Psychiatria polska最新文献

{"title":"Forensic psychiatric assessment of fitness to test in cancer patients.","authors":"Przemysław Norbert Cynkier","doi":"10.12740/PP/205239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12740/PP/205239","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the case of a will made by a person suffering from cancer, sometimes the party seeking to challenge it will raise as an argument the very fact that the testator has been diagnosed with cancer (regardless of its type, severity of symptoms, phase of development and dynamics). In the opinion of beneficiaries omitted in the will, this would deprive the testator of the ability to make a conscious or free decision and express his will. A substantive analysis of the court material requires that the experts not only follow the general principles of preparing psychiatric and psychological opinions in testamentary cases but also take into account certain psychopathological conditions and other factors specific to cancer. The aim of this literature review is to present these special circumstances in the context of the possibility of their use by experts when preparing an expert opinion on the assessment of the validity of the declaration of will. In assessing the mental state of the testator, experts should consider not only reactive mental disorders, cognitive deficits or disorders of consciousness, but also conditions characteristic of the neoplastic process: CRCD (cancer-related cognitive dysfunction), CRF (cancer-related fatigue), CACS (cachexia-anorexia cancer-related syndrome). In their assessments, experts cannot ignore other factors specific to this disease: its phase nature, the degree of adaptation of the testator to the disease, family conditions that may influence the testator's property decisions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20863,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatria polska","volume":"60 3","pages":"383-397"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149138079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aortitis with eosinophilia as a rare complication of clozapine treatment ‒ a case of a patient with paranoid schizophrenia.","authors":"Patryk Rodek, Julia Łaciak, Natalia Libudzic, Iga Machała, Krzysztof Kucia","doi":"10.12740/PP/221813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12740/PP/221813","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Clozapine is an antipsychotic medication used to control the symptoms of schizophrenia. Due to the frequent occurrence of adverse effects, it is reserved for patients meeting the criteria of treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Among the less typical side effects of clozapine are asymptomatic eosinophilia and eosinophilic inflammation of organs such as the myocardium, as well as vasculitis, which most commonly affects small vessels in the skin. We present the case of a 54-year-old woman with treatment-resistant paranoid schizophrenia, who developed aortitis accompanied by eosinophilia as an adverse reaction to clozapine therapy. Symptoms resolved after discontinuation of the medication. The patient gave written consent for the publication of her medical case and treatment course. Inflammatory changes in large vessels such as the aorta during clozapine treatment have not been described in the literature. The coexisting eosinophilia suggests an eosinophilic nature of the inflammatory changes within the aortic wall. The presented case aims to raise awareness about possible atypical complications of the treatment and to expedite their diagnosis, which may prevent permanent negative health consequences in patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":20863,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatria polska","volume":"60 3","pages":"445-451"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149138130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of creatine on brain functions.","authors":"Tymoteusz Borowski, Maria Zimoń, Magdalena Justyna Piegza","doi":"10.12740/PP/OnlineFirst/220253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12740/PP/OnlineFirst/220253","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As an endogenous compound essential for energy homeostasis, creatine holds a fundamental role in the bioenergetics of the brain, an organ with high metabolic requirements. This review provides a synthesis of current knowledge on the impact of creatine on the functions of the central nervous system (CNS). The brain, which is capable of de novo creatine synthesis, demonstrates an increase in its internal concentrations following supplementation; however, this effect is less significant than in muscle tissue and is constrained by the blood-brain barrier, among other factors. The development of effective CNS-targeted dosing strategies remains a subject of ongoing research. An overview of the literature suggests that creatine supplementation may beneficially influence cognitive performance, particularly under conditions of elevated metabolic demand like stress or sleep deprivation, with the potential to enhance memory and mitigate fatigue. Nonetheless, findings from the cited research are inconsistent due to methodological heterogeneity and a common failure to directly measure brain creatine levels. Reports on creatine's antidepressant properties are particularly encouraging, with preclinical and initial clinical studies pointing to its potential utility (e.g., via the mTORC1 pathway) in augmenting mood disorder treatments. Moreover, the authors examine the use of creatine in chronic fatigue syndrome, where evidence supports improvements in physical performance and reductions in pain intensity, although its effect on generalized fatigue remains ambiguous.