Radiation research最新文献

{"title":"Low-dose Ionizing Radiation, a Protective Intervention to Mitigate Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion-induced Brain Damage and Cognitive Deficits in the Rat.","authors":"Valentin Beaufils, Fatima-Azzahra Dwiri, Julie Bécam, Laurent Chazalviel, Jérôme Toutain, Carole Brunaud, Laurent Chatre, Samuel Valable, Myriam Bernaudin, Omar Touzani, Elodie A Pérès","doi":"10.1667/RADE-25-00135.1","DOIUrl":"10.1667/RADE-25-00135.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vascular dementia is a leading cause of cognitive decline, with few effective treatment options currently available. Within the framework of hormesis, treatment with low-dose ionizing radiation (LDIR<0.1 Gy) has been proposed as a promising therapy for neurodegenerative diseases. This study investigates the effects of LDIR on cognitive decline, brain damage, blood-brain barrier permeability, and oxidative stress in a rat model of vascular dementia. After chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH), the whole brain was exposed to 0.3 Gy of X rays, delivered in 0.1 Gy fractions over three consecutive days, beginning at day 1 or day 7 after occlusion. LDIR effects were evaluated using behavioral tests, MRI, post-mortem analyses, and in vitro analyses. Early exposure to LDIR attenuated recognition memory deficits induced by CCH. LDIR applied one day after occlusion reduced alterations in brain tissue integrity attributed to CCH and mitigated neuronal loss in the hippocampus. Moreover, LDIR counteracted CCH-induced blood-brain barrier permeabilization and improved survival of epithelial cells subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation. LDIR modulated oxidative stress by altering the reactive species interactome and activating antioxidant enzymes. Brain exposure to low-dose ionizing radiation modulates the events triggered by CCH and thus attenuates cognitive decline and brain damage in the rat.</p>","PeriodicalId":20903,"journal":{"name":"Radiation research","volume":" ","pages":"548-562"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147318298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Individualized Dose-volume Reconstruction Workflow for the Normal Tissues of Pediatric Patients Treated with Passive Scattering Proton Therapy.","authors":"Keith T Griffin, Jan Schuemann, Aimee L McNamara, Sergio Morató, Kebert Joseph, Caroline E Esposito, Jungwook Shin, Matthew M Mille, Jae Won Jung, Choonik Lee, Cari M Kitahara, Todd M Gibson, Amy Berrington de González, Torunn I Yock, Harald Paganetti, Choonsik Lee","doi":"10.1667/RADE-25-00150.1","DOIUrl":"10.1667/RADE-25-00150.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The United States National Cancer Institute has launched a large epidemiological cohort study comparing subsequent cancer risks from photon and proton radiotherapy in pediatric cancer patients. Clinical data, including electronic radiotherapy files, are being collected from 17 treatment centers across the United States and Canada for dose reconstruction and risk analyses. Although clinical dose distributions exported from treatment planning systems (TPS) are available, they typically represent only partial-body dose and are less accurate in heterogeneous regions with large density variations, such as bone or lung, and in areas far out-of-field. Monte Carlo (MC) simulations are considered the most accurate method for addressing these issues but can be computationally intensive. In this pilot study, we developed a framework for large-scale MC calculation of normal tissue dose for patients treated with passive scattering proton therapy. Our automated MC workflow was developed for a supercomputing environment to simulate patient-specific treatments, incorporating detailed modeling of the beamline nozzle and the patient's anatomy from computed tomography images. For patients with limited imaging data, our workflow extends partial-body images into whole-body anatomical models. Normal tissues on the patient images were delineated using automated segmentation tools. We tested the approach by calculating dose and dose volume for 30 patients treated at a single institution. For organs far out-of-field, the MC simulation method allowed characterization of scatter dose not captured by the TPS, spanning magnitudes from tenths to tens of cGy, depending on treatment technique, body size, and the organ dose being calculated. For most near-field normal tissues, MC and TPS dose differences were within 5%, but for organs near the distal beam edge, MC simulations occasionally revised dose estimates by multiple Gy. Neutron dose estimates ranged from 0.1 cGy far out-of-field to 15 cGy near-field. Use of the supercomputing environment allowed dose reconstruction in a practical timeframe, achieving statistical uncertainties of <5% for nearly all organ dose estimates, typically in under one h per patient. Future extension of these methods to the full study cohort will enable large-scale dose estimation and dose-response analyses to advance our understanding of the late health effects of radiotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":20903,"journal":{"name":"Radiation research","volume":" ","pages":"323-335"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12998727/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147318296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging Roles of Multiparametric Biodosimetry and Artificial Intelligence in Advancing Radiation Dose Assessment for Triage.","authors":"Adayabalam S Balajee","doi":"10.1667/RADE-25-00234.1","DOIUrl":"10.1667/RADE-25-00234.