Elliot Murphy , Patrick S. Rollo , Katrien Segaert , Peter Hagoort , Nitin Tandon
{"title":"Multiple dimensions of syntactic structure are resolved earliest in posterior temporal cortex","authors":"Elliot Murphy , Patrick S. Rollo , Katrien Segaert , Peter Hagoort , Nitin Tandon","doi":"10.1016/j.pneurobio.2024.102669","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pneurobio.2024.102669","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>How we combine minimal linguistic units into larger structures remains an unresolved topic in neuroscience. Language processing involves the abstract construction of ‘vertical’ and ‘horizontal’ information simultaneously (e.g., phrase structure, morphological agreement), but previous paradigms have been constrained in isolating only one type of composition and have utilized poor spatiotemporal resolution. Using intracranial recordings, we report multiple experiments designed to separate phrase structure from morphosyntactic agreement. Epilepsy patients (n = 10) were presented with auditory two-word phrases grouped into pseudoword-verb (‘trab run’) and pronoun-verb either with or without Person agreement (‘they run’ vs. ‘they runs’). Phrase composition and Person violations both resulted in significant increases in broadband high gamma activity approximately 300 ms after verb onset in posterior middle temporal gyrus (pMTG) and posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS), followed by inferior frontal cortex (IFC) at 500 ms. While sites sensitive to only morphosyntactic violations were distributed, those sensitive to both composition types were generally confined to pSTS/pMTG and IFC. These results indicate that posterior temporal cortex shows the earliest sensitivity for hierarchical linguistic structure across multiple dimensions, providing neural resources for distinct windows of composition. This region is comprised of sparsely interwoven heterogeneous constituents that afford cortical search spaces for dissociable syntactic relations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20851,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Neurobiology","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 102669"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142352728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mnemonically modulated perceptual processing to represent allocentric space in macaque inferotemporal cortex","authors":"Ao Li , He Chen , Yuji Naya","doi":"10.1016/j.pneurobio.2024.102670","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pneurobio.2024.102670","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To encode allocentric space information of a viewing object, it is important to relate perceptual information in the first-person perspective to the representation of an entire scene which would be constructed before. A substantial number of studies investigated the constructed scene information (e.g., cognitive map). However, only few studies have focused on its influence on perceptual processing. Therefore, we designed a visually guided saccade task requiring monkeys to gaze at objects in different locations on different backgrounds clipped from large self-designed mosaic pictures (parental pictures). In each trial, we presented moving backgrounds prior to object presentations, indicating a frame position of the background image on a parental picture. We recorded single-unit activities from 377 neurons in the posterior inferotemporal (PIT) cortex of two macaques. Equivalent numbers of neurons showed space-related (119 of 377) and object-related (125 of 377) information. The space-related neurons coded the gaze locations and background images jointly rather than separately. These results suggest that PIT neurons represent a particular location within a particular background image. Interestingly, frame positions of background images on parental pictures modulated the space-related responses dependently on parental pictures. As the frame positions could be acquired by only preceding visual experiences, the present results may provide neuronal evidence of a mnemonic effect on current perception, which might represent allocentric object location in a scene beyond the current view.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20851,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Neurobiology","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 102670"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142375877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tanner L. Anderson , Jack V. Keady , Judy Songrady , Navid S. Tavakoli , Artin Asadipooya , Ryson E. Neeley , Jill R. Turner , Pavel I. Ortinski
{"title":"Distinct 5-HT receptor subtypes regulate claustrum excitability by serotonin and the psychedelic, DOI","authors":"Tanner L. Anderson , Jack V. Keady , Judy Songrady , Navid S. Tavakoli , Artin Asadipooya , Ryson E. Neeley , Jill R. Turner , Pavel I. Ortinski","doi":"10.1016/j.pneurobio.2024.102660","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pneurobio.2024.102660","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Recent evidence indicates that neuronal activity within the claustrum (CLA) may be central to cellular and behavioral responses to psychedelic hallucinogens. The CLA prominently innervates many cortical targets and displays exceptionally high levels of serotonin (5-HT) binding. However, the influence of serotonin receptors, prime targets of psychedelic drug action, on CLA activity remains unexplored. We characterize the CLA expression of all known 5-HT subtypes and contrast the effects of 5-HT and the psychedelic hallucinogen, 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine (DOI), on excitability of cortical-projecting CLA neurons. We find that the CLA is particularly enriched with 5-HT2C receptors, expressed predominantly on glutamatergic neurons. Electrophysiological recordings from CLA neurons that project to the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) indicate that application of 5-HT inhibits glutamate receptor-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs). In contrast, application of DOI stimulates EPSCs. We find that the opposite effects of 5-HT and DOI on synaptic signaling can both be reversed by inhibition of the 5-HT2C, but not 5-HT2A, receptors. We identify specific 5-HT receptor subtypes as serotonergic regulators of the CLA excitability and argue against the canonical role of 5-HT2A in glutamatergic synapse response to psychedelics within the CLA-ACC circuit.