Psychiatria polska最新文献

{"title":"Personality, dopamine, and addiction: the DRD4 Ex3 (VNTR) polymorphism and personality traits in men addicted to gambling and amphetamine.","authors":"Agnieszka Boroń, Remigiusz Recław, Krzysztof Chmielowiec, Jolanta Chmielowiec, Aleksandra Strońska-Pluta, Michał Tomasz Kowalski, Jolanta Masiak, Magdalena Gibas-Dorna, Grzegorz Trybek, Anna Grzywacz","doi":"10.12740/PP/205179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12740/PP/205179","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The present study analyzed the polymorphism of the dopamine receptor gene DRD4, which is widely described in the literature as being associated with sensation seeking. Gambling disorder (GD) shares similar biological mechanisms and symptoms with substance use disorders (SUD). Therefore, a behavioral addiction group was selected for this study. During the research and recruitment process, it was revealed that all individuals undergoing treatment for gambling addiction were also addicted to amphetamine, which aligns with the biological mechanism related to brain neurotransmission.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study sample consisted of 307 male participants: 107 men diagnosed with both gambling and amphetamine addiction (study group), and 200 non-addicted men without psychiatric disorders, who served as the control group. Both groups underwent psychometric assessment using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the NEO Five-Factor Personality Inventory, and were evaluated by a board-certified psychiatrist. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood according to standard protocols. The DRD4 Ex3 polymorphism was genotyped using the PCR technique.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among individuals with gambling and amphetamine addiction who showed higher scores on the trait scale of the STAI and higher levels of Neuroticism, the s/s polymorphism of the DRD4 Ex3 gene occurred significantly more frequently compared to the control group with s/s, l/l, and s/l polymorphisms. Similarly, in addicted individuals with higher trait STAI scores and higher Neuroticism levels, the s/l polymorphism of the DRD4 Ex3 gene was significantly more prevalent than in the control group with s/s polymorphism. These findings indicate that the s/s and s/l genotypes occurred significantly more frequently in men addicted to gambling and amphetamine than in the control group, which may suggest an association between these DRD4 Ex3 variants and susceptibility to addiction.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The present study demonstrates that addictions should be analyzed through a multifactorial lens. A correlation was observed between the DRD4 polymorphism and personality traits associated with addiction.</p>","PeriodicalId":20863,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatria polska","volume":"60 4","pages":"635-653"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149167340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expert group recommendations on the use of antipsychotic drugs in patients with somatic diseases. Part II: renal failure, liver failure, neurological diseases.","authors":"Katarzyna Maria Bliźniewska-Kowalska, Katarzyna Wachowska, Krzysztof Piotrowski, Andrzej Silczuk, Olga Płaza, Agata Szulc, Dominika Dudek, Piotr Gałecki","doi":"10.12740/PP/OnlineFirst/208214","DOIUrl":"10.12740/PP/OnlineFirst/208214","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Selecting appropriate psychiatric treatment can be challenging. It is particularly difficult in a group of patients burdened a priori by serious somatic conditions, i.e. kidney or liver failure, neurological diseases or glaucoma. When the use of antipsychotics is warranted, in addition to an adequate clinical effect profile, attention should also be paid to other features of the drug, such as its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and possible side effects. Almost all, with the exception of pimavanserin (not available in Poland), currently regis- tered antipsychotics are D2 receptor antagonists. Second-generation drugs additionally exert significant effects on serotonergic transmission, primarily by blocking 5HT2a receptors. On the other hand, modern third-generation antipsychotics, in addition to antagonism to D2 receptors, also exhibit partial agonism towards dopamine receptors, which allows modulation of dopaminergic transmission. This profile of interactions may influence the type of side effects. The purpose of this paper is to provide practical recommendations on the safety of antipsychotic drugs in groups of patients burdened by somatic conditions frequently encountered in clinical practice, i.e. renal failure, neurological conditions, including Parkinson's disease and epilepsy, liver failure, prostatic proliferation and glaucoma. The paper represents a continuation of recommendations on the use of neuroleptics in patients with somatic diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":20863,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatria polska","volume":" ","pages":"597-609"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146030546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gaming disorder: prevalence in a representative sample of Polish gamers.","authors":"Piotr Grajewski, Małgorzata Dragan","doi":"10.12740/PP/208035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12740/PP/208035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of gaming disorder (GD) according to ICD-11 diagnostic criteria in a representative sample of Polish gamers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This epidemiological study included responses from 2,738 gamers recruited through an external research panel. A survey of available data describing Polish gamers was conducted to ensure that the study group constituted a representative sample. Prevalence was determined using a set of self-report questionnaires.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of GD in the representative sample of Polish gamers was 2.9% (n = 80). However, using a conservative calculation approach, a potential GD diagnosis could be attributed to 0.6% (n = 16) of participants. The study also developed a basic sociodemographic profile of Polish gamers, identifying variables associated with GD, such as age.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Gaming disorder affects a percentage of Polish gamers, which echoes findings from studies in other European countries. This is the first attempt to estimate the prevalence of GD in a representative sample of Polish gamers. The results highlight the need for further research, particularly among children and adolescents.