Pure and Applied Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"A brief history of risk assessment for agrochemicals","authors":"K. R. Solomon","doi":"10.1515/pac-2024-0215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2024-0215","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Risk assessment of pesticides has its roots in the same process for chemicals in general, both of which are relatively recent. Pesticides such as oxides of sulfur and some minerals were also used by early civilizations but the concepts of dose-response and risk as a probability were only documented in the literature (books) in the 1500s and 1600s, respectively. Formal use of toxic dose and safety factors for humans was developed as inorganic and organic pesticides entered the market after the 1930s, but only made use of simple hazard ratios to characterize danger. This approach continued until adoption of the concept of probability of exposure of humans to pesticides via dietary exposure, but not sensitivity of humans. It was in 1980s–90s that the use of probability was suggested as a way of characterizing variation in sensitivity of species in the environment as well as the exposures in environmental matrices. As we move into the future, risk assessment of agrochemicals will evolve to include new frameworks and approaches for dealing with conflicting data, such as Weight of Evidence.","PeriodicalId":20911,"journal":{"name":"Pure and Applied Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141265907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review on the green chemistry perspective of multipurpose use of cow urine","authors":"Nikita Pandit, Chetana Deoghare, Sujoy K. Chaudhury","doi":"10.1515/pac-2024-0216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2024-0216","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The use of cow urine (CU) in treating a variety of illness can be traced back to ancient ages. It has been referred as an important and integral component of Cowpathy – an age-old practice in Indian sub-continent since the Vedic period (1500 BC – 600 BC). The CU contains several important compounds that are essential in maintaining a balance between the well-being of human and the nature. It is composed of about 95 % water and other useful ingredients such as urea, hormones, lyase enzyme, and salts containing Fe, Ca, P, Mn, S, N, and K. In addition, it also contains lactose, cytokine, and amino acid which are the fundamental building blocks of protein. Researchers have developed various processes for the green synthesis of CU concentrate and evaluated its usefulness in treating various diseases owing to its antibacterial and antifungal properties. Further, CU has also shown promising immunity boosting and anti-oxidant characteristics. Even though human civilization has benefited from the use of CU in treating various types illness but the modern scientific understanding of the cause-effect relationships was partly developed in the last few decades. There exists a huge knowledge gap and a comprehensive study on exploring the science and application of CU hasn’t been reported. This paper reviews the historical perspective, compositional analysis, processing, applications, knowledge gap, and future research required in the field of therapeutic usage of CU.","PeriodicalId":20911,"journal":{"name":"Pure and Applied Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141267724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gold nanoparticles capped with α-cyclodextrin for dual colorimetric sensing of Fe3+ and Cr3+ in tap water","authors":"Istianah, Charlena, Sri Sugiarti, Agustina Sus Andreani","doi":"10.1515/pac-2024-0211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2024-0211","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A rapid colorimetric assay for the dual detection of Fe3+ and Cr3+ using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) capped with α-cyclodextrin was developed. The synthesized AuNPs produced a red wine color with a particle size of 8.60 ± 1.55 nm and were stable for 9 months. Detection of Fe3+ and Cr3+ changed the color of the AuNPs solution to bluish purple with a detection time of <1 and 10 min, respectively. Reaction of the AuNPs with Fe3+ and Cr3+ also increased the particle size of the AuNPs to 16.18 ± 2.28 nm and 17.33 ± 1.71 nm, respectively. Characterization of the AuNPs using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction showed that the presence of Fe3+ would damage the structure of the AuNPs, whereas Cr3+ would not. This colorimetric sensor is sensitive toward Fe3+ and Cr3+ with limits of detection of 265.92 and 430.80 μg/L, respectively. The dual ion sensing ability of the AuNPs was also assessed by individually detecting Fe3+ and Cr3+ in tap water samples in South Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia.","PeriodicalId":20911,"journal":{"name":"Pure and Applied Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141271001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An antimicrobial acrylic polyurethane coating with TiO2-Ag hybrid nanoparticles","authors":"Thien Vuong Nguyen, Truc Vy Do, Thu Ha Hoang, Tuan Anh Nguyen, Le Trong Lu, Thi Mat Le, Thanh Minh Pham, Raa Khimi Shuib, Dai Lam Tran","doi":"10.1515/pac-2024-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2024-0019","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this work is to fabricate the advanced organic antibacterial coating containing the strong photocatalytic nanomaterials. For this purpose, firstly the TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>–Ag hybrid nanoparticles are synthesized by chemical reduction method. Then, the antibacterial coating based on acrylic polyol, polyisocyanate, and these TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>–Ag hybrid nanoparticles has been prepared. Mechanical properties show that the optimal content of TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>–Ag hybrid nanoparticles in the coating matrix is 2 wt%, with its abrasion resistance of 166.2 L/mil; impact strength of 195 kg cm; adhesion of size #1 and relative hardness of 0.78. In addition, FE-SEM analysis shows