Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods最新文献

{"title":"Valorized pineapple waste by conventional and energy-saving ohmic extraction: potentially toxic elements and mycotoxin contamination","authors":"Mohsen Gavahian","doi":"10.15586/qas.v15i4.1361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15586/qas.v15i4.1361","url":null,"abstract":"Pineapple peel is a food waste with environmental concerns. It can be valorized by extracting its bioactive compound through conventional and emerging technologies such as ohmic heating. However, mycotoxins and heavy metals contaminations could be concerns of such a valorization process. This study assessed the effects of conventional and ohmic heating on selected aflatoxins and metal ions in pineapple peel extract using high- performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Also, energy consumption and environmental impacts of the ohmic process were analyzed. According to the results, the ohmic-based valorization system reduced energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions by more than 83%, contributing to net-zero and sustainable development goals (SDGs). Aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 were below the detection limit (B1, G1: 0.2µg/kg; B2, G2: 0.1µg/kg). However, ohmic extracts contained higher concentrations of Cr, Pb, Ni, and Fe because of electrochemical reactions and electrode corrosion. Despite the capability of ohmic valorization systems, inspecting food waste and valorized products for hazardous chemicals and investing in durable electrodes (e.g., titanium) are among the considerations for ohmic systems’ industrial implementation.","PeriodicalId":20868,"journal":{"name":"Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135648601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality-grade analysis of velvet antler materials using ultra-weak delayed luminescence combined with chemometrics","authors":"Jianxun Zhu, Shasha Fan, Min He, Nan Wang, Xiaoru Xu, Jingxiang Pang, Yu Yan, Li Li, Jiale Yang, Wen-Te Chang, Tung-Ti Chang, Ye Zhao, Jinxiang Han, Mengmeng Sun","doi":"10.15586/qas.v15i4.1311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15586/qas.v15i4.1311","url":null,"abstract":"The pharmacological properties of velvet antler, a well-known animal-derived traditional Chinese medicine material and functional food, are extensively acknowledged globally. However, there are significant restrictions on the quality standard and control system of velvet antler. The four quality grades of velvet antler slices taken from Cervus nippon Temminck and Cervus elaphus Linnaeus were evaluated in this study using delayed luminescence (DL) and chemical analysis of protein and amino acid content. Our results demonstrated a significant degree of consistency in the assessment impacts of the measurements for identifying velvet antler slices of different quality grades from Cervus nippon Temminck and Cervus elaphus Linnaeus. Additionally, it is possible to distinguish velvet antler slices of Rangifer tarandus from those of other deer species by exploiting DL parameters (i.e., I0, Beta, Tau, and T). Moreover, there is a strong correlation between the DL parameters and particular amino acids detected in velvet antler slices. As an innovative, quick, and systematic methodology, DL enables the examination of the overall property of various grades of velvet antler slices. The integrated assessment using DL and chemical components can give a novel method for determining the quality of animal-derived herbs and functional foods.","PeriodicalId":20868,"journal":{"name":"Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135900266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tectorigenin suppresses the viability of gastric cancer cells in vivo and in vitro","authors":"Wenchong Song, Weiwei Lv, Ning Bi, Guanglin Wang","doi":"10.15586/qas.v15i3.1357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15586/qas.v15i3.1357","url":null,"abstract":"Gastric cancer is currently the 4th most common malignant tumor with a poor prognosis in 2022. New and effective drugs are needed to combat this disease to treat advanced gastric cancer. Tectorigenin (Tec) has a series of pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory and anticancer. However, the effect of Tec on the progression of gastric cancer is unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of Tec in regulating cell viability, cell cycle, and tumor growth of gastric cancer. To detect the role of Tec in the progression of gastric cancer in vitro and in mice, we performed several in vitro assays such as MTT, colony formation, wound closure, transwell, Immunoblot assays, and in vivo tumor growth assays. Our data confirmed that Tec restrained the viability of gastric cancer cells at concentrations of 100, 200, and 300 μM. It also denied the motility of gastric cancer cells. Tec treatment also induced the cell cycle arrest of gastric cancer cells. Mechanically, Tec could