Progress in molecular and subcellular biology最新文献

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The Role of Centromere Defects in Cancer. 着丝粒缺陷在癌症中的作用。
Progress in molecular and subcellular biology Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-58592-5_22
Thian Thian Beh, Paul Kalitsis
{"title":"The Role of Centromere Defects in Cancer.","authors":"Thian Thian Beh,&nbsp;Paul Kalitsis","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-58592-5_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58592-5_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The accurate segregation of chromosomes to daughter cells is essential for healthy development to occur. Imbalances in chromosome number have long been associated with cancers amongst other medical disorders. Little is known whether abnormal chromosome numbers are an early contributor to the cancer progression pathway. Centromere DNA and protein defects are known to impact on the fidelity of chromosome segregation in cell and model systems. In this chapter we discuss recent developments in understanding the contribution of centromere abnormalities at the protein and DNA level and their role in cancer in human and mouse systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":20880,"journal":{"name":"Progress in molecular and subcellular biology","volume":"56 ","pages":"541-554"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/978-3-319-58592-5_22","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35344529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
The Power of Xenopus Egg Extract for Reconstitution of Centromere and Kinetochore Function. 爪蟾卵提取物对着丝粒和着丝粒功能重建的作用。
Progress in molecular and subcellular biology Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-58592-5_3
Bradley T French, Aaron F Straight
{"title":"The Power of Xenopus Egg Extract for Reconstitution of Centromere and Kinetochore Function.","authors":"Bradley T French,&nbsp;Aaron F Straight","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-58592-5_3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58592-5_3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Faithful transmission of genetic information during cell division requires attachment of chromosomes to the mitotic spindle via the kinetochore. In vitro reconstitution studies are beginning to uncover how the kinetochore is assembled upon the underlying centromere, how the kinetochore couples chromosome movement to microtubule dynamics, and how cells ensure the site of kinetochore assembly is maintained from one generation to the next. Here we give special emphasis to advances made in Xenopus egg extract, which provides a unique, biochemically tractable in vitro system that affords the complexity of cytoplasm and nucleoplasm to permit reconstitution of the dynamic, cell cycle-regulated functions of the centromere and kinetochore.</p>","PeriodicalId":20880,"journal":{"name":"Progress in molecular and subcellular biology","volume":"56 ","pages":"59-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/978-3-319-58592-5_3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35346768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Orchestrating the Specific Assembly of Centromeric Nucleosomes. 协调着丝粒核小体的特定组装。
Progress in molecular and subcellular biology Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-58592-5_7
Ewelina Zasadzińska, Daniel R Foltz
{"title":"Orchestrating the Specific Assembly of Centromeric Nucleosomes.","authors":"Ewelina Zasadzińska,&nbsp;Daniel R Foltz","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-58592-5_7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58592-5_7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Centromeres are chromosomal loci that are defined epigenetically in most eukaryotes by incorporation of a centromere-specific nucleosome in which the canonical histone H3 variant is replaced by Centromere Protein A (CENP-A). Therefore, the assembly and propagation of centromeric nucleosomes are critical for maintaining centromere identify and ensuring genomic stability. Centromeres direct chromosome segregation (during mitosis and meiosis) by recruiting the constitutive centromere-associated network of proteins throughout the cell cycle that in turn recruits the kinetochore during mitosis. Assembly of centromere-specific nucleosomes in humans requires the dedicated CENP-A chaperone HJURP, and the Mis18 complex to couple the deposition of new CENP-A to the site of the pre-existing centromere, which is essential for maintaining centromere identity. Human CENP-A deposition occurs specifically in early G1, into pre-existing chromatin, and several additional chromatin-associated complexes regulate CENP-A nucleosome deposition and stability. Here we review the current knowledge on how new CENP-A nucleosomes are assembled selectively at the existing centromere in different species and how this process is controlled to ensure stable epigenetic inheritance of the centromere.</p>","PeriodicalId":20880,"journal":{"name":"Progress in molecular and subcellular biology","volume":"56 ","pages":"165-192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/978-3-319-58592-5_7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35348606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 25