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biodosimetry plays a crucial role in radiation emergency preparedness and response by enabling efficient allocation of medical resources through prioritization of individuals needing urgent care to improve survival outcomes. As currently available biodosimetry tools vary widely in sensitivity and specificity, a single assay may not be sufficient for various exposure scenarios that differ in radiation quality (low or high LET, single or mixed beam), radiation dose, dose rate (low or high), and exposure mode (acute or chronic, whole or partial body). Complex mass-casualty incidents may require a tiered multiparametric biodosimetry (MPBD) approach to improve dose prediction accuracy and the scalability of radiation dose measurements. A tiered MPBD approach can be developed by carefully combining clinical signs and symptoms with biological and physical dosimetry assays to achieve rapid screening (24-48 h after the incident), exposure dose categorization for medical treatment (minimal exposure <1 Gy, moderate exposure 1-2 Gy, severe exposure 2-6 Gy, and lethal exposure >6 Gy), and definitive dose assessment to predict and monitor long-term health risks. This review proposes a strategic tiered MPBD approach that integrates artificial intelligence (AI)-based tools to support effective medical triage in the aftermath of small- and large-scale radiological/nuclear incidents.</p>","PeriodicalId":20903,"journal":{"name":"Radiation research","volume":" ","pages":"146-159"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146207520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroprotective Effects of Melatonin on Neurotrophic, Apoptotic/Antiapoptotic and Inflammation Markers in the Rat Cerebrum and Cerebellum after Cranial Radiotherapy.","authors":"Fatih Hacımustafaoğlu, Serhat Aras, Yalçın Erzurumlu, Burcu Çaykara Peran","doi":"10.1667/RADE-25-00237","DOIUrl":"10.1667/RADE-25-00237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aims to investigate the radioprotective effects of melatonin (MEL) against oxidative damage that may be caused by flattening filter (FF) and flattening filter-free (FFF) beam in the cerebrum and cerebellum of rat using various genetic markers. Forty female Wistar albino rats were randomly assigned to five groups. The control group received no intervention. The FF group received a single 16 Gy fraction at 600 MU/min. The FF+MEL group received the same FF protocol, preceded by melatonin (50 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) administered 15 min before irradiation. The FFF group received a single dose of 16 Gy at 2,400 MU/min. The FFF+MEL group received the same FFF protocol with melatonin administered as above. After treatment, cerebrum and cerebellum tissues were harvested, and mRNA expression levels of BDNF, CREB, BAX, BCL2 and IL6 were measured. Both FF and FFF radiotherapy treatments significantly increased BDNF, CREB, IL6, and BAX gene expression in cerebrum and cerebellum tissues, while decreasing BCL2 levels (P < 0.05). Melatonin treatment increased BDNF and CREB expression, significantly attenuated radiation-induced increases in IL6 and BAX, and partially reversed the decrease in BCL2 (P < 0.05). The increase in the BAX/BCL2 ratio after radiotherapy was significantly attenuated by melatonin treatment. Overall, FFF irradiation induced a stronger oxidative, inflammatory, and pro-apoptotic response than FF, whereas melatonin exhibited potent neuroprotective and anti-apoptotic effects. In conclusion, MEL demonstrates potential as a protective agent for healthy tissues during irradiations, owing to its antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and neurotrophic properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":20903,"journal":{"name":"Radiation research","volume":" ","pages":"366-373"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146207522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Mechanisms of FLASH Radiotherapy in Alleviating Lung Normal Tissue Injury: Insights from Single-Cell Sequencing.","authors":"Ziyang Guo, Yin Luo, Jianxin Wang","doi":"10.1667/RADE-25-00125","DOIUrl":"10.1667/RADE-25-00125","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>FLASH radiotherapy (FLASH-RT), with its ultra-high dose rate (≥40 Gy/s) that causes the \"FLASH effect,\" significantly reduces normal tissue toxicity while maintaining tumor cytotoxicity, but its molecular mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Previous studies have identified a protective mitochondrial homeostasis mechanism in normal cells during proton FLASH-RT. To further investigate this mechanism, we used an orthotopic lung cancer mouse model to compare the effects of FLASH-RT with conventional radiotherapy and employed single-cell sequencing to comprehensively analyze differences in single-cell gene expression profiles between normal lung tissue and tumors after irradiation. The results indicate that FLASH-RT protects normal lung tissue by regulating the immune microenvironment, inhibiting