Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology最新文献_第4页

Activation of the motor system following gaze cues is determined by hand access, not hand proximity.

IF 1.5 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2025-02-18 DOI: 10.1177/17470218251318311

Xiaoye Michael Wang, Cassie Hy Chan, Yiru Wang, April Karlinsky, Merryn D Constable, Timothy N Welsh

{"title":"Activation of the motor system following gaze cues is determined by hand access, not hand proximity.","authors":"Xiaoye Michael Wang, Cassie Hy Chan, Yiru Wang, April Karlinsky, Merryn D Constable, Timothy N Welsh","doi":"10.1177/17470218251318311","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17470218251318311","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of gaze cues on target prioritisation (reaction times [RTs]) and movement execution (movement trajectories) differs based on the ability of the human gaze cue model to manually interact with the targets. Whereas gaze cues consistently impacted RTs, movement trajectories may only be affected when the hands of the human model had the potential to interact with the target. However, the perceived ability to interact with the targets was confounded by the proximity between the model's hands and the targets. The current study explored if the influence of gaze cues on movement trajectories is shaped by the model's potential to access and interact with the targets using their hands or simply the proximity of the hands. A centrally presented human model randomly gazed towards one of two peripheral target locations. Participants executed aiming movements to targets that non-predictively appeared at one location at a stimulus onset asynchrony of 100, 350, or 850 ms. In Experiment 1, the model's hands could not directly access the targets as each was holding a tray. In Experiment 2, the hands had direct access to the targets, but their palms-downwards orientation and wrist-flexed posture rendered efficiently interacting with the targets unlikely. Although RTs showed a facilitation effect of the gaze cue in both experiments, changes in movement trajectories were only observed when the model had direct access to the target (Experiment 2). The results of the current study suggest that the gaze model's direct hand access is necessary for the social gaze cues to influence movement execution.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"17470218251318311"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143029355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

EXPRESS: Hands representation is more fine graded and more pronounced than whole-body only if we are aware of using a motor strategy.

IF 1.5 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2025-02-18 DOI: 10.1177/17470218251324932

Myrto Efstathiou, Louise S Delicato, Anna Sedda

{"title":"EXPRESS: Hands representation is more fine graded and more pronounced than whole-body only if we are aware of using a motor strategy.","authors":"Myrto Efstathiou, Louise S Delicato, Anna Sedda","doi":"10.1177/17470218251324932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17470218251324932","url":null,"abstract":"Mental representations guide action planning and body execution. While hand representations have been extensively studied, not much is known about differences between hands, feet and whole-body representations. Previous studies tell us about functional and sensory differences between body parts and between parts and whole body, however hands and feet studies also tell us that it matters if we are aware of using motor strategies when we activate body representations, and this has not been compared yet between body parts and between parts and whole body. Sixty participants (M = 26.68, SD = 8.22) took part in an online experiment, including Implicit Association Tests (IAT) where participants are not fully aware of using a motor strategy, and a Mental Motor Chronometry (MMC), a more explicit task requiring awareness of imagining actions. The influence of visual imagery was controlled by administering a Vividness of Visual Imagery (VVI) questionnaire to exclude non-motor-related effects. Results show that when the task requires less awareness to be solved, there are no differences between hands, feet, and whole body. Differences are found when more awareness of body representation and related processes is required, with a more pronounced and finer representation of hands than the whole body. No differences between hands versus feet and whole body versus feet were found. These results highlight the importance of awareness in the representation of body parts and suggest that motor strategies contribute to the differentiation between hand and whole-body representations, a distinction not accounted for by visual imagery differences.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"17470218251324932"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143441733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

EXPRESS: Looks like SNARC spirit: Coexistence of short- and long-term associations between letters and space.