Molecular Mechanisms of Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Activation and Silencing. 纺锤体组装检查点激活和沉默的分子机制。
Progress in molecular and subcellular biology Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-58592-5_18
Kevin D Corbett
{"title":"Molecular Mechanisms of Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Activation and Silencing.","authors":"Kevin D Corbett","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-58592-5_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58592-5_18","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In eukaryotic cell division, the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint (SAC) plays a key regulatory role by monitoring the status of chromosome-microtubule attachments and allowing chromosome segregation only after all chromosomes are properly attached to spindle microtubules. While the identities of SAC components have been known, in some cases, for over two decades, the molecular mechanisms of the SAC have remained mostly mysterious until very recently. In the past few years, advances in biochemical reconstitution, structural biology, and bioinformatics have fueled an explosion in the molecular understanding of the SAC. This chapter seeks to synthesize these recent advances and place them in a biological context, in order to explain the mechanisms of SAC activation and silencing at a molecular level.</p>","PeriodicalId":20880,"journal":{"name":"Progress in molecular and subcellular biology","volume":"56 ","pages":"429-455"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/978-3-319-58592-5_18","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35444657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 34
Centromeric Cohesin: Molecular Glue and Much More. 中心粒粘合素:分子胶和更多
Progress in molecular and subcellular biology Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-58592-5_20
Mihailo Mirkovic, Raquel A Oliveira
{"title":"Centromeric Cohesin: Molecular Glue and Much More.","authors":"Mihailo Mirkovic, Raquel A Oliveira","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-58592-5_20","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-319-58592-5_20","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sister chromatid cohesion, mediated by the cohesin complex, is a prerequisite for faithful chromosome segregation during mitosis. Premature release of sister chromatid cohesion leads to random segregation of the genetic material and consequent aneuploidy. Multiple regulatory mechanisms ensure proper timing for cohesion establishment, concomitant with DNA replication, and cohesion release during the subsequent mitosis. Here we summarize the most important phases of the cohesin cycle and the coordination of cohesion release with the progression through mitosis. We further discuss recent evidence that has revealed additional functions for centromeric localization of cohesin in the fidelity of mitosis in metazoans. Beyond its well-established role as \"molecular glue\", centromeric cohesin complexes are now emerging as a scaffold for multiple fundamental processes during mitosis, including the formation of correct chromosome and kinetochore architecture, force balance with the mitotic spindle, and the association with key molecules that regulate mitotic fidelity, particularly at the chromosomal inner centromere. Centromeric chromatin may be thus seen as a dynamic place where cohesin ensures mitotic fidelity by multiple means.</p>","PeriodicalId":20880,"journal":{"name":"Progress in molecular and subcellular biology","volume":"56 ","pages":"485-513"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/978-3-319-58592-5_20","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35444659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 17
35 Years of Marine Natural Product Research in Sweden: Cool Molecules and Models from Cold Waters. 瑞典海洋天然产物研究35年:来自冷水的冷分子和模型。
Progress in molecular and subcellular biology Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-51284-6_1
Lars Bohlin, Paco Cárdenas, Anders Backlund, Ulf Göransson
{"title":"35 Years of Marine Natural Product Research in Sweden: Cool Molecules and Models from Cold Waters.","authors":"Lars Bohlin,&nbsp;Paco Cárdenas,&nbsp;Anders Backlund,&nbsp;Ulf Göransson","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-51284-6_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51284-6_1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Currents efforts in marine biodiscovery have essentially focused on temperate to tropical shallow water organisms. With more than 6000 species of marine plants and animals, the Kosterfjord area has the richest marine biodiversity in Swedish waters, but it remains understudied. The overall objective of our marine pharmacognosy research is to explore and reveal the pharmacological potential of organisms from this poorly explored region. More