competences throughout an individual’s life. For lifelong learning to be successful, learning activities must meet market requirements. Correct skills of employees and a serious approach to lifelong learning are now being viewed as essential meet the skills and workforce needs of the future. Well-adjusted education system improves quality of life and sense of self-esteem of employees, besides it brings benefits of competitiveness for the whole company. The key goal of the article was to identify the current needs of lifelong learning in industrial enterprises in technical fields. The conducted questionnaire survey was focused on the companies in the border regions of the Slovak Republic (the Trnava, Trenčín and Žilina regions) and the Czech Republic (the South Moravian, Zlín and Moravian-Silesian regions). The research was aimed primarily at the companies in the machinery and automotive industries. Based on the results of the questionnaire, the requirements for the training focused on technical areas such as: materials engineering, mechanical engineering, computer aided design and production preparation, automation and control of technological processes and mechatronic systems, production quality, IT security and others were defined.","PeriodicalId":21013,"journal":{"name":"Research Papers Faculty of Materials Science and Technology Slovak University of Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81497908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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