</p>","PeriodicalId":20863,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatria polska","volume":"60 4","pages":"611-624"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149171601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond anti-psychotics: the perspective of treating negative and cognitive symptoms with a combination of anti-dementia drugs.","authors":"Stefan Modzelewski, Aleksandra Julia Oracz, Maria Suprunowicz, Napoleon Waszkiewicz","doi":"10.12740/PP/OnlineFirst/202253","DOIUrl":"10.12740/PP/OnlineFirst/202253","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder characterised by a broad spectrum of symptoms, including psychotic, negative and cognitive symptoms. Despite advances in antipsychotic treatment, current therapies do not fully alleviate negative and cognitive symptoms, making it difficult for patients to function adequately in society. Recent research suggests that combining anti-dementia drugs, specifically galantamine and memantine, with standard neuroleptic treatment may offer a novel approach to improving these symptoms. This paper explores the mechanisms of action of galantamine and memantine, their potential synergistic effects and their impact on key pathways implicated in schizophrenia, such as the cholinergic, glutamatergic and kynurenine pathways. The combination of these drugs shows promise in enhancing cognitive functions and reducing negative symptoms, potentially leading to better overall outcomes for patients with schizophrenia. However, further clinical trials are needed to validate these findings and optimise treatment protocols.</p>","PeriodicalId":20863,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatria polska","volume":" ","pages":"699-707"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146150555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Twenty-year trajectories of negative symptoms following first hospitalization for schizophrenia: A Bayesian analysis.","authors":"Dawid Kruk, Andrzej Cechnicki, Romuald Polczyk, Piotr Błądziński, Aneta Kalisz","doi":"10.12740/PP/226293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12740/PP/226293","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of the study was to investigate whether three negative symptoms of schizophrenia - motor retardation, emotional withdrawal, and blunted affect - differ in their course over 20 years following first hospitalization.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from 80 patients in the Cracow Prospective Study of Schizophrenia, assessed at six time points over 20 years using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, were reanalyzed with Bayesian cumulative ordinal multilevel models following the WAMBS (When to Worry and How to Avoid the Misuse of Bayesian Statistics) checklist.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All three symptoms displayed U-shaped trajectories characterized by early improvement and late-phase deterioration. Motor retardation was less severe at baseline than emotional withdrawal (β = -0.85; 95% CrI [-1.31; -0.39]) and blunted affect (β = -0.99; 95% CrI [-1.47; -0.52]). A preliminary indication, not reaching conventional evidential thresholds, was that motor retardation may be more persistent than emotional withdrawal (β = 0.25; 95% CrI [0.04; 0.45]). No differences were found in trajectory shape.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Negative symptoms show similar long-term U-shaped trajectories. The lower baseline severity but potentially higher persistence of motor retardation raises the possibility that motor symptoms, once present, may follow a more trait-like course, though this preliminary pattern requires replication. These results highlight the need for continuous monitoring of negative symptoms throughout the illness.</p>","PeriodicalId":20863,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatria polska","volume":"60 4","pages":"727-744"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149169080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reducing the risk of obesity, diabetes, and metabolic disorders in patients treated with antipsychotics - recommendations of the Polish Psychiatric Association Part II: diagnostics and pharmacological treatment.","authors":"Adam Wichniak, Tomasz Klupa, Alina Kuryłowicz, Agata Szulc, Jerzy Samochowiec, Dominika Dudek, Janusz Heitzman, Katarzyna Cyranka, Przemysław Bieńkowski","doi":"10.12740/PP/224831","DOIUrl":"10.12740/PP/224831","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pharmacotherapy used in psychiatry, particularly some antipsychotics (APs), may increase the risk of developing metabolic disorders. This creates a necessity for educating psychiatrists in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of these disorders in patients receiving APs. The aim of this article is to present the second part of the recommendations from the Polish Psychiatric Association (PTP) regarding the reduction of risk for obesity, diabetes, and metabolic disorders in people treated with APs, covering diagnosis and pharmacological treatment. The article complements part 1 of the recommendations, which is devoted to risk factors for the development of metabolic disorders and non-pharmacological interventions. Cardiometabolic risk assessment (including measurement of body weight, waist circumference, blood pressure, glycemia, glycated hemoglobin, and lipid profile evaluation) should be conducted before starting pharmacotherapy, and then again at 6 and 12 weeks of treatment, as well as every 12 months. In cases of weight gain, abnormalities in diagnostic tests, coexistence of metabolic risk factors, and when initiating treatment with APs that carry a high risk of metabolic disturbances (e.g., olanzapine, clozapine), consideration should be given to the introduction of metformin treatment at a dose of 1,000-2,000 mg/day, as the best-documented, safe, and inexpensive pharmacological method for preventing the development of metabolic disorders. Patients with obesity should be offered effective pharmacological treatment aligned with current guidelines. Through this treatment approach, psychiatrists can have a real impact on improving the metabolic health of their patients, reducing the risk of complications, and enhancing the quality of life of individuals with mental disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":20863,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatria polska","volume":"60 4","pages":"565-580"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149166630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial.","authors":"Dominika Dudek, Jerzy A Sobański, Katarzyna