</p>","PeriodicalId":20863,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatria polska","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149216649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychosexual functioning among transgender individuals in Poland: an examination of sexual experiences within the diagnostic and therapeutic process.","authors":"Katarzyna Zborowska, Daria Jorg","doi":"10.12740/PP/OnlineFirst/220177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12740/PP/OnlineFirst/220177","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this study was to examine the psychosexual functioning of transgender individuals in Poland, with particular attention to their sexual experiences, partner relationships, and sexual satisfaction in the context of the transition process.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study involved 104 transgender individuals at various stages of transition. Data were collected using a proprietary questionnaire and the Sexual Satisfaction Questionnaire (SSQ).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results indicate a relationship between the stage of transition and the level of sexual activity, satisfaction with sexual life, and openness in intimate relationships. Individuals at later stages of transition more frequently reported positive sexual experiences, higher levels of body acceptance, and fewer concerns related to physical intimacy. No significant associations were observed between sociodemographic variables and the level of sexual satisfaction.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings indicate an association between the stage of the diagnostic and therapeutic process and selected aspects of sexual functioning among transgender individuals. The obtained results highlight the importance of incorporating psychosexual care into a comprehensive approach to the health of this group and point to the need for further research on transgender sexuality.</p>","PeriodicalId":20863,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatria polska","volume":" ","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149216518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the intensity of temperament and character traits in adolescents diagnosed with inter - and externalizing disorders.","authors":"Renata Modrzejewska, Anna Wasik, Paulina Cofór-Pinkowska, Agnieszka Pac, Marcin Siwek","doi":"10.12740/PP/OnlineFirst/218676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12740/PP/OnlineFirst/218676","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To compare the intensity of temperament and character traits in a group of outpatients with different types of disorders, age and gender staying at daily unit.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Group consisted of 108 outpatients with externalizing (ED) or internalizing disorders (ID), aged 14-20, treated in the Department of Psychiatry. Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) was used in the study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Subjects diagnosed with ED demonstrated higher intensities of novelty seeking and its subscale, NS1, than those with ID. Women diagnosed with ED scored significantly higher on the following subscales: harm avoidance HA1, the reward dependence RD1, and the self-transcendence ST3 compared to men. Women with ID scored significantly higher than men on the following subscales: harm avoidance HA4, the reward dependence RD1, and the self-transcendence compared ST1 to men. Significant differences were also observed in the intensity of the cooperativeness subscales in the ED group depending on age. No significant differences were found in the ID group depending on age.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study partially confirmed differences in the intensity of temperament and character traits depending on the type of disorder, gender and age. Patients with ED demonstrated more novelty seeking, which may increase a tendency to engage in risky and criminal behaviors. Women in both groups demonstrated a higher intensity of harm avoidance, reward dependence, and self-transcendence, which makes them more susceptible to anxiety and depressive disorders, and increases their ability to benefit from therapy and social support. Finally, younger participants with ED were more cooperative, which may have practical implications for treatment planning.</p>","PeriodicalId":20863,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatria polska","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149216551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PANDAS in the post-COVID era: links to group A Streptococcus and implications for pediatric neuropsychiatry ‒ a narrative review.","authors":"Julia Koźlak, Lidia Stopyra, Marcel Gisel","doi":"10.12740/PP/OnlineFirst/218782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12740/PP/OnlineFirst/218782","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections (PANDAS) are defined by the abrupt onset of tics and/or obsessive-compulsive symptoms temporally linked to group A Streptococcus (GAS). Post-pandemic reports note a rebound of pediatric invasive GAS (iGAS), providing an epidemiologic backdrop for more frequent neuropsychiatric presentations. This