Psychological bulletin最新文献

{"title":"Intuitive deontology? A systematic review and multivariate, multilevel meta-analysis of experimental studies on the psychological drivers of moral judgments.","authors":"Alina Fahrenwaldt,Jerome Olsen,Rima-Maria Rahal,Susann Fiedler","doi":"10.1037/bul0000472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000472","url":null,"abstract":"Humans often face moral dilemmas posing a conflict between two motives: deontology (rule-following, e.g., \"thou shalt not kill\") and utilitarianism (greater-good-maximization, e.g., sacrificing one for many). A long-standing debate concerns the influence of cognitive processing on moral judgments in such dilemmas. One popular dual process account suggests that intuition favors \"deontological\" judgments, whereas \"utilitarian\" judgments require more reflection. We conducted a comprehensive multilevel, multivariate meta-analysis to assess the cumulative evidence favoring intuitive deontology, its heterogeneity within and across studies, and its robustness to bias. Following established standards, our search for published and gray literature identified 731 unique effects nested in 139 studies from 80 reports meeting our eligibility criteria. Overall, we found a significant but small effect favoring intuitive deontology (OR = 1.18, 95% CI [1.10, 1.26]; p < .0001). We also observed substantial effect heterogeneity stemming from differences within and between studies. Results were robust to outliers, and we found no consistent indications of publication bias. Our preregistered exploration of various moderators resulted in significant explanation of the residual variance by manipulation and dilemma type, with the highest effects of intuitive deontology found for studies using foreign language or induction manipulations and the footbridge dilemma. In a post hoc analysis, restricting the data set to dilemma actions requiring personal force and instrumentality, we found an increased effect of intuitive deontology (OR = 1.30, 95% CI [1.19, 1.42]). Results question the universality of intuitive deontology, inform current discussions on the effect's underlying mechanisms, and call for more carefully designed studies testing the effect. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":20854,"journal":{"name":"Psychological bulletin","volume":"9 1","pages":"428-454"},"PeriodicalIF":22.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143897315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ignored, dismissed, and minimized: Understanding the harmful consequences of invalidation in health care-A systematic meta-synthesis of qualitative research.","authors":"Allyson C Bontempo,John M Bontempo,Paul R Duberstein","doi":"10.1037/bul0000473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000473","url":null,"abstract":"The upsurge in the prevalence of contested, ambiguous, and difficult-to-diagnose illnesses presents challenges for clinicians who too often respond by invalidating patients' symptoms. Although numerous qualitative studies have reported the effects of invalidation on patients' psychological and behavioral outcomes, this body of research has not been systematically reviewed. Informed by Linehan's (1993) conceptualization of invalidation, this systematic review elucidated the negative consequences, of symptom invalidation, or the dismissal or minimization of a person's experiences with illness. We reviewed 151 qualitative reports representing 11,307 individuals with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, endometriosis, fibromyalgia syndrome, Gulf War syndrome, irritable bowel syndrome, long COVID, multiple chemical sensitivity, myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, and vulvodynia. Consistent with Linehan's theorizing, thematic analysis identified four broad classes of consequences: induced emotional states and beliefs (e.g., shame, suicidality), induced health care emotional states and beliefs (e.g., health care-related anxiety and trauma), induced health care behavior (e.g., health care system avoidance), and diagnostic delay. Informed by these findings, we developed a novel conceptual model explaining how symptom invalidation leads to these consequences and thereby undermines health outcomes. Future work should explore the proposed conceptual model and identify theoretically informed interventions and policies aimed at preventing symptom invalidation to improve psychological, behavioral, and health outcomes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":20854,"journal":{"name":"Psychological bulletin","volume":"48 1","pages":"399-427"},"PeriodicalIF":22.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143897316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The predictive power of autobiographical memory in shaping the mental health of young people: An individual participant data meta-analysis.","authors":"Uyen Doan,Dou Hong,Leo Mares,Molly Butler,Adrian Dahl Askelund,Charlotte Gutenbrunner,Rachel Hiller,Reginald D V Nixon,Vanessa Puetz,Paul E Jose,Allison Metts,Lauren B Alloy,Brandon E Gibb,Alison E Hipwell,Karen Salmon,Victoria Powell,Naomi Warne,Frances Rice,Caitlin Hitchcock","doi":"10.1037/bul0000474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000474","url":null,"abstract":"Reduced autobiographical memory (AM) specificity, characterized by difficulty recalling specific past events, is a feature of multiple psychiatric disorders. While meta-analyses indicate that reduced AM specificity can predict future symptom severity, its role as a premorbid risk factor for mental illness onset in young people remains unclear. Our preregistered individual participant data meta-analysis (PROSPERO; CRD42022287786) synthesized longitudinal data