Klasa","doi":"10.12740/PP/241700","DOIUrl":"10.12740/PP/241700","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p></p>","PeriodicalId":20863,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatria polska","volume":"60 4","pages":"543-544"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149216575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathology of personality organization and problematic Internet use in adolescents.","authors":"Ewa Wojtynkiewicz, Karolina Głogowska, Marcin Sękowski","doi":"10.12740/PP/208056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12740/PP/208056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Personality organization model was originally used to conceptualize personality pathology in adults. Recently, it has also been increasingly used to understand personality psychopathology in adolescence. Problematic Internet use (PIU) is currently becoming a serious problem in the area of youth mental health and its prevalence is increasing. The aim of our study was to show that the level of pathology of personality structures may be positively associated with the severity of PIU symptoms in adolescents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Polish adolescents (N = 443; 62.5% girls) aged 12 to 18 years (M = 15.30; SD = 2.11) completed the Inventory of Personality Organization for Adolescents and the Internet Addiction Test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Research has shown that five dimensions of pathological personality organization explain an additional 18.3% of the variance in PIU (with \"Unstable Sense of Self and Others\", and \"Arrogance and Mistrust\" as significant predictors), in relation to gender and age.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>It seems that PIU can be understood as a non-adaptive method of regulating identity difficulties, interpersonal hypersensitivity, and distrust in the world, in which cyberspace becomes a safe place for adolescents to experience themselves and present themselves to others.</p>","PeriodicalId":20863,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatria polska","volume":"60 4","pages":"625-634"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149169964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reducing the risk of obesity, diabetes, and metabolic disorders in patients treated with antipsychotics - recommendations of the Polish Psychiatric Association Part I: risk factors and psychological interventions.","authors":"Adam Wichniak, Agata Szulc, Jerzy Samochowiec, Dominika Dudek, Janusz Heitzman, Katarzyna Cyranka, Alina Kuryłowicz, Tomasz Klupa, Przemysław Bieńkowski","doi":"10.12740/PP/217883","DOIUrl":"10.12740/PP/217883","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Patients suffering from mental disorders - particularly schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and depression - are at least 1.5 times more likely to develop metabolic disorders than the general population, with prevalence among people with mental disorders exceeding 30%. In 2019, the Polish Psychiatric Association (PTP) developed and published recommendations on reducing metabolic risk in patients with schizophrenia treated with antipsychotics (APs). This article presents the first part of the update and expansion of these recommendations. It focuses on risk factors for obesity, diabetes, and metabolic disorders in people treated with APs, as well as guidelines on non-pharmacological interventions to prevent and treat metabolic disorders. The recommendations were prepared by a group of experts invited by the Board of PTP based on a literature review, analysis of published guidelines, and clinical experience. Psychiatrists should not only be aware of the increased risk of metabolic disorders in people treated with APs but should also actively act to prevent these conditions. The basis of prevention is lifestyle modification through small, gradual steps easier to maintain over the long term. Recommended interventions include: (1) nutritional education, (2) regular physical activity, (3) meal planning, (4) menu preparation, (5) mindfulness and relaxation techniques, (6) participation in support groups, (7) progress monitoring. In cases of high risk, or when such disorders are already present, pharmacological interventions are recommended, as outlined in the second part of the guidelines.</p>","PeriodicalId":20863,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatria polska","volume":"60 4","pages":"547-563"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149167755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk of medical malpractice lawsuits, occupational stress, and the choice of medical specialization among medical students.","authors":"Martyna Weronika Leśniak, Ewa Halina Krawczyk, Karolina Kruczaj, Szymon Florek, Magdalena Piegza","doi":"10.12740/PP/OnlineFirst/208483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12740/PP/OnlineFirst/208483","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>In recent years, there has been a decline in interest in choosing surgical specializations and those with a high risk of receiving a medical malpractice lawsuit among medical graduates. The aim of the study to assess the relationship between the estimated risk of receiving a lawsuit in individual medical specialties and the choice of specialization by medical students, as well as to assess students' knowledge of medical law and stress management techniques.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The research group consisted of medical students from the fourth to sixth year of studies in Poland. The study was conducted from February to June 2024. The collected data were subjected to statistical analysis, including comparative and correlation analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>More than half of the respondents assess their knowledge of medical errors and stress management as insufficient. Students of higher years of studies and women are less likely to consider the choice of surgical specializations that fall into the \"high-risk\" group. However, older students assessed their knowledge of medical law and stress management techniques more favorably.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Students show less interest in choosing \"high-risk\" specialties and emphasize the need to expand the scope of education on medical errors and stress management techniques during their studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":20863,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatria polska","volume":"60 4","pages":"709-725"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149138071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}