oxidative stress, reducing epithelial cell apoptosis, and maintaining mitochondrial function. In tumors, a differential molecular response occurs, involving activation of autophagy/apoptosis pathways, enhancement of cellular stress responses, disruption of mitochondrial homeostasis to reduce ATP production, and regulation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway to induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. This work reveals the molecular mechanisms of FLASH-RT, providing a theoretical basis for its clinical application and advancing precision radiotherapy for cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":20903,"journal":{"name":"Radiation research","volume":" ","pages":"374-385"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146181917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiation Adaptive Response Enhances Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells Radioresistance in Mice: IL-17 Signaling Pathway Activation as the Underlying Mechanism.","authors":"Ying Fan, Yunqi Mo, Zhanyu Wang, Dan Cai, Meng Jia, Lei Wu, Jianan Ma, Na Huang, Liping Shen, Yaqiong Li, Zhidong Wang, Maoxiang Zhu, Qi Wang, Zhenhua Qi","doi":"10.1667/RADE-25-00136.1","DOIUrl":"10.1667/RADE-25-00136.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Radiation adaptive response (RAR) significantly improves resistance to subsequent high-dose radiation exposure. While hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are known to be crucial for radiation protection, their specific roles and response mechanisms in RAR remain unclear. Systematic investigation of these processes could reveal valuable therapeutic targets for developing HSPCs-focused radiation protection strategies. We establish a radiation-adaptive mouse model by administering a priming dose of 0.5 Gy γ rays after a 14-day interval and then investigate the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of RAR on HSPCs. Our results demonstrate that 0.5 Gy pre-irradiation significantly enhances the radioresistance of HSPCs against subsequent 6.5 Gy irradiation, attenuates the radiation-induced suppression of both HSPCs quantity and repopulation capacity, and consequently facilitating the restoration of hematopoiesis. Additionally, 0.5 Gy irradiation alone increases the DNA damage and apoptosis of HPCs and LSKs, which in turn activates dormant HSCs but attenuates their long-term repopulating capability. Notably, 0.5 Gy irradiation activates the IL-17 signaling pathway in LSKs and upregulates IL-17A expression in both plasma and jejunum. Neutralization of IL-17A not only abrogates the RAR induced by 0.5 Gy pre-irradiation but also attenuates the protective effect of this pre-irradiation on HSPCs. This study systematically elucidates the radioprotective effects of RAR on mouse bone marrow cell subsets, unveils the important potential role of the IL-17 signaling pathway in RAR, and provides new insights into the underlying mechanisms of radiation-adaptive protection. It also provides theoretical support for the development of targeted intervention strategies in radiation protection for HSPCs.</p>","PeriodicalId":20903,"journal":{"name":"Radiation research","volume":" ","pages":"244-258"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146166497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Back with Weight: Revisiting Very Heavy Ions for Precision Radiotherapy.","authors":"Jeannette Jansen, Olga Sokol, Yolanda Prezado, Marco Durante","doi":"10.1667/RADE-25-00177.1","DOIUrl":"10.1667/RADE-25-00177.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Accelerated charged particles offer significant physical advantages over X rays in radiotherapy. In addition to their superior depth-dose distribution, heavy ions offer notable biological benefits over protons. Specifically, at therapeutic energies, very heavy ions are expected to exhibit high relative biological effectiveness and a low oxygen enhancement ratio, making them potentially ideal for treating radioresistant tumors. Over fifty years ago, the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory started a clinical trial to treat cancer patients with particles ranging from helium to argon. However, treatments with ions of atomic number greater than 10 proved highly toxic to normal tissue. Most patients ultimately received treatment with helium ions, which have biological effects similar to those of protons. In recent years, novel strategies have emerged that can reduce normal tissue toxicity in radiotherapy while preserving tumor control. These advancements open the possibility of revisiting the clinical use of heavier ions. In this paper, we propose that neon ions may serve as an effective modality for treating resistant, hypoxic tumors. Their associated toxicity may be mitigated by employing approaches such as ultra-high-dose-rate (FLASH) or spatially fractionated radiotherapy. Current plans and prospects for the clinical application of neon ions will be discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":20903,"journal":{"name":"Radiation research","volume":" ","pages":"113-128"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145834505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurements of Hydrogen Peroxide Yields in Ultra-High-Dose-Rate vs. Conventional Radiation.","authors":"Bethany Rothwell, Wook-Geun Shin, Jay A LaVerne, Teresa Rodriguez Gonzalez, Kebert Joseph, Tsz-Yui Chan, Qianyi Huang, Ethan Cascio, Jan Schuemann","doi":"10.1667/RADE-25-00190.1","DOIUrl":"10.1667/RADE-25-00190.