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20851,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Neurobiology","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 102660"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142111393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daisuke Shimaoka , Yan Tat Wong , Marcello G.P. Rosa , Nicholas Seow Chiang Price
{"title":"Naturalistic movies and encoding analysis define areal borders in marmoset third-tier visual cortex","authors":"Daisuke Shimaoka , Yan Tat Wong , Marcello G.P. Rosa , Nicholas Seow Chiang Price","doi":"10.1016/j.pneurobio.2024.102657","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pneurobio.2024.102657","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Accurate definition of the borders of cortical visual areas is essential for the study of neuronal processes leading to perception. However, data used for definition of areal boundaries have suffered from issues related to resolution, uniform coverage, or suitability for objective analysis, leading to ambiguity. Here, we present a novel approach that combines widefield optical imaging, presentation of naturalistic movies, and encoding model analysis, to objectively define borders in the primate extrastriate cortex. We applied this method to test conflicting hypotheses about the third-tier visual cortex, where areal boundaries have remained controversial. We demonstrate pronounced tuning preferences in the third-tier areas, and an organizational structure in which the dorsomedial area (DM) contains representations of both the upper and lower contralateral quadrants, and is located immediate anterior to V2. High-density electrophysiological recordings with a Neuropixels probe confirm these findings. Our encoding-model approach offers a powerful, objective way to disambiguate areal boundaries.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20851,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Neurobiology","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 102657"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301008224000935/pdfft?md5=bc7941c87bc2ead50297eb74962e4f67&pid=1-s2.0-S0301008224000935-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141894177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Didier Dulon , Jacques Boutet de Monvel , Baptiste Plion , Adeline Mallet , Christine Petit , Steven Condamine , Yohan Bouleau , Saaid Safieddine
{"title":"A free intravesicular C-terminal of otoferlin is essential for synaptic vesicle docking and fusion at auditory inner hair cell ribbon synapses","authors":"Didier Dulon , Jacques Boutet de Monvel , Baptiste Plion , Adeline Mallet , Christine Petit , Steven Condamine , Yohan Bouleau , Saaid Safieddine","doi":"10.1016/j.pneurobio.2024.102658","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pneurobio.2024.102658","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Our understanding of how otoferlin, the major calcium sensor in inner hair cells (IHCs) synaptic transmission, contributes to the overall dynamics of synaptic vesicle (SV) trafficking remains limited. To address this question, we generated a knock-in mouse model expressing an otoferlin-GFP protein, where GFP was fused to its C-terminal transmembrane domain. Similar to the wild type protein, the GFP-tagged otoferlin showed normal expression and was associated with IHC SV. Surprisingly, while the heterozygote <em>Otof</em> <sup><em>+/GFP</em></sup> mice exhibited a normal hearing function, homozygote <em>Otof</em> <sup><em>GFP/GFP</em></sup> mice were profoundly deaf attributed to severe reduction in SV exocytosis. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching revealed a markedly increased mobile fraction of the otof-GFP-associated SV in <em>Otof <sup>GFP/GFP</sup></em> IHCs. Correspondingly, 3D-electron tomographic of the ribbon synapses indicated a reduced density of SV attached to the ribbon active zone. Collectively, these results indicate that otoferlin requires a free intravesicular C-terminal end for normal SV docking and fusion.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20851,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Neurobiology","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 102658"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301008224000947/pdfft?md5=61dac4df5fe8a53220a48368fcbaa2d7&pid=1-s2.0-S0301008224000947-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141894176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mei-Lan Liu , Yi-Peng Liu , Xin-Xia Guo , Zhi-Yi Wu , Xiao-Tong Zhang , Anna Wang Roe , Jia-Ming Hu