IF 1.5 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2025-02-17 DOI: 10.1177/17470218251324437

Lilly Roth, Julia F Huber, Sophia Kronenthaler, Jean-Philippe van Dijck, Krzysztof Cipora, Martin V Butz, Hans-Christoph Nuerk

{"title":"EXPRESS: Looks like SNARC spirit: Coexistence of short- and long-term associations between letters and space.","authors":"Lilly Roth, Julia F Huber, Sophia Kronenthaler, Jean-Philippe van Dijck, Krzysztof Cipora, Martin V Butz, Hans-Christoph Nuerk","doi":"10.1177/17470218251324437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17470218251324437","url":null,"abstract":"Many studies have demonstrated spatial-numerical associations, but the debate about their origin is still ongoing. Some approaches consider cardinality representations in long-term memory, such as a Mental Number Line, while others suggest ordinality representations, for both numerical and non-numerical stimuli, originating in working or long-term memory. To investigate how long-term memory and working memory influence spatial associations and to disentangle the role of cardinality and ordinality, we ran three preregistered online experiments (N = 515). We assessed spatial response preferences for letters (which only convey ordinal but no cardinal information, in contrast to numbers) in a bimanual go/no go consonant-vowel classification task. Experiment 1 ('no-go' trials: non-letter symbols) validated our setup. In Experiments 2 and 3, participants learned an ordinal letter sequence prior to the task, which they recalled afterwards. In Experiment 2, this sequence was merely to be maintained ('no-go' trials: non-letter symbols), whereas in Experiment 3, it needed to be retrieved during the task ('no-go' trials: letters outside the sequence). We replicated letter-space associations based on the alphabet stored in long-term memory (i.e., letters earlier/later in the alphabet associated with left/right, respectively) in all experiments. However, letter-space associations based on the working memory sequence (i.e., letters earlier/later in the sequence associated with left/right, respectively) were only detected in Experiment 3, where retrieval occurred during the task. Spatial short- and long-term associations of letters therefore seem to coexist. These findings support a hybrid model that incorporates both short- and long-term representations, which applies similarly to letters as to numbers.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"17470218251324437"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143441736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Familiarity influences on proactive interference in verbal memory.

IF 1.5 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2025-02-14 DOI: 10.1177/17470218251317191

Tom Mercer

{"title":"Familiarity influences on proactive interference in verbal memory.","authors":"Tom Mercer","doi":"10.1177/17470218251317191","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17470218251317191","url":null,"abstract":"Proactive interference occurs when older memories interfere with current information processing and retrieval. It is often explained with reference to familiarity, where the reappearance of highly familiar items from the recent past produces more disruption than older, less familiar items. However, there are other forms of familiarity beyond recency that may be important, and these were explored in a verbal recent-probes task. Participants viewed eight targets per trial and then determined whether a probe matched any of those targets. Probes matching a target from the previous trial, rather than an earlier trial, led to more errors, revealing proactive interference. However, this effect was influenced by experimental familiarity (whether stimuli were repeated or unique) and pre-experimental familiarity (whether stimuli were meaningful words or meaningless non-words). Specifically, proactive interference was strongest for repeated non-words, and smallest for unique non-words, but stimulus repetition had little impact for words. In addition, the time separating trials (temporal familiarity) was unrelated to proactive interference. The present findings revealed more complex effects of familiarity than have previously been assumed. To understand proactive interference in a working memory task, it is necessary to consider the role of long-term memory via experimental and pre-experimental stimulus familiarity.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"17470218251317191"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143024549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

EXPRESS: Transfer Asymmetry: Tversky's Contrast Model of Similarity for Human Perceptual-Motor Learning.

IF 1.5 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2025-02-14 DOI: 10.1177/17470218251324185

Motonori Yamaguchi

{"title":"EXPRESS: Transfer Asymmetry: Tversky's Contrast Model of Similarity for Human Perceptual-Motor Learning.","authors":"Motonori Yamaguchi","doi":"10.1177/17470218251324185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17470218251324185","url":null,"abstract":"In choice-reaction tasks, responses are faster if stimuli and responses are spatially compatible than if they are incompatible, even when the locations of the stimuli are irrelevant to the task. This stimulus-response (S-R) compatibility effect that occurs based on task-irrelevant stimulus and response features is known as the Simon effect. The Simon effect can be eliminated or even reversed after training with spatially incompatible S-R mappings only for a short duration, indicating that newly acquired incompatible S-R associations transfer to the Simon task. This transfer effect is usually reduced when the context of the training task is altered at test, suggesting that the expression of learned S-R associations depends on the similarity between the learning and test contexts. However, there can be cases where transfer occurs from one context to another but not in the reverse direction (i.e. transfer asymmetry). Transfer asymmetry is problematic for many models of psychological similarity, which would predict that transfer is symmetrical between two contexts. The present study shows that Tversky's set-theoretic model of similarity-the contrast model-is a useful framework for understanding how transfer symmetry arises in human perceptual-motor learning. The results of the two experiments imply that the similarity of contexts depends not only on features that overlap between the contexts but also on features that are distinctive to them.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"17470218251324185"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143426039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

EXPRESS: Contextual effects on prospective person memory.