narrative review (2020-2025; PubMed/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library, MDPI, plus snowballing) synthesizes evidence on the PANDAS/PANS-GAS relationship, clinical spectrum, differential diagnosis with Sydenham chorea (SC), immunopathogenesis, and treatment. Beyond classic OCD and motor tics, the phenotype includes speech disfluency, ocular tics, and acute eating restriction with functional and nutritional risk. Immunologic data support molecular mimicry, Th17/IL-17-driven neuroinflammation, blood‒brain barrier dysfunction, and antineuronal or folate receptor-α antibodies; however, no single validated biomarker exists, and antistreptolysin O (ASO), anti-DNase B document exposure only. Management is individualized and multimodal: antibiotic eradication (with prophylaxis in selected, frequently relapsing cases), immunomodulation (steroids, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), therapeutic plasma exchange) for severe/refractory courses, and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy/Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (CBT/SSRIs) for core psychiatric symptoms. Contemporary data strengthen a post-streptococcal, immune-mediated framework while underscoring heterogeneous case definitions and the paucity of high-quality trials; prospective biomarker and treatment validation remain priorities.</p>","PeriodicalId":20863,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatria polska","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149216554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anankastic personality in historical and contemporary perspective: a literature review.","authors":"Maciej Janusz Żerdziński","doi":"10.12740/PP/OnlineFirst/214387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12740/PP/OnlineFirst/214387","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD), rooted in Janet's psychasthenia, Freud's \"anal character,\" and Schneider's notion of anankastia, is among the most common yet least frequently diagnosed personality disorders. Contemporary classifications emphasize its dimensional nature. The central features are perfectionism, rigidity, and excessive need for control. Prevalence in the general population is estimated at 6.5%. In clinical populations, rates are higher: 16% among outpatients and up to 30% in inpatients. OCPD most often co-occurs with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) (17‒45%), depression (31‒76%), bipolar disorder (32.4%), anxiety disorders (17‒30%), substance use (25-29%), eating disorders (20‒61%), and autism spectrum disorder (19‒43%). Comorbidity with OCD is associated with earlier onset, delayed diagnosis, and poorer insight. It is also linked to greater chronicity, elevated suicide risk, and bipolarity. Etiology is multifactorial, including genetic (27‒78%), neurobiological, and environmental factors. Reduced quality of life is emphasized, linking the severity of OCPD traits with psychosocial burden. Diagnosis should include psychological testing and collateral information, supported by clinical observation. Psychoeducation and psychotherapy constitute a central component of treatment. The strongest evidence supports cognitive-behavioral therapy targeting perfectionism and rigidity. Psychodynamic methods, schema therapy, and third-wave approaches may also be useful, while pharmacotherapy has a limited role.</p>","PeriodicalId":20863,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatria polska","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149216515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Craving Typology Questionnaire: Polish adaptation and validation.","authors":"Jan Chodkiewicz, Marcin Ziółkowski, Damian Czarnecki, Krzysztof Gąsior, Artur Juczyński, Katarzyna Nowakowska-Domagała","doi":"10.12740/PP/OnlineFirst/217649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12740/PP/OnlineFirst/217649","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Alcohol craving, a core symptom of addiction, is experienced by most individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD). Its significance in the course of addiction treatment has been widely investigated using various psychometric instruments. The Craving Typology Questionnaire (CTQ) developed by Martinotti et al. allows for the assessment of alcohol craving in accordance with the three-factor model proposed by Verheul et al. The aim of this study was to adapt and validate the CTQ for use in the Polish population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 510 individuals (396 men and 114 women) diagnosed with alcohol dependence and undergoing treatment in various therapeutic centers participated in the study. Alongside the CTQ, the following instruments were used: the Penn Alcohol Craving Scale (PACS), the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale (Y-BOCS-hd), and the Short Alcohol Dependence Data Questionnaire (SADD) to assess craving intensity and severity of dependence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Polish version of the CTQ demonstrated acceptable psychometric properties. Factor analysis revealed three dimensions ‒ reward craving, relief craving, and obsessive craving ‒ accounting for approximately 47% of the total variance. Due to differences in factor structure from the original, the final version was reduced from 20 to 17 items. Cronbach's alpha was 0.85 for Obsessive craving, 0.73 for Relief craving, and 0.57 for Reward craving. All CTQ subscales showed moderate, significant