generally, we wish to understand aspects of structure-activity relationships of chemical interactions in cold-water marine environment (shallow and deep). Our strategy is based on ecologically guided search for compounds through studies of physiology and organism interactions coupled to identification of bioactive molecules guided by especially in vivo assays. The research programme originated in the beginning of the 1980s with a broad screening of Swedish marine organisms using both in vitro and in vivo assays, resulting in isolation and identification of several different bioactive molecules. Two congenerous cyclopeptides, i.e. barettin and 8,9-dihydrobarettin, were isolated from the deep-sea sponge Geodia barretti, and structurally elucidated, guided by their antifouling activity and their affinity to a selection of human serotonin receptors. To optimize the activity a number of analogues of barettin were synthezised and tested for antifouling activity. Within the EU project BlueGenics, two larger homologous peptides, barrettides A and B, were isolated from G. baretti. Also, metabolic fingerprinting combined with sponge systematics was used to further study deep-sea natural product diversity in the genus Geodia. Finally, the chemical property space model 'ChemGPS-NP' has been developed and used in our research group, enabling a more efficient use of obtained compounds and exploration of possible biological activities and targets. Another approach is the broad application of phylogenetic frameworks, which can be used in prediction of where-in which organisms-to search for novel molecules or better sources of known molecules in marine organisms. In a further perspective, the deeper understanding of evolution and development of life on Earth can also provide answers to why marine organisms produce specific molecules.</p>","PeriodicalId":20880,"journal":{"name":"Progress in molecular and subcellular biology","volume":"55 ","pages":"1-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/978-3-319-51284-6_1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34764816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Critical Foundation of the Kinetochore: The Constitutive Centromere-Associated Network (CCAN). 着丝点的关键基础:组成着丝粒相关网络(CCAN)。
Progress in molecular and subcellular biology Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-58592-5_2
Masatoshi Hara, Tatsuo Fukagawa
{"title":"Critical Foundation of the Kinetochore: The Constitutive Centromere-Associated Network (CCAN).","authors":"Masatoshi Hara,&nbsp;Tatsuo Fukagawa","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-58592-5_2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58592-5_2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The kinetochore is a large protein complex, which is assembled at the centromere of a chromosome to ensure faithful chromosome segregation during M-phase. The centromere in most eukaryotes is epigenetically specified by DNA sequence-independent mechanisms. The constitutive centromere-associated network (CCAN) is a subcomplex in the kinetochore that localizes to the centromere throughout the cell cycle. The CCAN has interfaces bound to the centromeric chromatin and the spindle microtubule-binding complex; therefore, it functions as a foundation of kinetochore formation. Here, we summarize recent progress in our understanding of the structure and organization of the CCAN. We also discuss an additional role of the CCAN in the maintenance of centromere position and dynamic reorganization of the CCAN.</p>","PeriodicalId":20880,"journal":{"name":"Progress in molecular and subcellular biology","volume":"56 ","pages":"29-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/978-3-319-58592-5_2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35346766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 36
Biocalcite and Carbonic Acid Activators. 生物方解石和碳酸活化剂。
Progress in molecular and subcellular biology Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-51284-6_7
Xiaohong Wang, Meik Neufurth, Emad Tolba, Shunfeng Wang, Heinz C Schröder, Werner E G Müller
{"title":"Biocalcite and Carbonic Acid Activators.","authors":"Xiaohong Wang,&nbsp;Meik Neufurth,&nbsp;Emad Tolba,&nbsp;Shunfeng Wang,&nbsp;Heinz C Schröder,&nbsp;Werner E G Müller","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-51284-6_7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51284-6_7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Based on evolution of biomineralizing systems and energetic considerations, there is now compelling evidence that enzymes play a driving role in the formation of the inorganic skeletons from the simplest animals, the sponges, up to humans. Focusing on skeletons based on calcium minerals, the principle enzymes involved are the carbonic anhydrase (formation of the calcium carbonate-based skeletons of many invertebrates like the calcareous sponges, as well as deposition of the calcium carbonate bioseeds during human bone formation) and the alkaline phosphatase (providing the phosphate for bone calcium phosphate-hydroxyapatite