IF 1.5 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.1177/17470218251323820

Stefana Juncu, Ryan Fitzgerald, Hartmut Blank, James Ost

{"title":"EXPRESS: Contextual effects on prospective person memory.","authors":"Stefana Juncu, Ryan Fitzgerald, Hartmut Blank, James Ost","doi":"10.1177/17470218251323820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17470218251323820","url":null,"abstract":"To assist with missing person investigations, the public may be on the lookout during their everyday activities and alert the authorities if the person is encountered. In this Registered Report, participants encoded posters that included an image of a target person along with relevant, irrelevant, or no contextual information about that person. After viewing a poster, participants watched a video that included either the target or a plausible nontarget, using a new experimental paradigm that kept all other conditions of the encounter constant. Previous findings suggest contextual information could affect prospective person memory in several ways. If contextual cues are relevant, they could direct attention to targets and plausible nontargets without improving face recognition and hence have no effect on discriminability (sighting bias hypothesis). Alternatively, any contextual information at encoding (relevant or irrelevant) could encourage deeper processing of each target's identity and improve sighting discriminability (elaborative encoding hypothesis). A third possibility is that associating a target with relevant contextual information improves both face recognition and attention, resulting in greater sighting discrimination compared with irrelevant or no contextual information (context matching hypothesis). We tested 396 participants and found that associating target faces with contextual information had no effect on discriminating between targets and plausible nontargets. The context manipulation also had no effect on response bias. Our findings suggest that the previously reported recognition advantage might depend on the kind of contextual information at encoding, on how targets are encountered during testing, as well as on the type of recognition task.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"17470218251323820"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143410181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

EXPRESS: The Inter-Association Between Face Processing, Intelligence, and Autistic-like Nonverbal Communication.

IF 1.5 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2025-02-12 DOI: 10.1177/17470218251323388

Dana Walker, Romina Palermo, Gilles G Gignac

{"title":"EXPRESS: The Inter-Association Between Face Processing, Intelligence, and Autistic-like Nonverbal Communication.","authors":"Dana Walker, Romina Palermo, Gilles G Gignac","doi":"10.1177/17470218251323388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17470218251323388","url":null,"abstract":"The degree to which face processing abilities inter-relate, and associate with general intelligence, remains a contentious issue. Furthermore, poorer face processing abilities may be a result of reduced social interest associated with higher levels of trait-autism, consistent with the social motivation theory of autism. However, the association between multiple dimensions of face processing (i.e., a general face factor) and trait-autism, specifically autistic-like nonverbal communication, has not been estimated. Consequently, we administered four face processing ability tests (assessing face detection, the perception and memory of face identity, and expression recognition), four cognitive ability tests, and the Autism Quotient to a sample of 253 general community adults. Based on latent variable modelling, we identified a general face processing ability factor (f), and it was positively associated with general intelligence (g; λ = .48). We conclude that face processing abilities may be a candidate ability within the Cattel-Horn-Carroll model of intelligence. Moreover, face memory was positively associated with g (β = .31). We discuss the possibility of developmental prosopagnosia, i.e., deficits in face memory, being diagnosed as a learning disability. Furthermore, autistic-like nonverbal communication was a significant, negative predictor (β = -.45) of f, and g was neither a mediator nor suppressor of the effect. Finally, the unique effect between autistic-like nonverbal communication difficulties and face processing abilities, independently of intelligence, was considered in line with the social motivation theory of autism.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"17470218251323388"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143399774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sequential dependencies in recognition memory are decision based.