from 14 community-based studies of children and adolescents (N = 9,165). Most studies reported symptom severity (92.9%), with one third also reporting diagnostic status (35.7%). Assessment timing ranged from 2 months to 8.3 years following the autobiographical memory task. Multivariate mixed-effect models found no support for AM specificity predicting future symptom severity in depression or posttraumatic stress disorder. Contrary to expectations, higher memory specificity significantly predicted higher anxiety symptoms, but the quality of evidence was low. Intriguingly, reduced AM specificity significantly predicted an increased risk of receiving a psychiatric diagnosis and an earlier onset of disorder (hazard ratio = 0.55, p = .018). This risk was most robust for depressive disorders (hazard ratio = 0.21, p < .001). Findings suggest reduced AM specificity could be a risk factor for the onset of functionally impairing psychiatric disorders, but it does not consistently predict elevated symptoms in community-based samples. Further theoretical development is needed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":20854,"journal":{"name":"Psychological bulletin","volume":"2 1","pages":"455-475"},"PeriodicalIF":22.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143897317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Teacher-student relationships and student outcomes: A systematic second-order meta-analytic review.","authors":"Valentin Emslander, Doris Holzberger, Sverre Berg Ofstad, Antoine Fischbach, Ronny Scherer","doi":"10.1037/bul0000461","DOIUrl":"10.1037/bul0000461","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Teacher-student relationships (TSRs) play a vital role in establishing a positive classroom climate and promoting positive student outcomes. Several meta-analyses have suggested significant correlations between positive TSRs and, for example, academic achievement, motivation, executive functions, and well-being, as well as between negative TSRs that result in behavior problems or bullying. These meta-analyses have differed substantially in TSR-outcome relationships, moderators, and methodological quality, thus complicating the interpretation of these findings. In this preregistered systematic review of meta-analyses plus original second-order meta-analyses (SOMAs), we aimed to (a) synthesize the meta-analytic evidence on relations between TSRs and student outcomes, (b) map influential moderators of these relations, and (c) assess the methodological quality of the meta-analyses. We synthesized over 70 years of educational research across 26 meta-analyses encompassing 119 meta-analytic effect sizes based on approximately 2.64 million prekindergarten and K-12 students. We conducted several three-level SOMAs and found that TSRs had similar large significant relations with eight clusters of student outcomes: academic achievement, academic emotions, appropriate student behavior, behavior problems, executive functions and self-control, motivation, school belonging and engagement, and well-being. The link with bullying was only marginally significant. Our moderator analyses suggested a larger TSR-outcome link for middle and high school students. Although more recent meta-analyses fulfilled more methodological quality criteria, these differences were not associated with TSR-outcome relations. These results map the field of TSR research; present their relations, moderators, and methodological quality in meta-analyses; and show how TSRs are equally important for a wide range of student outcomes and samples. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20854,"journal":{"name":"Psychological bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"365-397"},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143391506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social class and prosociality: A meta-analytic review.","authors":"Junhui Wu, Daniel Balliet, Mingliang Yuan, Wenqi Li, Yanyan Chen, Shuxian Jin, Shenghua Luan, Paul A M Van Lange","doi":"10.1037/bul0000469","DOIUrl":"10.1037/bul0000469","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Two theoretical perspectives (i.e., the risk management perspective and the resource perspective) offer competing predictions that higher class individuals-relative to lower class individuals-tend to be less versus more prosocial, respectively. Different predictions can also be drawn from each perspective about how the class-prosociality association varies across sociocultural contexts. To date, each perspective has received mixed empirical support. To test these competing perspectives, we synthesized 1,106 effect sizes from 471 independent studies on social class and prosociality (total N = 2,340,806, covering the years 1968-2024) conducted within 60 societies. Supporting the resource perspective, we found higher class individuals to be slightly more prosocial (r = .065, 95% confidence interval [.055, .075]); this association held for children, adolescents, and adults and did not significantly vary by any sociocultural variable. In testing the methodological moderators, we found no significant difference in the class-prosociality association in studies measuring objective social class (r = .066) and those measuring or manipulating subjective social class (r = .063). Nevertheless, the observed class-prosociality association was stronger when assessing prosocial behavior involving actual commitment of material or nonmaterial resources (r = .079) compared to prosocial intention (r = .039), and stronger under public (r = .065) than private (r = .016) circumstances. These findings generally support the resource perspective on class-based differences in prosociality-that the relatively higher cost of prosocial behavior, combined with heightened experience of deprivation, results in lower levels of prosociality among individuals with a lower social class background. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20854,"journal":{"name":"Psychological bulletin","volume":"151 3","pages":"285-321"},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143754243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mind-wandering increases in frequency over time during task performance: An individual-participant meta-analytic review.","authors":"Anthony P Zanesco, Ekaterina Denkova, Amishi P Jha","doi":"10.1037/bul0000424","DOIUrl":"10.1037/bul0000424","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Attention has a seemingly inevitable tendency to turn inward toward our thoughts. Mind-wandering refers to moments when this inward focus diverts attention away from the current task-at-hand. Mind-wandering is thought to be ubiquitous, having been estimated to occur between 30% and 50% of our waking moments. Yet, it is unclear whether this frequency is similar within-task performance contexts and unknown whether mind-wandering systematically increases with time-on-task for a broad range of tasks. We conducted a systematic literature search and individual participant data meta-analysis of rates of occurrence of mind-wandering during task performance. Our search located 68 research reports providing almost a half-million total responses to experience sampling mind-wandering probes from more than 10,000 unique individuals. Latent growth curve models estimated the initial occurrence of mind-wandering and linear change in mind-wandering over sequential probes for each study sample, and effects were summarized using multivariate meta-analysis. Our results confirm that mind-wandering increases in frequency over time during task performance, implicating mind-wandering in characteristic within-task psychological changes, such as increasing boredom and patterns of worsening behavioral performance with time-on-task. The systematic search and meta-analysis provide the most comprehensive assessment of normative rates of mind-wandering during task performance reported to date. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20854,"journal":{"name":"Psychological bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"217-239"},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139997304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Getting comfortable with physical discomfort: A scoping review of interoceptive exposure in physical and mental health conditions.","authors":"Samantha G Farris, Lilly Derby, Mindy M Kibbey","doi":"10.1037/bul0000464","DOIUrl":"10.1037/bul0000464","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Interoceptive exposure (IE) involves the use of exercises, activities, or tasks to intentionally induce (or exacerbate) physical symptoms in the body, to challenge misconceptions about the harmful nature of the physical symptoms that maintain fear and problematic avoidance. IE was originally developed for the cognitive behavioral treatment and prevention of panic disorder. Bodily sensations and concern about physical symptoms are common features in many conditions, not limited to panic disorder. For this reason, IE could be theoretically relevant to cognitive behavioral intervention for many psychological, behavioral, and medical conditions. Yet, IE remains relatively underrecognized and underused as an intervention. Exposure involves feeling discomfort before experiencing relief; thus, it is often perceived as an aversive, unsafe, and illogical intervention because of the seemingly paradoxical approach. We conducted a systematic literature search for a scoping review with the aim of locating published studies on IE to understand how it has been studied beyond panic disorder. Studies focused solely on panic disorder were excluded. We were able to identify and extract data from 132 studies (published between 1992 and 2022), though this published literature is difficult to find. The use of IE has been widely investigated in conditions beyond panic disorder, although evidence for its efficacy is difficult to isolate from other forms of exposure and cognitive behavioral features. There is the strongest evidence for the efficacy of IE as a part of multicomponent cognitive behavioral treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder, health anxiety, irritable bowel syndrome, and to aid in benzodiazepine discontinuation. Interventions that were primarily or exclusively IE-based did not consistently or directly influence claustrophobia fear, separation anxiety, suicidality, insomnia symptoms, cigarette or drug abstinence, or pain-related fear. No serious adverse events were reported in any study. Studies of IE require larger sample sizes, detailed descriptions and rationale of IE exercises, higher IE dosing, extended follow-up assessment, and documentation of safety. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20854,"journal":{"name":"Psychological bulletin","volume":"151 2","pages":"131-191"},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11905771/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143523657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does confronting prejudice reduce intergroup bias? A meta-analytic review.","authors":"Chantelle Wood, Sofia Persson, Lilith Roberts, Oliver Allchin, Melanie Simmonds-Buckley","doi":"10.1037/bul0000466","DOIUrl":"10.1037/bul0000466","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Confronting prejudice is a promising strategy for reducing intergroup bias. The current meta-analysis estimated the effects of confronting prejudice on intergroup bias in the confronted person and examined the impact of potential moderators. Eligible studies measured intergroup bias in participants confronted versus not confronted for intergroup bias. A three-level mixed-effects analysis on 91 effect sizes found a significant, medium-sized effect of confronting prejudice on reducing intergroup bias (g₊ = 0.54). There was only limited evidence of publication bias. Confrontation was differentially effective at reducing different types of intergroup bias with a medium-to-large effect on using or endorsing stereotypes, small-to-medium effects on behavior and behavioral intentions, and no significant effects on cognitive prejudice. Effects were otherwise largely robust to differences in confrontation, sample, and study design characteristics. Yet, studies predominantly focused on whether confronting the use of stereotypes reduced subsequent use of stereotypes in artificial settings, and primarily sampled U.S.-based, young, White adults, making it difficult to generalize effects to other forms of intergroup bias and populations, particularly in real-world settings. Studies also tended to measure intergroup bias immediately after confrontation, so the duration of effects over longer periods is less clear. To better evaluate the potential of confrontation as a prejudice reduction technique, future research should examine whether confronting prejudice reduces different forms of intergroup bias in more diverse participant samples and settings, over longer periods, and further test theoretical mediators of these effects. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20854,"journal":{"name":"Psychological bulletin","volume":"151 2","pages":"192-216"},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143523538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of acute exercise on cognitive function: A meta-review of 30 systematic reviews with meta-analyses.","authors":"Yu-Kai Chang,Fei-Fei Ren,Ruei-Hong Li,Jing-Yi Ai,Shih-Chun Kao,Jennifer L Etnier","doi":"10.1037/bul0000460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000460","url":null,"abstract":"This meta-review provides the first meta-analytic evidence from published meta-analyses examining the effectiveness of acute exercise interventions on cognitive function. A multilevel meta-analysis with a random-effects model and tests of moderators were performed in R. Thirty systematic reviews with meta-analyses (383 unique studies with 18,347 participants) were identified. Acute exercise significantly improved cognitive function with a small-to-medium effect (N of standardized mean difference [SMD] = 44, mean SMD [M SMD] = 0.33, 95% CI [0.24, 0.42], p < .001). A generalized effect was observed across cognitive domains, showing benefits to tasks identified as attention (M SMD = 0.37), mixed/other (M SMD = 0.36), executive function (M SMD = 0.36), memory (M SMD = 0.23), and information processing (M SMD = 0.20). The timepoint of assessment was a significant moderator (p < .05) with the largest benefits observed when cognitive function was assessed following exercise (M SMD = 0.32). Sample descriptors (i.e., age, cognitive status) and exercise parameters (i.e., intensity, type, duration) did not moderate the positive acute exercise effect on cognitive function (ps > .05). Acute exercise facilitates cognitive function, with the size of the effect varying depending on the timing of assessment in relation to exercise. Notably, these benefits are evident across cognitive domains and occur regardless of participants' characteristics and exercise settings, supporting the adoption of acute exercise for improved cognitive function across the lifespan. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":20854,"journal":{"name":"Psychological bulletin","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":22.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143062048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parents favor daughters: A meta-analysis of gender and other predictors of parental differential treatment.","authors":"Alexander C Jensen,McKell A Jorgensen-Wells","doi":"10.1037/bul0000458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000458","url":null,"abstract":"Decades of research highlight that differential treatment can have negative developmental consequences, particularly for less favored siblings. Despite this robust body of research, less is known about which children in the family tend to be favored or less favored by parents. The present study examined favored treatment as predicted by birth order, gender, temperament, and personality. We also examined whether links were moderated by multiple factors (i.e., parent gender, age, reporter, domain of parenting/favoritism). Multilevel meta-analysis data were collected from 30 peer-reviewed journal articles and dissertations/theses and 14 other databases. In all, the data reflected 19,469 unique participants (Mage = 19.57, SD = 13.92). Results showed that when favoritism was based on autonomy and control, parents tended to favor older siblings. Further, parents reported favoring daughters. Conscientious and agreeable children also received more favored treatment. For conscientious children, favoritism was strongest when based on differences in conflict (i.e., more conscientious children had relatively less conflict with their parents). Parents and clinicians should be aware of which children in a family tend to be favored as a way of recognizing potentially damaging family patterns. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":20854,"journal":{"name":"Psychological bulletin","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":22.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142989141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}