suppress the activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway and stop gastric cancer progression. We, therefore, thought Tec could serve as a drug for treating gastric cancer.","PeriodicalId":20868,"journal":{"name":"Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136237795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of phenolic compounds of colored wheats on colorectal cancer cell lines","authors":"Zeynep Hazal Tekin-Cakmak, Vladamir P. Shamanin, Salih Karasu, Inna V. Pоtоtskaya, Sergey S. Shepelev, Alexandr S. Chursin, Alexey I. Morgounov, Mustafa Yaman, Osman Sagdic, Hamit Koksel","doi":"10.15586/qas.v15i4.1354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15586/qas.v15i4.1354","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the different colored wheat brans were analyzed and compared for phenolic content (PC), phenolic compositions, and the total antioxidant capacity (TEAC) with methods based on the ability to eliminate radicals of 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) hydrazyl (DPPH), and anthocyanin compositions. This study also aims to characterize the bioactive components of wheat grain genotypes as well as to test the protective and rescuer effects of their extracts on colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines. PCs in the bound insoluble fraction of red wheat bran, blue wheat bran, and purple wheat bran were determined as 369.60, 446.95, and 486.79 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g wheat bran, respectively, while strong relationships were detected between PC and antioxidant activity (DPPH and ABTS) results. HPLC anal-ysis of phenolic extracts demonstrated that ferulic acid was determined as the dominant phenolic acid in the bound fractions of red, purple, and blue wheats. In the free fractions, p-coumaric acid (11.55 µg/100 g wheat bran) was the dominant phenolic acid for red wheat bran, whereas ellagic acid (14.72 and 11.55 µg/100 g wheat bran) was the highest phenolic acid for purple and blue wheat brans, respectively. In bound fractions, ferulic acid was the highest phenolic acid for red (988.39 µg/100 g wheat bran), purple (1948.76 µg/100 g wheat bran), and blue (2263.96 µg/100 g wheat bran) wheat brans. On the other hand, Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside chloride was the predominant anthocyanin in free extracts of purple and blue wheat brans. In line with the antioxidant activities and phenolic acid concentrations, the blue wheat bran extracts increased CRC cell viability nonsignificantly in HT-29 and HCT-116 cell lines, whereas purple wheat bran extract had a significantly higher (P = 0.0361) rescuer effect compared to vehicle control under 50 µM H2O2 concentration. In conclusion, the in vitro data here show that blue and purple wheat brans are posing a novel means to increase the defense of cells against oxidative stress and cell death.","PeriodicalId":20868,"journal":{"name":"Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135491217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aloin promotes oral squamous cell carcinoma cell apoptosis and autophagy through Akt/mTOR pathway","authors":"Yongxin Hu, Xiaosong Xiang, Yuhui Zhang, Zhongqi Tian, Lijian Wang","doi":"10.15586/qas.v14i2.978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15586/qas.v14i2.978","url":null,"abstract":"Aloin, a natural product, has demonstrated anticancer activity in a variety of cancers, but its role in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has not been reported. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of Aloin on the biological functions of OSCC cells. Additionally, we evaluated the classical Akt/mTOR signal transduction pathway. CAL-27 OSCC cells were treated with Aloin for in vitro experiments. 5-bromo-2’-deoxyuridine (BrdU) and colony formation assays were applied to evaluate cell proliferation potential. Wound scratch and Transwell assays detected cell migration and invasion, respectively. Flow cytometry detected apoptosis. Autophagy was assessed by p62, Beclin-1, light chain 3 (LC3)-I and LC3-II protein expressions through Western blot test. Akt/mTOR signal pathway-related protein levels were also detected by Western blot test. Here, compared with the control group, Aloin treatment memorably reduced the number of BrdU-positive cells and colonies, and undermined the ability of cell migration and invasion. Moreover, Aloin promoted apoptosis and autophagy. Western blot test proved that the protein expression of p62 was down-regulated, while Beclin-1 and LC3-I/LC3-II protein expressions were up-regulated. Further investigations revealed that Aloin inhibited p-Akt and p-mTOR, suggesting that Aloin could block the activation of AKT/mTOR pathway. Our findings demonstrated that Aloin could inhibit the activation of the AKT/mTOR pathway to induce autophagic cell death, which could provide a novel vision for OSCC treatment.","PeriodicalId":20868,"journal":{"name":"Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods","volume":"14 