Psychotherapy最新文献

{"title":"The use of questions in psychotherapy: A review of research on immediate outcomes.","authors":"Elizabeth Nutt Williams","doi":"10.1037/pst0000471","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pst0000471","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article defines and illustrates therapist questions in individual psychotherapy and then reviews the naturalistic, empirical research on their effectiveness. The research on immediate impacts of questions in psychotherapy has been mixed. The available research indicates that positive impacts, particularly of open questions, include increased client emotional expressiveness and affective exploration. However, negative impacts have also been found, suggesting that questions may be related to negative client perspectives of the therapist's empathy and helpfulness and session smoothness. The article focuses on definitions and clinical examples as well as research findings and limitations. The article concludes with training implications and therapeutic practice recommendations based on the empirical research. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20910,"journal":{"name":"Psychotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10154627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Working with dreams and nightmares: A review of the research evidence.","authors":"Patricia T Spangler, Wonjin Sim","doi":"10.1037/pst0000484","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pst0000484","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this article, we describe methods for working with dreams and nightmares in individual psychotherapy, provide clinical examples, and review research evidence of immediate and distal outcomes of each method. An original meta-analysis of eight studies using the cognitive-experiential dream model with 514 clients showed moderate effect sizes for session depth and insight gains. In the nightmare treatment literature, a previous meta-analysis of 13 studies with 511 clients showed moderate to large effects in reducing nightmare frequency and small to moderate effects in decreasing sleep disturbance for imagery rehearsal therapy and exposure, relaxation, and rescripting therapy. Limitations of the current meta-analysis of cognitive-experiential dreamwork and of the reviewed research on nightmare methods are described. Training implications and therapeutic practice recommendations are provided. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20910,"journal":{"name":"Psychotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10156619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paradoxical interventions: A meta-analysis.","authors":"Paul R Peluso, Robert Freund","doi":"10.1037/pst0000481","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pst0000481","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article outlines the evidence base for the use of paradoxical interventions (PIs) in individual psychotherapy. Often misunderstood, PIs have shown long-term (distal) impacts on clinical outcomes, yet a review of the existing literature on these interventions illustrates a trending decline in consideration and use within both research and applied settings. Definitions of PIs and their constituent elements are presented along with clinical examples. We conducted one meta-analysis comparing PIs with a placebo or control and another comparing PIs to other therapeutic methods. PIs demonstrated a large effect (<i>d</i> = 1.1, <i>k</i> = 17 studies) compared to controls and a medium effect size (<i>d</i> = .49, <i>k</i> = 17 studies) compared to other therapeutic methods. We included a review of several case studies using PIs as well. Among the salient findings, there is a lack of assessment measure to track the implementation of PIs in session or a method to track their in-session effects. Further, there is a dearth of contemporary quantitative experimental research and development of PIs. We further advocate for the development and integration of PI training and supervision into clinical education and posteducation programs, given the current data demonstrating clinical utility. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20910,"journal":{"name":"Psychotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10212941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction of Morales et al. (2018).","authors":"","doi":"10.1037/pst0000478","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pst0000478","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reports the retraction of \"Therapist effects due to client racial/ethnic status when examining linear growth for client- and therapist-rated working alliance and real relationship\" by Katherine Morales, Brian TaeHyuk Keum, Dennis M. Kivlighan Jr., Clara E. Hill and Charles J. Gelso (<i>Psychotherapy</i>, 2018[Mar], Vol 55[1], 9-19) https://doi.org/10.1037/pst0000135. This retraction is at the request of coauthors Kivlighan, Hill, and Gelso after the results of an investigation by the University of Maryland Institutional Review Board (IRB). The IRB found that the study included data from between one and four therapy clients of the Maryland Psychotherapy Clinic and Research Laboratory (MPCRL) who either had not been asked to provide consent or had withdrawn consent for their data to be included in the research. Coauthors Morales and Keum were not responsible for obtaining and verifying participant consent but agreed to the retraction of this article (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2018-11631-003.) Using data from 3,263 sessions nested within 144 clients, nested within 19 therapists, we examined client- and therapist-rated working alliance (WA) and real relationship (RR) at Session 3 and growth in WA and RR across the course of open-ended psychodynamic psychotherapy for clients who identified as racial/ethnic minority (REM) or as White. To be included in the analyses, therapists had to work with at least 2 REM and 2 White clients. There were no significant therapist effects for the interaction between client- or therapist-rated WA and client REM status at Session 3, or for client- or therapist-rated RR and client REM status at Session 3. There were, however, significant therapist effects due to client REM status on the interaction between client-rated linear growth in WA and RR, showing that some therapists had stronger WA and RR growth with REM than that with White clients, whereas other therapists had stronger alliance growth with White than that with REM clients. There were significant therapist effects on therapist-rated linear growth in both WA and RR, which indicated that some therapists reported stronger WA and RR growth with all of their clients, whereas other therapists reported weaker WA and RR growth for all of their clients, although this differential WA and RR growth was not related to clients' REM status. Implications for practice and research are discussed in this paper. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20910,"journal":{"name":"Psychotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10219584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research review of psychotherapists' use of metaphors.","authors":"Linda M McMullen, Dennis Tay","doi":"10.1037/pst0000473","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pst0000473","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Therapists' use of metaphor in psychotherapy is ubiquitous. However, compared to theoretical and clinical claims about the potential effectiveness of using metaphor, research investigations pose challenges and remain relatively sparse. We provide examples of metaphors in sessions and then systematically review the empirical literature. This research suggests that collaborative coelaboration of metaphors with clients is related to positive in-session client outcomes, particularly cognitive engagement. Future research might benefit from a more in-depth focus on the process and impacts of using metaphors. We draw out implications from the research for clinical training and psychotherapy practice. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20910,"journal":{"name":"Psychotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10037978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review of the association between interpretations and immediate, intermediate, and distal outcomes.","authors":"Sigal Zilcha-Mano, Hadar Fisher, Tohar Dolev-Amit, John R Keefe, Jacques P Barber","doi":"10.1037/pst0000479","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pst0000479","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Interpretations are a hallmark of psychodynamic treatment and a method used in other theoretical orientations as well. Therapists use interpretations to increase patients' insight concerning unconscious and preconscious elements in their lives, with the ultimate aim to reduce mental pain and suffering and improve mental health. This systematic review focuses on the association between the therapists' use and accuracy of interpretation and immediate (within-session), intermediate (between-session), and distal (end-of-treatment) outcomes. This synthesis of the research literature is based on 18 independent samples of 1,011 total patients in individual psychotherapy. The results suggest that the use and accuracy of interpretations were associated, in half the studies, with patient disclosure of emotions and increased insight at the immediate, moment-to-moment enfolding of the session. At the intermediate postsession outcome, the use of interpretations was associated with a stronger alliance and greater depth, in half the studies. At the end of treatment, however, while there is some evidence for a positive effect of the use of interpretations on treatment success, there are also neutral effects and even evidence that interpretations have the potential to be harmful in some particular situations. The article concludes with training implications and therapeutic practices based on the integration of clinical experience and research evidence. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20910,"journal":{"name":"Psychotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10355445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive restructuring and psychotherapy outcome: A meta-analytic review.","authors":"Iony D Ezawa, Steven D Hollon","doi":"10.1037/pst0000474","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pst0000474","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cognitive restructuring (CR) is one method that is hypothesized to play a role in the process of change across many psychotherapies and for a variety of clinical presentations. In this article, we define and illustrate CR. We then present a meta-analysis of four studies (including a total of 353 clients) examining the effect of CR measured within session on psychotherapy outcomes. The overall CR-outcome association was <i>r</i> = .35 (95% CI [.24, .44]; equivalent of <i>d</i> = 0.85). While more research on CR and immediate psychotherapy outcomes is needed, there is accumulating encouraging evidence regarding the therapeutic effect of CR. We conclude by advancing implications for clinical training and therapeutic practices. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20910,"journal":{"name":"Psychotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10440210/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10156591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating between-session homework in psychotherapy: A systematic review of immediate in-session and intermediate outcomes.","authors":"Truls Ryum, Mia Bennion, Nikolaos Kazantzis","doi":"10.1037/pst0000488","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pst0000488","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[Correction Notice: An Erratum for this article was reported in Vol 60(3) of <i>Psychotherapy</i> (see record 2023-99100-002). In the article (https://doi.org/10.1037/ pst0000488), the number of included studies in Figure 2 omitted two studies that were added to the literature synthesis. Therefore, the following has been added to the Reports excluded box in Figure 2: A further two studies were added to the research synthesis by author knowledge. All versions of this article have been corrected.] This article reviews the evidence for between-session homework (BSH) in individual psychotherapy. Whereas previous reviews have demonstrated a positive association between-client compliance with BSH and distal treatment outcomes; here, we pay particular attention to therapist behaviors that may promote client engagement with BSH assessed as immediate (in-session) and intermediate (session-to-session) outcomes, and moderators of these effects. For our systematic review, we identified 25 studies with 1,304 clients and 118 therapists, mostly on cognitive behavioral therapy such as exposure-based treatments with depression and anxiety disorders. A box score approach was utilized to summarize findings. Results for immediate outcomes were mixed but neutral. Results for intermediate outcomes were positive. Presenting a convincing rationale, being flexible in collaboratively designing, planning, and reviewing homework tasks in accordance with the clients' goals, aligning BSH with the clients' takeaways from the session and providing a written summary of homework and rationale, are some therapist behaviors that can promote client engagement with BSH. We conclude with research limitations, training implications, and therapeutic practices. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20910,"journal":{"name":"Psychotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10156617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supplemental Material for I See You as Recognizing Me; Therefore, I Trust You: Operationalizing Epistemic Trust in Psychotherapy","authors":"","doi":"10.1037/pst0000501.supp","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/pst0000501.supp","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20910,"journal":{"name":"Psychotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78903950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supplemental Material for Asian International Psychotherapist’s Experiences of Client’s Microaggression in Therapy","authors":"","doi":"10.1037/pst0000502.supp","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/pst0000502.supp","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20910,"journal":{"name":"Psychotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90733779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}