correlations with PACS, Y-BOCS-hd, and alcohol dependence severity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The method can therefore be recommended, albeit with some caution, for use in research and clinical practice, particularly in the selection of appropriate forms of therapy, including pharmacological interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20863,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatria polska","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149216585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recovery assistants on their training and employment - a survey.","authors":"Anna Liberadzka, Krystiana Roloff, Anna Bielańska, Andrzej Cechnicki","doi":"10.12740/PP/OnlineFirst/217954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12740/PP/OnlineFirst/217954","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess the opinions of graduates of courses preparing them for the role of recovery assistant regarding the training they completed. Additionally, to gather information on any need for further education among these graduates. Furthermore, to obtain data on whether graduates secured employment as recovery assistants (RAs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A survey method was used, with a self-administered questionnaire. A total of 48 completed questionnaires were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between 79.2% and 97.9% of participants (depending on the module) rated the course content as useful or very useful. 97.9% of respondents see a need for further training. 63.8% of the graduates took up work as a recovery assistant after the course, of whom 40% are employed full-time. 83.9% of respondents find working with patients satisfying. 87.1% perceive a high sense of purpose in working with patients. 73.3% stated that working as an RA improved their mental health. Recovery assistants observe several significant changes in their clients resulting from their work. The most important of these are greater motivation to undergo treatment (79%) and clients starting to make plans for the future and engage in various activities (72%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results indicate the validity of conducting courses and training recovery assistants at both basic and advanced levels. The introduction of recovery assistants into therapeutic teams has positive effects for both the assistants themselves and the individuals they support. It is necessary to deepen research on the scope of RAs' work and their role in therapeutic teams.</p>","PeriodicalId":20863,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatria polska","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149216463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socio-demographics associated with stress and anxiety level among patients diagnosed with proliferative disease of the haematopoietic system.","authors":"Robert Jan Łuczyk, Agnieszka Serej, Marta Łuczyk, Monika Baryła-Matejczuk, Kamil Sikora, Agnieszka Wawryniuk, Katarzyna Sawicka, Agnieszka Zwolak","doi":"10.12740/PP/OnlineFirst/193861","DOIUrl":"10.12740/PP/OnlineFirst/193861","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The most common psychiatric disorders in cancer patients are anxiety disorders. These arise from negative experiences and personal traumas of the patient, the fear of developing cancer, the fear of death, and anxiety about painful examinations and procedures. This article aims to determine the occurrence and intensity of stress and anxiety in patients diagnosed with proliferative disease of the haematopoietic system and their sociodemographic correlates.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study involved 100 patients diagnosed with proliferative disease of the haematopoietic system (acute leukaemia, chronic leukaemia, lymphoma, plasma cell myeloma, erythraemia). Participants completed the Perceived Stress Scale, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and a questionnaire on sociodemographic variables and disease characteristics. Differences between patient results and tool validation group results were examined using one-sample Student's t-tests. Relationships between variables were determined using Spearman's rho and the Kruskal-Wallis test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients with proliferative disease of the haematopoietic system exhibit higher levels of stress compared to the general population. Sociodemographic variables, such as marital status and occupational situations, had significant implications for stress intensity. The participants showed a moderate level of state anxiety and a lower inclination to react with fear compared to the tool normalisation group. As in the case of stress, the presence of loved ones, occupational situations and age significantly influenced the intensity of anxiety. The higher the stress among the participants, the higher their experienced anxiety.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Coping with cancer, i.e. fighting the disease, involves the search for emotional and instrumental support by affected individuals. Supportive environmental conditions such as stable family and professional situations are crucial for the psychological well-being of the participants.</p>","PeriodicalId":20863,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatria polska","volume":" ","pages":"275-292"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145649267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}