Psychiatria polska最新文献

{"title":"Borderline personality - from psychoanalysis to epigenetics. Biological basis of attachment.","authors":"Małgorzata Juraś-Darowny, Dominik Strzelecki, Monika Talarowska","doi":"10.12740/PP/OnlineFirst/166492","DOIUrl":"10.12740/PP/OnlineFirst/166492","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In terms of object relations theory, borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by a structural abnormality of identity, conflicting representations of self and others, and disorganization of attachment - a construct rooted in an individual's early experiences and central to the relationships established later in life. A special role in the formation of attachment style is attributed to the relationship with the caregiver and to difficult experiences or traumas from early developmental stages. These experiences not only provide the psychological basis for the development of an insecure attachment style, but also leave a biological mark in the body in the form of epigenetic modifications. Although research on epigenetic modifications in BPD is scarce, a growing body of evidence supports the importance of oxytocin - the \"social peptide\" underlying attachment - in the etiology of BPD. We believe that the study of epigenetic modifications that affect the action of oxytocin in the BPD clinical population will provide a better understanding of the basis and process of development of the disorder, as well as provide a therapeutic direction to work effectively in the major areas of BPD.</p>","PeriodicalId":20863,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatria polska","volume":" ","pages":"997-1011"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41179741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First-episode psychosis requiring electroconvulsive therapy following SARS-CoV-2 infection - Description of two cases.","authors":"Patryk Rodek, Barbara Alli-Balogun, Krzysztof Kucia","doi":"10.12740/PP/186429","DOIUrl":"10.12740/PP/186429","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>COVID-19 is a systemic disease. Since the beginning of the pandemic, there have been increasing reports of neuropsychiatric complications of the infection. The excessive inflammatory response during the infection induces changes in neurotransmission, which can result in nonspecific manifestations of affective and psychotic disorders, among other symptoms. We present descriptions of two cases involving previously untreated psychiatric patients, in whom the first-episode psychosis occurred immediately after SARS-CoV-2 infection. The commonality between both cases, besides the preceding SARS-CoV-2 infection, was the nonspecific and highly variable course of the psychotic disorder episode. This led to numerous diagnostic challenges and the necessity to change the diagnosis during treatment for both patients. In the case of a 58-year-old woman, persistent delusional disorders were initially diagnosed, followed by organic affective disorders. However, the evolution of symptoms ultimately led to the diagnosis of severe psychotic depression. In the case of a 68-year-old man, initially diagnosed psychotic depression turned out to be a first-episode of late-onset schizophrenia. Due to significant symptom exacerbation and evident treatment resistance, electroconvulsive therapy was implemented, resulting in complete symptomatic and functional remission. The first-episode psychosis post-COVID-19 is a newly emerging complication of infection, increasingly reported but still poorly defined and described in the literature. It appears to exhibit significant differences from previously encountered disease entities. The described cases underscore the ongoing need to consider a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection as a precipitating factor for first-episode psychoses, as it can impact both the course of the illness and diagnostic and therapeutic decisions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20863,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatria polska","volume":"58 6","pages":"947-955"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143772772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial.","authors":"Dominika Dudek, Jerzy A Sobański, Katarzyna Klasa","doi":"10.12740/PP/200299","DOIUrl":"10.12740/PP/200299","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>No summary.</p>","PeriodicalId":20863,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatria polska","volume":"58 6","pages":"915-916"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143772309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The usefulness of breathing and relaxation techniques influencing the autonomic nervous system state in psychiatry. A subjective review of contemporary research. Part 2 - Western tradition.","authors":"Katarzyna Klasa, Jerzy A Sobański, Krzysztof Rutkowski","doi":"10.12740/PP/186043","DOIUrl":"10.12740/PP/186043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The authors present a subjective review of recent research on the use of selected techniques influencing the state of the autonomic nervous system, based on the Western tradition, i.e. autogenic training by Johannes Heinrich Schultz and progressive muscle relaxation by Edmund Jacobson. The basic assumptions of both methods are discussed, taking into account the modifications that have occurred since their creation, pointing to their consequences and the necessity of taking them into account in research. The importance of including as accurate descriptions of the used interventions as possible in publications was also pointed out. The current subjective review focuses on studies of adults from clinical populations, suffering from mental disorders. Selected studies from the period 2020-2023 (July 30, 2023) and earlier ones, including literature reviews, listed in the PubMed database were included. The most important results and conclusions of the authors of previous research and reviews were discussed, including pointing out the numerous modifications of the discussed techniques, which make it difficult to compare the results, and the need for further, better quality research. The results of this subjective review allow us to agree with previous suggestions of the potential usefulness of autogenic training and progressive muscle relaxation as additional techniques in the treatment of mental health disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":20863,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatria polska","volume":"58 6","pages":"1023-1036"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143772977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recognition, differentiation, and the knowledge about mimic expressions of emotions among patients diagnosed with schizophrenia.","authors":"Dawid Subocz","doi":"10.12740/PP/186168","DOIUrl":"10.12740/PP/186168","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The study aims at assessing the ability to recognize and differentiate mimic expressions of emotions, as well as the knowledge about them among the people diagnosed with schizophrenia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study involved 100 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, and 100 healthy volunteers. Participants performed three tasks in a computer-based experiment aimed at recognition of mimic expressions. It used the faces of 30 people (14 men and 16 women) from the Warsaw Set of Emotional Facial Expression Pictures. The photographs present six basic emotions (happiness, fear, disgust, anger, sadness, surprise).