that the nanocomposite coating has a tight structure with homogeneous dispersion of TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>–Ag nanoparticles in the polymer matrix. The paint film has good antibacterial activity and has great application prospects. Data from the antibacterial test indicates that in the presence of an acrylic polyurethane coating containing 2 wt% TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>–Ag, the number of viable <jats:italic>Escherichia coli</jats:italic> decreased from 3.4 × 10<jats:sup>5</jats:sup> CFU/ml to 1.5 × 10<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> CFU/ml after 24 h of culture.","PeriodicalId":20911,"journal":{"name":"Pure and Applied Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141196636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological potentials of Landolphia owariensis leaf methanolic extract against pathogenic fungi isolates from different Dioscorea species","authors":"Olaitan C. Okechukwu, Enitan O. Adesanya","doi":"10.1515/pac-2023-1129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2023-1129","url":null,"abstract":"Regarding economic significance, the Dioscoreaceae family, which includes the well-known Dioscorea (yam) species, is the fourth most important tuber crop globally. A basic meal found all across the world, yams encourage and ensure the food security of households. Although they are challenging to preserve and store however a post-harvest deterioration control must be developed. Over the years, Nigerian farmers have employed medicinal herbs to manage post-harvest pest invasion; nevertheless, the scientific basis for this fungal management has not yet been well documented. As a result, <jats:italic>Landolphia owarensis</jats:italic> leaf extract was used as a biological control, and fungi were isolated from <jats:italic>Dioscorea cayenensis</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Dioscorea alata</jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Discorea rotundata</jats:italic>. Samples of yam tubers – both rotten and healthy – were procured in the markets and brought to the lab for fungus isolation and identification. Leaves of <jats:italic>Landolphia oweriensis</jats:italic> were collected, air-dried, milled, and macerated in pure methanol for 72 h, extracted and concentrated with a rotary evaporator. The agar-well diffusion method was used for the biological control assay against the fungal isolates. The biological control results were presented as mean ± SD (standard deviation) while analysis of variance (Anova) was used to deduce least significant difference (LSD). A total number of 605 fungi isolates were observed in which <jats:italic>D</jats:italic>. <jats:italic>cayenensis</jats:italic> had the highest, 50.58 %, <jats:italic>D. alata</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Discorea rotundata</jats:italic> 24.71 % respectively. <jats:italic>Aspergillus niger</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Aspergillus fumigatus</jats:italic> were found in the three species while <jats:italic>Aspergillus flavus</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Rhizopus stolonifer</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Collentotricum spp</jats:italic>. and <jats:italic>Penicillium spp</jats:italic>. in either of the species. <jats:italic>L. owarensis</jats:italic> methanolic leaves extracts possesses biological potentials against <jats:italic>Colletotrium spp., A. fumigatus</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>A. niger</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>A. flavus</jats:italic> only. The problem of postharvest fungal invasion of <jats:italic>Dioscorea</jats:italic> species can be solved with the inhibition observed with <jats:italic>L. owarensis</jats:italic> methanolic leaves extracts as a biological control measure thereby sustaining food security in the world.","PeriodicalId":20911,"journal":{"name":"Pure and Applied Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141169579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Producing an antibacterial acrylic polyurethane coating with acylated mimosa tannins","authors":"Tuan Anh Nguyen, Thu Ha Hoang, Truc Vy Do, Thien Vuong Nguyen, Thi My Hanh Trinh, Minh Nguyet Ha, Khanh Linh Duong, Le Trong Lu, Raa Khimi Shuib, Dai Lam Tran","doi":"10.1515/pac-2024-0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2024-0018","url":null,"abstract":"This work aims to fabricate the antibacterial coating with green biocide successfully. For this purpose, mimosa tannins were acylated with lauroyl chloride’s aid and pyridine’s support as a catalyst in the 1,4-dioxane, hexane and xylene solvents. Infrared analysis showed that mimosa tannins synthesized in the 1,4-dioxane were acylated better than in the other two solvents. FE-SEM analysis of the paint film showed that the acylated mimosa tannins at a content of 5 % dispersed quite well in the polymer matrix. The results of analyzing the mechanical properties of the paint film containing acylated mimosa tannins with contents ≤5 % show that the mechanical properties of the paint film are only slightly reduced compared to the mechanical properties of the pure coating, reaching the values: adhesion of size #1; abrasion resistance of 132.8 L/mil; impact strength of 170 kg cm and a relative hardness of 0.78. Antibacterial testing shows that the paint film containing 5 wt% acylated mimosa tannins have good antibacterial activity.","PeriodicalId":20911,"journal":{"name":"Pure and Applied Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141169858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current advances in QuEChERS extraction of mycotoxins in various food and feed matrices","authors":"Mesha Mbisana, Dikabo Mogopodi, Inonge Chibua","doi":"10.1515/pac-2023-1133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2023-1133","url":null,"abstract":"Mycotoxins are common contaminants in food and feed in Africa, and their occurrence presents negative health and economic impacts. One step towards control is the adoption of highly efficient extraction methods for effective monitoring. QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) has