IF 1.5 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2025-02-12 DOI: 10.1177/17470218251317122

Michelle A Dollois, Chris M Fiacconi

{"title":"Sequential dependencies in recognition memory are decision based.","authors":"Michelle A Dollois, Chris M Fiacconi","doi":"10.1177/17470218251317122","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17470218251317122","url":null,"abstract":"Decision perseveration is consistently observed in recognition tests, such that judgements tend to repeat (e.g., \"old\" responses tend to follow \"old\" responses) across trials. This effect has been found across a range of testing styles, including old/new judgements, judgements of frequency, and confidence, and has been interpreted as reflecting the transfer of mnemonic information between trials. However, an alternative explanation that response repetition is rather the product of motor action perseveration has not yet been fully evaluated. Despite the range of response styles used across studies, repeat decisions have consistently been confounded with repeat motor responses. Across three experiments, the present study divorces decision repetition from motor priming, to determine whether decision perseveration maintains. Experiments 1 and 2 found that when participants switch hands between trials, decisions are still more likely to repeat than switch. Similarly, Experiment 3 found no difference in the influence of Previous Decision when mouse paths were able to repeat between trials compared with when they could not. In addition, all experiments show a speed advantage for repeating decisions that cannot be attributed to motor priming. We conclude that decision carryover during recognition tests is ultimately a decision-based effect. The results are discussed in terms of mnemonic models of information transfer.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"17470218251317122"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143024583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

EXPRESS: Is trypophobia more related to disgust than to fear? Assessing the disease avoidance and ancestral fear hypotheses.

IF 1.5 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2025-02-11 DOI: 10.1177/17470218251323236

Gaëtan Thiebaut, Alain Méot, Pavol Prokop, Patrick Bonin

{"title":"EXPRESS: Is trypophobia more related to disgust than to fear? Assessing the disease avoidance and ancestral fear hypotheses.","authors":"Gaëtan Thiebaut, Alain Méot, Pavol Prokop, Patrick Bonin","doi":"10.1177/17470218251323236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17470218251323236","url":null,"abstract":"We examined fear and disgust responses in trypophobia in order to distinguish between two hypotheses concerning the origin of this phenomenon. According to the hypothesis that trypophobia stems from an ancestral fear of dangerous animals, fear predominates over disgust, whereas the opposite is true according to the disease aversion hypothesis. Currently, the question of which of the two plays a more significant role in trypophobia remains unclear. Adults had to rate on Likert scales their level of disgust and fear when presented with photographs of frightening or disgusting stimuli, trypophobia-inducing stimuli, i.e., clusters of holes, or neutral stimuli. They also had to rate the difficulty of viewing these images. Higher levels of disgust than fear were found for the trypophobic images in both the overall sample and in the participants reporting the highest levels of discomfort when viewing them. Trypophobic images had a special status for these latter participants, as they were rated more disgusting than non-trypophobic disgusting images and more frightening than non-trypophobic frightening images. Although disgust is the dominant emotion in trypophobia, fear is also not negligible.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"17470218251323236"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143391508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

EXPRESS: Assessment of Working Memory abilities in Normal Hearing Individuals with and without Misophonia.

IF 1.5 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2025-02-09 DOI: 10.1177/17470218251322718

Princita Dsouza Adline, Kavassery Venkateswaran Nisha, Prashanth Prabhu, Ajith Kumar Uppunda

{"title":"EXPRESS: Assessment of Working Memory abilities in Normal Hearing Individuals with and without Misophonia.","authors":"Princita Dsouza Adline, Kavassery Venkateswaran Nisha, Prashanth Prabhu, Ajith Kumar Uppunda","doi":"10.1177/17470218251322718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17470218251322718","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The study aimed to evaluate working memory (WM) abilities in normal hearing individuals with and without misophonia using simple and complex working memory tasks and to correlate WM abilities with severity of misophonia.Method: The data was collected employing a standard group comparison and a non-probability purposive sampling method. The current study comprised of 40 participants aged 18-30 years, who were classified into two groups (with and without misophonia) based on the scores obtained in Misophonia Assessment Questionnaire (MAQ). Simple tasks including forward digit span and backward digit span and complex tasks including operation span and reading span were used to assess WM abilities.Results: WM abilities, measured using simple WM tasks, were comparable between the two groups. Among the complex tasks, although the operation span scores revealed no statistically significant difference, there was a statistically significant difference in the reading span scores.Conclusions: The performance of individuals with misophonia remained similar to those without misophonia in simple WM tasks. However, their WM performance becomes poorer as tasks become more demanding.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"17470218251322718"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143383103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0