{"title":"Orientation selectivity mapping in the visual cortex","authors":"Mei-Lan Liu , Yi-Peng Liu , Xin-Xia Guo , Zhi-Yi Wu , Xiao-Tong Zhang , Anna Wang Roe , Jia-Ming Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.pneurobio.2024.102656","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pneurobio.2024.102656","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The orientation map is one of the most well-studied functional maps of the visual cortex. However, results from the literature are of different qualities. Clear boundaries among different orientation domains and blurred uncertain distinctions were shown in different studies. These unclear imaging results will lead to an inaccuracy in depicting cortical structures, and the lack of consideration in experimental design will also lead to biased depictions of the cortical features. How we accurately define orientation domains will impact the entire field of research. In this study, we test how spatial frequency (SF), stimulus size, location, chromatic, and data processing methods affect the orientation functional maps (including a large area of dorsal V4, and parts of dorsal V1) acquired by intrinsic signal optical imaging. Our results indicate that, for large imaging fields, large grating stimuli with mixed SF components should be considered to acquire the orientation map. A diffusion model image enhancement based on the difference map could further improve the map quality. In addition, the similar outcomes of achromatic and chromatic gratings indicate two alternative types of afferents from LGN, pooling in V1 to generate cue-invariant orientation selectivity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20851,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Neurobiology","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 102656"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301008224000923/pdfft?md5=d10cbf14051a20a184842cf64d84b05b&pid=1-s2.0-S0301008224000923-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141620760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Population coding for figure-ground texture segregation in macaque V1 and V4","authors":"Xing-Nan Zhao , Xing-Si Dong , Dan-Qing Jiang , Si Wu , Shi-Ming Tang , Cong Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.pneurobio.2024.102655","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pneurobio.2024.102655","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Object recognition often involves the brain segregating objects from their surroundings. Neurophysiological studies of figure-ground texture segregation have yielded inconsistent results, particularly on whether V1 neurons can perform figure-ground texture segregation or just detect texture borders. To address this issue from a population perspective, we utilized two-photon calcium imaging to simultaneously record the responses of large samples of V1 and V4 neurons to figure-ground texture stimuli in awake, fixating macaques. The average response changes indicate that V1 neurons mainly detect texture borders, while V4 neurons are involved in figure-ground segregation. However, population analysis (SVM decoding of PCA-transformed neuronal responses) reveal that V1 neurons not only detect figure-ground borders, but also contribute to figure-ground texture segregation, although requiring substantially more principal components than V4 neurons to reach a 75 % decoding accuracy. Individually, V1/V4 neurons showing larger (negative/positive) figure-ground response differences contribute more to figure-ground segregation. But for V1 neurons, the contribution becomes significant only when many principal components are considered. We conclude that V1 neurons participate in figure-ground segregation primarily by defining the figure borders, and the poorly structured figure-ground information V1 neurons carry could be further utilized by V4 neurons to accomplish figure-ground segregation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20851,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Neurobiology","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 102655"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141538570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The homogenous hippocampus: How hippocampal cells process available and potential goals","authors":"Neil McNaughton , David Bannerman","doi":"10.1016/j.pneurobio.2024.102653","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pneurobio.2024.102653","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We present here a view of the firing patterns of hippocampal cells that is contrary, both functionally and anatomically, to conventional wisdom. We argue that the hippocampus responds to efference copies of goals encoded elsewhere; and that it uses these to detect and resolve conflict or interference between goals in general. While goals can involve space, hippocampal cells do not encode spatial (or other special types of) memory, as such. We also argue that the transverse circuits of the hippocampus operate in an essentially homogeneous way along its length. The apparently different functions of different parts (e.g. memory retrieval versus anxiety) result from the different (situational/motivational) inputs on which those parts perform the same fundamental computational operations. On this view, the key role of the hippocampus is the iterative adjustment, via Papez-like circuits, of synaptic weights in cell assemblies elsewhere.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20851,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Neurobiology","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 102653"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301008224000893/pdfft?md5=65565ae54d4a1c6567131ef55d7dc0d0&pid=1-s2.0-S0301008224000893-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141498768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}