2","pages":"58-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://qascf.com/index.php/qas/article/download/978/967","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147888840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical properties of stem and physiological–biochemical responses of cucumber under different N and K conditions","authors":"Yong Liu, Yafei Wang, Guoxin Ma, Bin Wang, Xiaoxue Du, Qiang Shi, J. Ni, H. Mao","doi":"10.15586/qas.v14i1.1035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15586/qas.v14i1.1035","url":null,"abstract":"In order to investigate the effects of N and K on the mechanical properties of cucumber stems, the physiological and biochemical indexes under different N and K conditions were compared. The analysis showed that the pho-tosynthetic rate was affected by both stress and the self-senescence of cucumber plants, and that the crops under N and K stress were stimulated to activate a highly effective antioxidant system to cope with the damage. Sugar, as the basis for the synthesis and structure formation of the stems, was highly related to stem strength, and polyphenol oxidase in the study of stem strength was limited but indispensable. Compared with CK, the epidermal penetration strength under LN, LNLK, and LNHK treatments increased by at least 10%, while the strength under HN, LK, HNLK, and HNHK treatments decreased by at least 7%. To sum up, it was the photosynthesis rate, the sucrose transportation, as well as the futile cycling of K+ that were the keys of stem strength.","PeriodicalId":20868,"journal":{"name":"Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48684448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research of the determination method of furfurals and furosine in milk and the application in the quality evaluation of milk","authors":"Xiaomei Shi, Qiong Wu, Dandan Ren, Shuya Wang, Y. Zhao, Yunfengl Xie","doi":"10.15586/qas.v14i1.929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15586/qas.v14i1.929","url":null,"abstract":"The heat treatment process usually affects the quality and safety of milk and could produce different compounds, including furosine and furfurals. To help evaluate the effect of different heating temperatures on furfurals, a method based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) extraction technology was used to detect four furfural compounds, including furfural, 2-acetylfuran, 5-methyl-2-furfural, and 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural. A sample extraction was performed with acetonitrile, and the use of both octadecylsilyl (C18) and primary secondary amine (PSA) sorbents can pro-vide satisfactory recoveries. The determination of furosine was performed by using a high performance of liquid chromatography method (HPLC), and the milk samples were hydrolyzed with HCl for 18 h at 110°C. Under the optimized conditions, good linearity was obtained with linear correlation coefficients (R2) above 0.99, and the recovery values from the spiked samples were 88.1–109.5%. The limits of detection were in the range of 0.005 mg/kg–0.015 mg/kg. The established GC-MS and HPLC methods were successfully applied to market milk samples and heat-treatment samples. The highest detection values for 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural and furosine were 0.051 mg/kg and 593.2 mg/100 g protein, respectively, in charcoal-flavored fermented milk. It showed a high cor-relation between the formation of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural with the treatment temperature and time, and the maximum content was 0.886 mg/kg after heating for 180 min at 100°C. However, there was no noticeable linear increase of furosine concentrations when certain temperatures and heating times were reached; the maximum value was 55.0 mg/L after heating for 60 min at 100°C, and 55.4 mg/L after heating for 150 min at 80°C.","PeriodicalId":20868,"journal":{"name":"Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43346391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geniposide inhibits non-small cell lung cancer cell migration and angiogenesis by regulating PPARγ/VEGF-A pathway","authors":"Ming Jiang, S. Zheng","doi":"10.15586/qas.v14i1.1016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15586/qas.v14i1.1016","url":null,"abstract":"Geniposide, an iridoid glycoside derived from traditional Chinese herb, Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, exerts antitumor effect against distinct cancers. The role of geniposide in the migration and angiogenesis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell was investigated in this study. Cancer cells were incubated with various concentrations of geniposide, and proliferative ability was detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) staining. Wound healing and transwell were used to assess cell migration and invasion, respectively. Tube formation assay was performed to investigate