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a key product of water radiolysis formed predominantly through hydroxyl (OH) radical recombination, plays a critical role in understanding radiation-induced oxidation processes. Differences in H2O2 yields under ultra-high dose rate (UHDR) and conventional dose rate (CDR) radiation have been proposed as a potential contributor to the FLASH healthy tissue sparing effect. Radiolytic H2O2 yields were determined under UHDR (∼120 Gy/s) and CDR (1-5 Gy/s) proton irradiation in both deaerated and oxygen-saturated systems. An escape yield of ∼0.7 molecules/100 eV was observed in deaerated solutions. In oxygen-saturated systems, yields increased to ∼1.0 molecules/100 eV due to reactions involving oxygen-derived radicals. To investigate the temporal dependence of H2O2 production, various concentrations of methanol or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were added as OH radical scavengers. In deaerated systems, H2O2 yields approached zero as scavenging capacity increased, highlighting the critical role of OH radical combination reactions. In oxygen-saturated systems, moderate scavenging initially increased H2O2 yields via interactions between OH radicals and oxygen-derived species, but at higher scavenging capacities (∼108 s-1), yields declined sharply due to the suppression of OH radical combination reactions. Methanol produced higher H2O2 yields than DMSO under oxygenated conditions, with a maximum yield approximately 40% greater than that for DMSO. Measurements using γ rays produced the same trends. UHDR irradiation did not yield statistically significant differences in H2O2 production compared to conventional radiation. Simulations using the TOPAS-nBio framework confirmed the experimental findings and provided insight into the influence of scavenger concentrations on H2O2 yields. These findings highlight the sensitivity of H2O2 yields to scavenging conditions and emphasize the need for more complex models to study fundamental radiation chemistry in biological systems. This work provides essential data for validating radiation chemistry models and advancing our understanding of radiation chemistry in different environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":20903,"journal":{"name":"Radiation research","volume":" ","pages":"129-139"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13430615/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145800605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Ultra-High Dose-Rate Radiotherapy (FLASH-RT) on the Hematopoietic and Immune Systems: An Animal Study.","authors":"Tosol Yu, Yujeong Yoon, Chul-Won Choi, Jin-Young Kim, Young-Min Moon, Tae Gen Son, Dong Hyeok Jeong, Manwoo Lee, Heuijin Lim, Kyoung Won Jang, Hyun Kim, Hak Jae Kim, Wan Jeon, Min-Young Choi","doi":"10.1667/RADE-23-00181.1","DOIUrl":"10.1667/RADE-23-00181.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ultra-high dose-rate radiotherapy, also known as FLASH radiotherapy (FLASH-RT), reduces radiation-induced damage in several organs. This study aimed to compare the effects of FLASH-RT and conventional dose-rate radiotherapy (CONV-RT) at 3 Gy and 5 Gy of total-body irradiation (TBI) on the survival of the hematopoietic system, peripheral blood cells, and immune-related responses. C57BL/6N male mice were divided into controls (0 Gy), FLASH-RT (109 Gy/s), and CONV-RT (0.067 Gy/s) groups. FLASH-RT was performed using the DIRAMS LINAC, producing 6-MeV electron beams. Irradiated mice were sacrificed on days 1, 2, 4, 7, 14, 21, and 28 after TBI at 3 Gy and 5 Gy. Peripheral blood cell counts were not significantly different between the FLASH-RT and CONV-RT groups, except for platelets on days 2-28 after 5 Gy TBI. FLASH-RT initially caused a greater reduction in myeloblasts in bone marrow, platelets and eosinophils in peripheral blood than CONV-RT. The white pulp area in the spleen decreased from days 1-7 after TBI, but gradually increased from day 14 after FLASH-RT, with the white pulp area in the FLASH-RT group being significantly larger than that in the CONV-RT group at day 14 and 28. The T-lymphocytes of the CONV-RT group recovered less than those of the FLASH-RT group at day 14 after 3 Gy and at day 28 after 5 Gy, respectively. FLASH-RT can induce similar damage and recovery patterns in the hematopoietic system as CONV-RT, but FLASH-RT might cause a faster recovery of T-lymphopenia than CONV-RT.</p>","PeriodicalId":20903,"journal":{"name":"Radiation research","volume":" ","pages":"164-174"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145550267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hatsumi Nagasawa (1935-2025).","authors":"Edouard Azzam, Takamitsu Kato, Susan Bailey, Joel Bedford, David Chen, Eric Chuang, Paul Wilson, Tom Hei","doi":"10.1667/RADE-25-000HN.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1667/RADE-25-000HN.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20903,"journal":{"name":"Radiation research","volume":"205 2","pages":"206-208"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147654608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}