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients diagnosed with schizophrenia achieved lower results in recognition and differentiation of selected emotional expressions vs. healthy volunteers. The patients also revealed less knowledge about mimic expressions of emotions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study evidenced that problems with recognizing emotions result not only from dysfunctions in the early phases of perception regarding mimic expressions of emotions, but also from dysfunction in the central processing of affective stimuli. The results of the study form the basis for developing training aimed at recognition of mimic expressions. Such training should teach the patients to correctly categorize emotions and improve their knowledge on emotional expressions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20863,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatria polska","volume":"58 6","pages":"919-930"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143772801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in brain structure in people with gaming disorder. A review of neuroimaging studies.","authors":"Mateusz Wojtczak, Anna Walenda, Katarzyna Kucharska","doi":"10.12740/PP/OnlineFirst/167394","DOIUrl":"10.12740/PP/OnlineFirst/167394","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review aims to summarise the current knowledge on structural brain changes among people diagnosed with gaming disorder and the resulting clinical implications. The review will show the theoretical psychological and neurobiological models of computer gaming disorder in conjunction with the results of structural neuroimaging studies. Previous epidemiological studies indicate that the prevalence of gaming disorder in the population may reach approx. 2%. Researchers indicate that the aetiopathogenesis of computer game use disorder is complex and includes psychological, social, as well as neurological and hormonal factors. From the perspective of psychological research exploring gaming disorder, it can be concluded that a person has certain specific psychopathological features and/or symptoms, which, through mediating factors, such as the inability to cope with stress or negative emotions, influence the formation of the symptoms of the disorder. In the context of the neurobiology of behavioural addictions, researchers point to disorders in the mesocorticolimbic reward system, which is influenced by dysfunctional neuronal mechanisms of emotion and stress regulation. When describing structural changes in the brain, researchers most often report differences in the volume of grey matter, which include areas of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, temporooccipital cortex, superior and posterior parietal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, cerebellum, insular cortex, limbic system, and basal ganglia.</p>","PeriodicalId":20863,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatria polska","volume":" ","pages":"1047-1066"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10534215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychiatrists' reactions to a patient's suicide - narrative review.","authors":"Zuzanna Joanna Wingralek, Karol Kasprzak, Agnieszka Dyzma-Kasprzak, Dariusz Juchnowicz, Hanna Karakuła-Juchnowicz","doi":"10.12740/PP/OnlineFirst/193253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12740/PP/OnlineFirst/193253","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The suicide of a patient can have a profound impact on the emotional state and professional practice of clinicians. The aim of the study was to: (1) determine the prevalence of the psychiatrists' experience of patient suicide; (2) compare doctors' responses to the patient's death conditioned by various causes; (3) identify the impact of patient suicide on the emotional state and professional practice of psychiatrists; (4) identify possible interventions and mental support for doctors.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A comprehensive review of literature in Polish and English was conducted, sourcing from PubMed and Google Scholar with keywords: \"patient suicide\", \"psychiatrists' reactions\" and \"mental support\" databases from 1983 to 7 March 2024. A total of 56 publications, including 41 original research papers and 15 review articles, were analysed using the SANRA scale to ensure the quality of the review.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between 38.8% and 91.5% of psychiatrists experienced patient suicide in their practice, which involved the following consequences: (1) a change in emotional state (the appearance of sadness, fear, disbelief, anger, grief, shame; less often stress reaction and the syndrome of post-traumatic stress disorder); (2) impact on professional practice (doubt in one's competence, fear of professional responsibility or criticism, increased number of consultations, excessive compliance with safety measures, too frequent hospitalisations of patients). Adequate mental support, including especially from more experienced colleagues and loved ones, significantly reduced the negative reactions of doctors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>It is important to recognise the problem of the enormous emotional burden of a patient suicide death on psychiatrists and the impact on their professional practice, as well as building among them an efficient training and mental support system.