angiogenesis. Geniposide reduced NSCLC cell proliferation, and suppressed NSCLC cell migration and invasion in a dosage-dependent manner. Angiogenesis of NSCLC was also inhibited by geniposide. Geniposide increased the protein expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and decreased vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) protein expression in NSCLC cells. Incubation with a PPARγ antagonist, GW9662, attenuated geniposide-induced up-regulation of PPARγ and down-regulation of VEGF-A. Over-expression of VEGF-A weakened geniposide-suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis of NSCLC. Geniposide exerted antitumor and anti-angiogenic actions on NSCLC through regulation of PPARγ/VEGF-A pathway.","PeriodicalId":20868,"journal":{"name":"Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43526635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vanillic acid alleviates lipopolysaccharides-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation in human lung fibroblasts by `inhibiting MAPK and NF-κB pathways","authors":"Jihua Zhao, Yao Yang","doi":"10.15586/qas.v14i1.1018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15586/qas.v14i1.1018","url":null,"abstract":"Persistent endoplasmic reticulum stress promotes aberrant inflammation and induces cell death, and inflammation is implicated in the pathogenesis of pneumonia. Vanillic acid exerts pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant effects. However, the role of vanillic acid in pneumonia has not been elucidated yet. Human lung fibroblasts (WI-38 and MRC-5) were incubated with different concentrations of lipopolysaccharides to mimic the cell model of pneumonia. Lipopolysaccharides-treated lung fibroblasts were then incubated with different concentrations of vanillic acid. Cell viability and apoptosis were detected by MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked-immunosorbent serologic assay were used to measure the levels of inflammatory factors. Western blot assay was used to detect endoplasmic reticulum stress and downstream pathway. Lipopolysaccharides induced decrease of cell viability in WI-38 and MRC-5 whereas vanillic acid increased cell viability of lipopolysaccharides-treated lung fibroblasts. Lipopolysaccharides-induced increase of cell apoptosis in lung fibroblasts was suppressed by vanillic acid through up-regulation of BCL2, and down-regulation of BCL2 associated X (BAX) and cleaved caspase-3. Vanillic acid reduced levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Interleukin 6 (IL-6), and IL-1β in lipopolysaccharides-treated lung fibroblasts. Protein expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), X-box binding protein 1 (XBP-1), activating transcription factor-6 (ATF-6), ATF-4, and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) in lung fibroblasts were up-regulated by lipopolysaccharides while reduced by vanillic acid. Vanillic acid attenuated lipopolysaccharides-induced decrease of IκBα and increase of p-IκBα, p-p65, p-ERK, and p-JNK in fibroblasts. Vanillic acid exerted anti-inflammatory effect against lipopolysaccharides-induced human lung fibroblasts by inhibiting mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor kappa B pathways.","PeriodicalId":20868,"journal":{"name":"Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42458304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnoflorine promotes Huh-7 cell apoptosis and autophagy by regulating PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway","authors":"Jifan Xu, Bo Du, Yunfeng Liu, Chonglin Tao","doi":"10.15586/qas.v14i1.1013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15586/qas.v14i1.1013","url":null,"abstract":"Hepatoma is a malignant tumor with high rates of heterogeneity, metastasis, and mortality. Currently, there is no effective treatment available for hepatoma. In order to treat advanced hepatoma in a better manner, new and more effective therapeutic targets still need to be developed. Magnoflorine (MGN) is a quaternary ammonium alkaloid with a variety of therapeutic properties. MGN inhibited the proliferation of lung cancer, breast cancer, glioma, and rhabdomyosarcoma cells, induced apoptosis, and blocked cell cycle. However, its possible effects on the progression of hepatoma are still indefinite. In this study, the effects of MGN on the progression of hepatoma in vitro and the underlying mechanisms were determined. MGN suppressed the proliferation, induced the autophagy, and stimulated the apoptosis of human hepatoma Huh-7 cells. Mechanically, MGN could regulate PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, which therefore affects the progression of hepatoma in vitro. Taken together, MGN affected Huh-7 cell proliferation, autophagy, and apoptosis, and might act as a promising therapeutic drug for treating hepatoma.","PeriodicalId":20868,"journal":{"name":"Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41826951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}