formation). These two enzymes, both being involved in human bone formation, open novel not yet exploited targets for pharmacological intervention of human bone diseases like osteoporosis, using compounds that act as activators of these enzymes. This chapter focuses on carbonic anhydrases of biomedical interest and the search for potential activators of these enzymes, was well as the interplay between carbonic anhydrase-mediated calcium carbonate bioseed synthesis and metabolism of energy-rich inorganic polyphosphates. Beyond that, the combination of the two metabolic products, calcium carbonate and calcium-polyphosphate, if applied in an amorphous form, turned out to provide the basis for a new generation of scaffold materials for bone tissue engineering and repair that are, for the first time, morphogenetically active.</p>","PeriodicalId":20880,"journal":{"name":"Progress in molecular and subcellular biology","volume":"55 ","pages":"221-257"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/978-3-319-51284-6_7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34764289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Entotheonella Bacteria as Source of Sponge-Derived Natural Products: Opportunities for Biotechnological Production. 海绵衍生天然产品的来源:生物技术生产的机会。
Progress in molecular and subcellular biology Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-51284-6_9
Agneya Bhushan, Eike E Peters, Jörn Piel
{"title":"Entotheonella Bacteria as Source of Sponge-Derived Natural Products: Opportunities for Biotechnological Production.","authors":"Agneya Bhushan,&nbsp;Eike E Peters,&nbsp;Jörn Piel","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-51284-6_9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51284-6_9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Marine sponges belong to the oldest animals existing today. Apart from their role in recycling of carbon and nitrogen in the ocean, they are also an important source of a wide variety of structurally diverse bioactive natural products. Over the past few decades, a multitude of compounds from sponges have been discovered exhibiting diverse, pharmacologically promising activities. However, in many cases the low substance quantities present in the sponge tissue would require the collection of large amounts of sponge material, thus impeding further drug development. Recent research has focused on understanding natural product biosynthesis in sponges and on investigating symbiotic bacteria as possible production sources in order to develop sustainable production systems. This chapter covers research efforts that have taken place over the past few years involving the identification of 'Entotheonella' symbionts responsible for production of sponge compounds, as well as the elucidation of their biosynthetic routes, highlighting future biotechnological applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":20880,"journal":{"name":"Progress in molecular and subcellular biology","volume":"55 ","pages":"291-314"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/978-3-319-51284-6_9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34764295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
Electrospinning of Bioactive Wound-Healing Nets. 生物活性伤口愈合网的静电纺丝。
Progress in molecular and subcellular biology Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-51284-6_8
Heinz C Schröder, Emad Tolba, Bärbel Diehl-Seifert, Xiaohong Wang, Werner E G Müller
{"title":"Electrospinning of Bioactive Wound-Healing Nets.","authors":"Heinz C Schröder,&nbsp;Emad Tolba,&nbsp;Bärbel Diehl-Seifert,&nbsp;Xiaohong Wang,&nbsp;Werner E G Müller","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-51284-6_8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51284-6_8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The availability of appropriate dressings for treatment of wounds, in particular chronic wounds, is a task that still awaits better solutions than provided by currently applied materials. The method of electrospinning enables the fabrication of novel materials for wound dressings due to the high surface area and porosity of the electrospun meshes and the possibility to include bioactive ingredients. Recent results show that the incorporation of biologically active inorganic polyphosphate microparticles and microspheres and synergistically acting retinoids into electrospun polymer fibers yields biocompatible and antibacterial mats for potential dressings with improved wound-healing properties. The underlying principles and the mechanism of these new approaches in the therapy wounds, in particular wounds showing impaired healing, as well as for further applications in skin regeneration/repair, are summarized.</p>","PeriodicalId":20880,"journal":{"name":"Progress in molecular and subcellular biology","volume":"55 ","pages":"259-290"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/978-3-319-51284-6_8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34764290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
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