gained popularity among researchers for multiple mycotoxin analyses. Various modifications of the original QuEChERS method have emerged as means to achieve maximum mycotoxin recoveries from different matrices, such as cereals, animal feed, nuts, edible oils, and spices. This review provides a summary of the occurrence of multiple mycotoxins in Africa as well as a summary of the QuEChERS modifications done to increase the extraction of mycotoxins from food and feed samples.","PeriodicalId":20911,"journal":{"name":"Pure and Applied Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141169613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Avogadro Colloquia in Rome on “Vision and Opportunities of a Sustainable Hydrogen Society”","authors":"Lidia Armelao, E. Giamello, Gaetano Guerra, Maria Chiara Carrozza","doi":"10.1515/pac-2024-0229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2024-0229","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The fifth edition of Avogadro Colloquia entitled “From Water to Chemicals: Vision and Opportunities of a Sustainable Hydrogen Society”, jointly organized by the Department of Chemical Sciences and Materials Technologies of the National Research Council (DSCTM CNR) and the Italian Chemical Society (SCI), was held at the CNR headquarters in Rome on December 15th–16th, 2022. This relevant periodic conference of SCI also was the first event for the celebrations of the Centenary of the Italian CNR. This edition of the Colloquia was focused on the technologies for hydrogen production and use in the so-called green transition towards a society with reduced CO2 emissions. Such technologies well fit the objectives recommended by the United Nations and by Mission EU2030 for the mitigation of the climate change. Greeting addresses to this event were given by the CNR president Maria Chiara Carrozza, the president of SCI Gaetano Guerra, the elected president of the European Chemical Society (EuChemS) Angela Agostiano, the IUPAC president Javier García Martínez and the director of DSCTM CNR Lidia Armelao. All the representatives of the national and international chemical societies underlined the key role of chemical sciences and innovative materials in the green transition.","PeriodicalId":20911,"journal":{"name":"Pure and Applied Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141106709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation of composite based on MXene-Ti3C2 and coconutshell-derived activated carbon for desalination of brackish water","authors":"N. T. Thom, Hoang Thai Ha, Vu Thi Thu, Pham Thi Nam, Nguyen Tuan Anh, D. T. M. Thanh, R. K. Shuib, Tran Dai Lam","doi":"10.1515/pac-2024-0107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2024-0107","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 MXenes is a new two-dimensional material which is gaining more attention in recent years for applications in catalysis, energy storage, and environmental remediation. In this study, MXene-Ti3C2 is synthesized from precursor MAX-Ti3AlC2 via etching method and then combined with coconutshell-derived activated carbon to provide a highly conductive and porous composite. The composite will be later employed as electrode materials in capacitive deionization for water desalination. The results have shown an increase in specific capacitance by 3.7 times in the composite (0.5 wt% MXene-Ti3C2) when compared with pure activated carbon. These promising results have proved the possibility to use MXenes-based composites for desalination and other treatment techniques for salted water.","PeriodicalId":20911,"journal":{"name":"Pure and Applied Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140973926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes reinforcement on self-healing performance of natural rubber","authors":"Noor Faezah Mohd Sani, R. K. Shuib, M. H. Zainol, N. Othman, Dai Lam Tran","doi":"10.1515/pac-2024-0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2024-0028","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This work is motivated by the desire to restore the quality of rubber-based product properties with the intention of prolonging the service life period, thus helping create a sustainable environment by proposing effective rubber waste management. This study experimentally investigated an intrinsically self-healing zinc thiolate grafted natural rubber (NRZT) compound filled with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) to assess its influence on mechanical properties and self-healing performance. The MWCNT loading varied to 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 phr. The Equilibrium swelling test was used to quantify the amount of ionic and covalent crosslinks formed. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra were used to detect the presence of MWCNT in the compound. The mechanical properties computed by the tensile and tear strength tests showed that the incorporation of MWCNT increased both properties up to three and twofold, respectively. However, as expected, the elongation at break (Eb) value was reduced. The unfilled sample showed that it can heal up to ∼98 %, measured from the tensile strength. However, the healing efficiency obtained from tensile strength reduces to ∼88 % by incorporating 2 phr MWCNT. The Eb and its self-healing efficiency gradually decreased as the MWCNT amount increased. All samples showed outstanding properties under the tearing mode, where the healed samples produced higher tear strength (>100 % healing) than the initial value. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) micrographs revealed a noticeable gap along the healed cut line with increased MWCNT numbers, possibly due to the lower reaction between polymerized zinc thiolate (PZTh) radicals with zinc thiolate (ZT) and rubber molecules. The work aims to investigate the influence of MWCNTs on the mechanical and healing performance of self-healing NR composites by comparing them to their unfilled sample.","PeriodicalId":20911,"journal":{"name":"Pure and Applied Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140973843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}