</p>","PeriodicalId":20863,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatria polska","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143606225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between beta-blockers use and depression - narrative review.","authors":"Kamila Tokarczyk, Karolina Sas, Magdalena Piegza","doi":"10.12740/PP/OnlineFirst/192685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12740/PP/OnlineFirst/192685","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Depressive symptoms are increasingly observed in people with somatic diseases, while depression increases the likelihood of coronary heart disease and has a negative impact on its course. Due to the widespread use of beta-blockers in cardiovascular diseases and the increased likelihood of depressive symptoms in this group of patients, the impact of the use of beta-blockers on the frequency of induction or severity of depressive symptoms was analyzed. The focus was primarily on the central effect of beta blockers on mood, but the effect of their peripheral action was also taken into account. The issue was examined based on the most commonly used medications. More lipophilic substances penetrate the central nervous system to a greater extent, usually leading to a higher incidence of depressive symptoms; however, this effect can vary depending on the study cited. It was noted that carvedilol, bisoprolol and propranolol did not induce depressive symptoms, unlike metoprolol, which in most studies showed a positive effect on the development or worsening of depressive symptoms. Based on the analysis of medical data, it was concluded that beta-blockers have no significant effect on the induction of depressive symptoms or this effect is clinically insignificant, and selected groups of these drugs may prevent the induction of depression or reduce its symptoms. Moreover, a positive effect of beta-blockers on reducing the level of anxiety was noted, and it was emphasized that they may cause both fatigue and sleep disorders in patients using them.</p>","PeriodicalId":20863,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatria polska","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143606251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can AI-assisted therapy (PARO robot) be a treatment option for children hospitalised in an acute mental health ward?","authors":"Agnieszka Kałwa, Lidia Popek, Natasza Żurowska, Monika Opidowicz, Katarzyna Malinowska, Agata Jabłońska, Jakub Wojtasik, Alina Borkowska","doi":"10.12740/PP/OnlineFirst/188053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12740/PP/OnlineFirst/188053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of the study was to assess changes that occur in the behavioural and emotional sphere in psychiatrically hospitalised children with serious self-aggressive tendencies after therapy using interaction with the PARO therapeutic robot.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study is of a pilot and observational nature. It was carried out over the course of three weeks. It included patients admitted to a psychiatric hospital due to threats to life and health, who were divided, by randomisation, into an experimental group (working with the PARO robot) and a control group (working with a plush toy). The methods used were related to both external observation and children's self-description.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results suggest that interaction with the PARO robot can increase positive and decrease negative emotions. This is also related to the increase in the number of interactions between children.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study results encourage further activities in the area of introducing artificial intelligence as a therapeutic potential that can be used by children with mental disorders hospitalised due to threats to life and health.</p>","PeriodicalId":20863,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatria polska","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143625722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of selected polymorphisms in regulation of gene CD38 expression and their effect on the clinical picture of autism spectrum disorders - preliminary study.","authors":"Krzysztof Maria Wilczyński, Aleksandra Auguściak-Duma, Lena Cichoń, Aleksandra Stasik, Małgorzata Janas-Kozik","doi":"10.12740/PP/OnlineFirst/166125","DOIUrl":"10.12740/PP/OnlineFirst/166125","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Clinical effects observed in cases of oxytocin deficiency can also manifest themselves in disorders of mechanisms responsible, for example, for its secretion. For oxytocin, this function is played by - among others - the cluster of differentiation antigen 38 (CD38). Existing literature along with the correlation between protein CD38 and oxytocin secretion raise interest in the context of their possible relation to the clinical picture and development of the autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The aim of the study was to analyze the correlations between polymorphisms rs3796863 and rs6449197 in gene CD38, the level of gene expression and the clinical picture and the risk of ASD diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included 59 individuals with the mean age of 15.05 years with IQ > 90. The participants were divided into two groups: the studied group consisting of 37 persons with confirmed ASD diagnoses and the control group including 22 neurotypical individuals. Diagnosis verification was carried out via the ADOS-2 protocol.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The comparative analysis with the standardized population based on the 1000Genomes database with the presence of clinically significant intensification of ASD traits showed the correlation of alleles \"T\" of polymorphisms rs3796863 and rs6449197, which are more frequent in the general population and are treated as \"wild\". In the inter-group analysis, this type of dependency was weaker, and the genotype of the control group was somehow intermediate between the studied group and the standardized population. In the ΔΔCt analysis, the normalized value of the relative expression level of gene CD38 showed that in the studied group the expression level was around 1.1-1.2 times higher than in the control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The obtained results show that a significant correlation with the severity of autism spectrum disorder traits is mainly observed in the carriers of wild variants of the studied polymorphisms, in which the related increase in the expression level of gene CD38 is also observed.</p>","PeriodicalId":20863,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatria polska","volume":" ","pages":"801-814"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139944380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}